中国碱蓬属植物修订

本文对《中国植物志》藜科(Chenopodiaceae)碱蓬属(Suaeda Forsk. ex Scop.)长期存在的分类错误进行了纠正。将其中的高碱蓬S. altissima (L.) Pall.合并入碱蓬S. glauca (Bunge) Bunge,纵翅碱蓬S. pterantha (Kar. et Kir.) Bunge合并入刺毛碱蓬S. acuminata (C.A. Mey.) Moq.,同时增加了垦利碱蓬(新种)S. kenliensis J. W. Xing sp. nov。由此将中国碱蓬属(Suaeda)植物从原来的20种,变更为19种。并重新修订了中国碱蓬属(Suaeda)植物的分种检索表,使中国碱蓬属(Suaeda)植物的系统分类更趋于完善,为《中国植物志》的修订和碱蓬属(Suaeda)植物分类及其深入研究与开发利用提供了依据。     

海洋球石藻(Emiliania huxleyi)磷脂酶C的结构特点及系统进化分析

磷脂酶C(phospholipase C,PLC)作为一种重要的细胞信号分子,是G蛋白信号转导过程中的重要调节因子之一,在动、植物环境胁迫应答及病原菌致病过程中发挥重要作用。海洋浮游植物生长代谢与环境因子之间的相互作用涉及细胞内复杂的信号通路,并最终通过调节细胞分裂过程控制浮游植物的增殖、种群生长动力及初级生产力。但对浮游植物PLC及其参与的信号通路的了解却非常少。通过NCBI基因数据库的关键词搜索、比对,发现海洋球石藻(Emiliania huxleyi)中含有30种PLC蛋白,利用SMART程序预测其结构保守域,以此将30种PLC分为四大类;对其氨基酸序列的信号肽、跨膜结构域、一级结构、二级结构、三级结构及其细胞定位等进行了生物信息学分析和预测。结果表明,海洋球石藻PLC具有丰富的多样性,它们在信号肽、跨膜区等方面均有一定的差别,其一级结构中存在多个可能的磷酸化修饰位点。二级结构中都含有α螺旋,β折叠,无规则卷曲,且都定位于线粒体,而三级结构相似度不高。从亲缘关系上看,海洋球石藻PLC与低等动物更接近。该研究补充和完善了对植物PLC信号转导网络系统的认识,并为进一步开展海洋球石藻PLC细胞定位及其参与的信号通路与环境胁迫之间关系的研究提供了重要的理论指导。     

共轭伸展褶劈理夹角的定量解析

９０ 年代初以来,中国地质学者先后在浙、皖、赣、湘的“板溪群”及震旦系中发现了古生代的生物化石。因此,再次将“板溪群”是否是前震旦纪的一个变质地层单位、江南古陆是否存在以及华南大地构造格局是否需要重新厘定等问题提了出来。１９９３ 年笔者于赣东北蛇绿混杂岩带内的“双桥山群”岩块中,首次发现了含晚古生代的放射虫硅质岩。１９９６ 年又在该混杂岩带多处的“双桥山群”岩块和“下震旦统志棠组”中找到了含晚古生代的放射虫硅质岩,还首次在“登山群拔竹坑组”中发现了早古生代的几丁虫化石。经数年野外多次观察和对室内化石鉴定、岩石地球化学测试结果以及岩石学特征的综合分析表明,所发现的含晚古生代放射虫硅质岩及其岩石组合是一套洋盆深水相沉积;登山群拔竹坑组,是早古生代的一套浅水陆棚 深水陆棚 半深海相沉积。结合同行学者在邻区“板溪群”研究方面取得的新成果,笔者认为：“板溪群”不是前震旦纪的一个变质地层单位,而是一个复杂的构造岩带,江南古陆是不存在的,华南从早古生代到中生代早期还经历了一次洋盆演化过程,现在的构造格局是印支运动奠定的     

鲍人工配合饲料中维生素C的稳定性

本文研究了鲍人工配合饲料的加工和应用过程中,维生素Ｃ的稳定性和损失规律。结果表明,在４５、６０、８０、１００、１２０℃的５种烘干温度条件下,饲料中ＶＣ的保留率分别为６１％、６２％、６５％、１９％和６％。烘干温度以８０℃最合适。统计分析表明,饲料中水份一与ＶＣ的损失程度呈高度相关性,烘干过程应尽快除去饲料中水份,。饲料在浸泡第水应用过程中,未经特别处理的饲料Ａ,浸泡２４ｈ后ＶＣ的损失率为９８％,而经     

用VC开发Windows多边形域字符填充类

用Viaual C 5.0与MFC开发了一个Windows图形应用类,该类可实现任意多边形区域内的各种符号的填充,增强了CDC的画刷功能,为今后用VC开发专用图形软件提供了帮助。     

Assessment of long‐term Holocene soil erosion rates in Polish loess areas using sedimentary archives from closed depressions

Soil erosion is a particularly important problem in the loess areas of Central Europe. Numerous studies of past and present soil erosion based on colluvial sediments have so far been conducted. The main problem is the fact that colluvia usually do not represent the complete sedimentation record. Closed depressions (CDs) collect all colluvial sediments from their catchment, therefore, constitute sediment stores enabling the calculation of soil erosion rates. Colluvial sediments and fossil soils, infilling four CDs in the Polish loess belt, were OSL and C‐14 dated. Human settlements near the studied CDs were analyzed. Phases of soil erosion and colluviation from the Neolithic (5400–2900 bc ), from the Middle Bronze Age to the Early Iron Age (1600–0 bc ), and from the Early Middle Ages to Modern Times (500 AD until today) were documented within the CDs studied. Phases of low soil erosion rate and pedogenesis occurred from the Late Vistulian to the Early Neolithic and from the Iron Age to Early Middle Ages. This study reveals that these phases are not synchronous with the soil erosion phases in Central Europe, as the latter mainly occurred in the Bronze Age, Roman Period and Middle Ages. The obtained soil erosion rates were compared with erosion rates in different areas of Central Europe. This study indicates that in loess regions with long‐term agricultural land use, mean erosion rates (i.e. 3.7–5.9 t ha^‐1 yr^‐1) from the Middle Ages to Modern Times were ten times higher than during the entire prehistoric period (0.39–0.67 t ha^‐1 yr^‐1). The mean soil erosion rates for forested CDs was 0.24–0.74 t ha^‐1 yr^‐1. Soil erosion phases are most probably caused by human activities (i.e. land use change) but the early Holocene erosion phase (7.96 +/‐ 0.67 kyr) could have been induced by a climatic fluctuation (e.g. a 8.2 kyr Bond event). Copyright © 2018 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

基于GPS的人工地震测深零时仪研制

在人工地震测深野外数据观测系统中,通过人工爆破激发地震波,利用布设在测线观测点位上的地震仪采集来自地壳上地幔的地震波震相信息来进行地震成像,获得研究区地壳上地幔精细结构、深浅部构造关系和发震构造的空间展布特征,进而研究岩石圈演化和动力学过程。为进行后期地震波资料信息的精确处理,需获得人工爆破地震波激发时刻的高精度时间和地理坐标信息。设计一种基于AT89C5115微处理器的GPS同步零时仪装置,介绍其硬件结构设计和固件程序实现方法,授时精度达微秒级,具有人机交互控制和信息数据通信功能。经室内测试和野外实验,零时仪装置运行稳定可靠,能完全满足野外测深工作的需要。     

广东流溪河水库盔型溞(Daphnia galeata)休眠种群与现生种群的单倍型多样性和遗传分化

休眠卵库作为淡水枝角类生物与遗传信息的储藏库,从沉积物休眠卵库中萌发的枝角类对现生种群的数量与种群遗传结构有着直接的影响.分别采集流溪河水库盔型溞的现生种群和沉积物表层(0~10 cm)的休眠卵,扩增现生种群与休眠卵的线粒体细胞色素C氧化酶亚基I基因,构建了单倍型网络.休眠种群相比现生种群有着较高的单倍型多样性和核酸多样性,初期现生种群分别为0.562、0.00104,末期现生种群分别为0.726、0.00331,休眠种群分别为0.815、0.00761.流溪河盔型溞现生种群与休眠种群存在双向基因流,现生种群到休眠种群的有效迁移率为490.9,休眠种群到现生种群的有效迁移率为527.5.通过构建贝叶斯系统树验证了休眠种群和现有种群中并不存在隐种或者亚种的分化,休眠种群与现生种群之间没有出现较大的遗传分化,现生种群遗传多样性来自于休眠种群,水库的休眠种群更能反映种群真实的遗传多样性.休眠种群与现生种群之间的基因流与休眠卵库大小无关,与休眠卵的萌发有关.     

Changes in carbon and nutrient fluxes from headwaters to ocean in a mountainous temperate to subtropical basin

Water erosion provides major links in global cycles of carbon (C), nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P). Although significant research on erosion mechanisms has been done, there is still little knowledge on C, N and P fluxes across landscapes to the ocean and their controlling factors in subtropical climates. A four‐year study quantifying and comparing particulate and dissolved C, N and P from multiple scales (microplot, plot, microcatchment, subcatchment, catchment, sub‐basin and basin) was performed in Thukela basin (≈30 000 km²), South Africa. The basin climate was largely subtropical‐humid [mean annual precipitation (MAP) > 980 mm yr^‐1], but temperate (MAP >2000 mm yr^‐1) on the highlands. Open grassland, cropland and bushland were the major land uses. On average, 65, 24 and 4 g m^‐2 yr^‐1 C, N and P were displaced from original topsoil positions, but only 0.33, 0.005 and 0.002 mg m^‐2 yr^‐1 were, respectively, exported to the ocean. The fluxes decreased by 95, 97 and 84%, respectively, from plot to microcatchment outlet; and decreased further in downstream direction by >99% from microcatchment to basin outlet. The hillslope (microplot to microcatchment) fluxes correlated strongly with rainfall parameters. Particulate contributions dominated hillslope fluxes at 73, 81 and 76% of total annual C, N and P, respectively. Although particulate C dominated in the microcatchment‐catchment reach (55%), N (54%) and P (69%) were dominated by dissolved forms. The lower basin zone was dominated by dissolved flux contributions at 93, 81 and 78% for C, N and P for the sub‐basin outlet. These results suggested spatially varying drivers of C, N and P losses from the landscape to the ocean, via the river network. Deposition was envisaged the dominant hillslope level loss process, which gradually gave way to mineralization and biotic uptake in the river network as flux contributions shifted from being predominantly particulate to dissolved forms. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.