L2C监测跟踪网信噪比SNR数据质量分析

本文从L2C监测跟踪网的数据出发,分析了其中六个监测站的信噪比(SNR)数据。首先分析了未调制L2C码卫星的L1载波和L2载波的信噪比,得出此时的L2的信噪比数值相对较小(L1载波的信噪比均值与L2的信噪比均值差异最大为19.1dB)且稳定性较差;随后分析了调制有L2C码的卫星的L1载波和L2载波的信噪比,得出现代化后的L2载波信噪比与L1载波的信噪比基本一致(两个信噪比之差基本上在5dB左右);进而得出结论:调制有L2C码的L2载波具有更好的数据稳定性和抗干扰能力,且具有易于捕获的特点。     

A mid to late Holocene record of palaeoclimatic changes from Nal Sarovar: a palaeodesert margin lake in western India

With a view to obtain palaeoclimatic data from a climatically sensitive region we have studied core samples from Nal Sarovar, a large shallow lake lying within the palaeodesert margin of Thar in western India. A combination of C/N ratios and δ¹³C on a radiocarbon-dated core section have been used as climatic proxies. A high-resolution record extending back to ca. 6.6 ka BP has been reconstructed. The data indicate that, in the past, climate has varied from drier to wetter than present on time-scales of few hundreds to few thousands of years. There are, however, significant differences on the timing of these wet and dry periods, when compared with the available data from lakes farther north, in Rajasthan. Further, it looks unlikely that during the 6.6 ka the catchment areas of Nal Sarovar experienced such a significant increase in rainfall as has been suggested for the Rajasthan lakes. Interestingly, drier periods in Nal Sarovar data appear to correlate well with periods of glacier expansion in Eurasia indicating that the palaeoclimatic variations recorded in Nal Sarovar are a regional feature. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

测绘外业记簿器及记录程序发展

以测绘外业观测所使用的记簿器及记录程序从无到有、从旧到新、从简单到复杂的发展历程,重点以中国地震局大地测量实际应用为例,循序渐进地指出当前测绘外业记簿器及记录程序所面临的困难,剖析最新记录程序的功能及内涵,探索测绘外业记簿器及记录程序的发展方向。     

柴达木盆地东部表土花粉分析

1 Introduction The modern surface pollen data provide foundation for the reconstruction of paleoenvironment and paleoclimate using pollen data. So the studies of modern pollen have received more attention in China and other countries. The study objects in…     

风云三号C星微波成像仪升降轨偏差问题分析及订正

风云三号(FY-3)的微波成像仪(MWRI)能够全天候获取全球大气水汽含量、云雨参数及海面温度等的空间分布,并可为数值天气预报提供初始场信息进而提高天气预报的准确性。但FY-3C MWRI O-B(O是卫星观测亮温,B是数值天气预报模式模拟亮温)偏差结果存在较大升降轨差异,严重制约了遥感信息的正确提取以及在数值天气预报模式中的业务同化应用。本文通过分析定标方程各参数:定标黑体物理温度、热反射镜背瓣亮温、热反射镜物理温度、冷空反射镜物理温度、接收通道温度、黑体观测计数值、冷空观测计数值、定标斜率、定标截距,并对定标方程各项进行敏感性分析,找出了引起MWRI升降轨偏差的主要原因是热反射镜的发射率异常增大引起的。经过不断调整MWRI的热反射镜发射率,使升轨O-B与降轨O-B的概率分布逐渐重合,初步估算了热反射镜发射率。本文的订正方法可指导未来仪器的发展,并为直接同化MWRI辐射数据提供了条件。     

科尔沁沙地退化植被恢复过程中碳氮化学计量特征的变化

为研究沙地退化植被恢复过程中碳氮化学计量特征的变化,分别于2011年、2013年和2015年8月中旬对流动、半固定、固定沙丘和草地进行植被调查,并测定植被—土壤系统的碳氮化学计量特征。结果表明：（1） 随着沙地退化植被的恢复,地上植物、凋落物和根系的C、N含量及C/N比波动变化,土壤（0～10 cm）C和N含量及C/N比显著增加（P <0.05）。（2）沙地4种生境上的地上植物、凋落物、根系、土壤的C、N含量及C/N比年际间变化显著（P <0.05）。（3） 沙地退化植被恢复过程中地上植物、凋落物、土壤的C/N比与物种丰富度呈正线性关系（P <0.01）。沙地退化植被恢复过程中优势植物演替导致植被—土壤系统中C、N化学计量特征的变化,植被恢复过程中植物的氮素利用效率也在逐渐增强,而封育时间的增加能够促进沙地土壤中N的积累。     

C2C服装店铺信用等级的规模分布及其影响因素——以江浙沪地区为例

通过搜集与计算得到江浙沪地区各城市淘宝男装、女装、童装及服装店铺整体的信用等级,同时借助集中程度分析、位序—规模法则及回归分析,探讨了该地区淘宝服装店铺信用等级的规模分布特征及其影响因素.结果 表明:1)除童装外,江浙沪地区淘宝服装店铺整体及男装、女装店铺,其信用等级的位序—规模分布满足齐夫法则;2)江浙沪地区淘宝服装店铺信用等级的空间分布形态满足对数正态分布模式;3)淘宝服装店铺信用等级的无标度区涵盖了江浙沪地区绝大部分城市,其规模分布结构相对优化;4)淘宝服装店铺的信用等级受信息化水平、物流指数、基础规模实力、文化教育水平、经济发展水平和区位优势度等因素的综合影响,但当地服装产业的工业集中度未能影响淘宝服装店铺的信用等级.     

Increase in medium-size rainfall events will enhance the C-sequestration capacity of biological soil crusts

Biological soil crusts(BSCs) play important roles in the carbon(C) balance in arid regions. Net C balance of BSCs is strongly dependent on rainfall and consequent activation of microbes in the BSCs. The compensation-rainfall size for BSCs(the minimum rainfall amount for a positive net C balance) is assumed to be different with BSCs of different developmental stages. A field experiment with simulated rainfall amount(SRA) of 0, 1, 5, 10, 20, and 40 mm was conducted to examine the C fluxes and compensation-rainfall size of BSCs in different parts of fixed dunes in the ecotone between the Badain Jaran Desert and the Minqin Oasis. We found algae-lichen crust on the interdunes and crest, algae crust on the leeward side, and lichen-moss crust on the windward. Even a small rainfall(1 mm) can activate both photosynthesis and respiration of all types of BSCs. The gross ecosystem production, ecosystem respiration, and net ecosystem exchange were significantly affected by SRA, hours after the simulated rainfall, position on a dune, and their interactions. The rapid activation of photosynthesis provides a C source and therefore could be responsible for the increase of C efflux after each rewetting. C-uptake and-emission capacity of all the BSCs positively correlated with rainfall size, with the lowest C fluxes on the leeward side. The compensation rainfall for a net C uptake was 3.80, 15.54, 8.62, and 1.88 mm for BSCs on the interdunes, the leeward side, the crest, and the windward side, respectively. The whole dune started to show a net C uptake with an SRA of 5 mm and maximized with an SRA of about 30 mm. The compensation-rainfall size is negatively correlated with chlorophyll content. Our results suggest that BSCs will be favored in terms of C balance, and sand dune stabilization could be sustained with an increasing frequency of 5-10 mm rainfall events in the desert-oasis transitional zone.-     

三沙永乐龙洞洞内侧壁礁体矿物和元素组成及其晚更新世以来的形成演化

三沙永乐龙洞深度在300m左右,是目前全球已知最深的海洋蓝洞,但是对其性质和成因了解极其有限。本研究使用X射线粉晶衍射仪、X射线荧光光谱仪、AMS14C测年等分析测试方法对采自不同深度的洞壁礁体的矿物物相、元素含量和形成年代进行了测定,探讨了洞壁性质和龙洞的演化。研究结果表明:三沙永乐龙洞洞内侧壁矿物均属于碳酸盐矿物,包括文石、高镁方解石和低镁方解石,平均含量分别为49.0%、46.6%、14.3%,它们主要来自钙质生物碎屑;洞内侧壁的主要元素是Ca、Mg、Sr,平均含量分别为36.8%、0.98%、0.48%。三沙永乐龙洞是一个复合体,17m以上岩石年龄晚于7.5cal kaBP,是全新世海平面上升时期形成的现代珊瑚礁体,没有经历过海平面下降引起的成岩作用; 17—35m岩石形成时代早于25cal ka BP,是经历了大气淡水成岩作用的晚更新世喀斯特溶洞,且在高海平面时期于17—23m以浅的空间内广泛发育洞内珊瑚礁。     

基于数据挖掘的GF-1 遥感影像绿潮自适应阈值分区智能检测方法研究

由于受到云雾的影响,可见光影像能够高效用于绿潮检测的数据源较为有限,特别是云覆盖较为严重的可见光影像,基本无法用于检测绿潮。即使影像数据是在薄云、薄雾、无云覆盖的情况下获取的,由于其光谱反射值存在较大差异,依然很难采用同一阈值进行绿潮检测。基于此,为了提高可见光影像的利用率,实现不同云覆盖情况下,绿潮的高精度自适应阈值的自动检测,本文以GF-1影像为数据源,首先采用K-means聚类和C4.5决策树方法实现影像云覆盖情况的自动识别;其次,选取大量不同云覆盖情况下子图像样本（每个子图像样本中均包含绿潮和海水两类）,分析得出不同云覆盖情况下绿潮和海水的区分阈值y与影像光谱差x=band_nir-band_red之间所具有的线性关系;然后,利用分析得出的线性关系提出一种适用于GF-1影像的绿潮分区自适应阈值自动检测方法。最后,为验证提出方法的有效性,分别采用NDVI方法、EVI方法和本文提出的自适应阈值自动检测方法进行绿潮提取实验。实验结果表明,对于GF-1卫星遥感数据,本文提出的绿潮自适应阈值分区自动检测方法明显优于传统的NDVI和EVI检测方法,不仅提高了绿潮的监测精度,而且实现了绿潮提取的全自动化。