河北平原地下水氢、氧、碳、氯同位素组成的环境意义

地下水是古气候信息的载体，它的化学成分和同位素组成可以反映古气候的演变。应用３Ｈ、１４Ｃ和３６Ｃｌ资料计算的河北平原地下水的年龄如下：第１含水组（Ｑ４）０～３ｋａ，第２含水组（Ｑ３）３～１００ｋａ，第３含水组（Ｑ２）１００～３００ｋａ，第４含水组（Ｑ１）３００～７００ｋａ。根据δ１８Ｏ和δＤ计算的地下水补给期的地面平均气温表明，第四纪以来河北平原气候环境是逐渐变暖的。根据第４至第１含水组（Ｑ１～Ｑ４）地下水δＤ＝－７０‰的等值线变化，认为第四纪以来，渤海海岸线逐渐由东向西移动。     

层序界面及其附近的地质特征与地质过程的表现

本文探讨了层序界面及其附近的地质特征及其构型,建立了三型(Ⅰ,Ⅱ,Ⅲ型)八类层序界面分类方案;Ⅰ型界面包括暴露侵蚀削截面、古土壤面、古喀斯特面和暴露侵蚀界面;Ⅱ型界面包括海平面下降结构转换面和海侵上超界面;Ⅲ型界面包括海底侵蚀成岩间断面和事件界面。运用岩石地层学、生物地层学、磁性地层学及碳氧同位素等多学科,对二叠纪和三叠纪中,二叠与前二叠系之间、二叠与三叠系之间和中下三叠统之间3个主要层序界面进行了探讨,这3个界面分别属于Ⅰ型、Ⅲ型和Ⅰ型界面。提出了层序界面及其附近的地质特征及其地质过程的表现。     

Correlation between the bedded chert sequence of southwest Japan and δ13C excursion of carbonate sequence, and its significance to the Permian-Triassic mass extinction

Abstract Stratigraphic productivity variations of radiolarians below the Permian-Triassic boundary are examined with Ishiga Diagrams in bedded chert sequences of southwest Japan. The diagrams of two different outcrops, drawn from the thickness variation of chert beds, show common stratigraphic variation, which indicates the diagram is a useful tool for correlation of bedded chert sequence. The common stratigraphic productivity variation is also well correlated to a compiled δ¹³C excursion of shallow carbonate sequences. Bedded chert records a dramatic extinction event in a shallow surface zone of oceans below the Permian-Triassic boundary. The Permian-Triassic mass extinction is divided into three intervals based on the Ishiga Diagrams, the stratigraphic lithological variation of bedded chert sequences, and the δ¹³C curve. The preceding extinction interval in the late Djulfian stage was not as serious an event and the biosphere soon recovered. The event of the main extinction interval commenced in the Dorashamian stage and caused a serious destruction of the biosphere. An event of the aftermath interval during the Early Triassic caused a delay in the recovery from the main extinction interval.     

Modelling shear waves in OBS data from the Vøring basin (Northern Norway) by 2-D ray-tracing

Three component recordings from an array of five ocean bottom seismographs in the northwestern part of the Vøring basin have been used to obtain a 2-D shear-wave (S-wave) velocity-depth model. The shear waves are identified by means of travel-time differences compared to the compressional (P) waves, and by analyzing their particle motions. The model has been obtained by kinematic (travel-time) ray-tracing modelling of the OBS horizontal components.The shear-wave modelling indicates that mode conversions occur at several high velocity interfaces (sills) in the 4–10 km depth range, previously defined by a compressional-wave velocity-depth model using the same data set.An averageV _p /V _s ratio of 2.1 is inferred for the layers above the uppermost sill, indicative of both poorly consolidated sediments and a low sand/shale ratio. A significant decrease in theV _p /V _s ratio (1.7) below the first sill may in part be atributed to well consolidated sediments, and to a change in lithology to more sandy sediments. This layer is interpreted to lie within the lower Cretaceous sequence. At 5–10 km depthV _p /V _s ratios of 1.85 indicate a lower sand/shale ratio consistent with the expected lithologies. The averageV _p /V _s ratio inferred for the crust is 1.75, which is consistent with values obtained north of Vøring, in the Lofoten area. An eastward thinning of the crystalline basement is supported by the shear-wave modelling.     

油气化探中△C与烃类异常的相互配置关系

通过对△Ｃ（即后生碳酸盐）成因机理的分析，结合典型实例，对△Ｃ异常与烃类异常的相互配置关系及其与地下深处油气藏联系的研究，大量事实证明，△Ｃ异常并不总是与烃类异常一致的，只有当△Ｃ异常与烃类异常较一致时，△Ｃ异常才具有找油气藏的意义。     

地质钻机交流变频调速系统驱动性能的实验研究

在模拟回转和提升负载条件下，对异步电机和变频器组成的驱动系统在地质钻机上的适应性作了比较全面系统地实验研究。实验结果表明：交流变频驱动系统其调速范围宽，驱动特性好，可实现带载频繁启动；具有限定最大输出转矩、设定加减速时间等多项可选择的功能。系统运行可靠、效率高。在钻机上使用，可简化钻机传动机构，利于优化钻井和安全钻井；便于实现钻探设备的自动化。因此，交通变频驱动在钻机上有很好的应用前提，是一项值得     

Tectonic and geochemical characteristics and reserved conditions of a mantle source gas accumulation zone in eastern China

Along both sides of the Tancheng-Lujiang Fracture Zone in eastern China, a series of mantle source gas pools constitute a massive-scale tectonic accumulation zone in NNE direction, with the mantle geochemical characteristics of high concentrations of C0₂ and He, high³He/⁴He-⁴⁰Ar/³⁶Ar ratio system and high δ¹³Coo₂ ratios (the main frequency, -3.4%— 4.6%), showing no difference from the tectonic framework of the area. In the area, the tectonic environment is a rift formed as a result of diapiric mantle injection and crust thinning to form graben-type basins and lithospheric fractures. The mantle-derived volcanic rocks and inclusions are well-developed and a high geothermal zone (mantlesource) exists in the area. The characteristics of the three components (solid, liquid and gas) of mantle, concentrated all over the same tectonic space zone, show that the rift system is of a good tectonic environment or passage for mantle degassing and gas migration. The main types of the gas pools are volcano, fault-block, anticline, buried hill and so on, but most of them are combination traps closely related with fracture. For the mantle source gas pools, rift is an optimum tectonic region, and nearby lithospheric fracture, mantle source volcanic rocks or basement uplifts are a favourable structural location when reservoir-caprock association develops.     

布机监测系统中的数据通讯和数据处理

本文介绍布机监测系统中的数据通讯和数据处理的设计概念及其实现方法。     

Solid state C NMR studies of selected oil shales from Queensland, Australia

Solid state ¹³C NMR techniques of cross polarization with magic-angle spinning, and interrupted decoupling have been employed to examine the nature of the organic matter in eight kerogen concentrates representing five Tertiary deposits in Queensland, Australia. The NMR results show that five of the kerogens have high proportions of aliphatic carbon in their organic matter and correspond to Type I–II algal kerogens. Three of the kerogens, derived from carbonaceous shales, have a high proportion of aromatic carbon in their organic matter and correspond to Type III kerogens. The fractions of aliphatic carbon in all the kerogens, regardless of type, are shown to correlate with the conversion characteristics of the corresponding raw shales during Fischer assay. Interrupted decoupling NMR results show the presence of more oxygen-substituted carbon in the carbonaceous shales, which may account for the greater CO₂ evolution and phenolic materials found in the pyrolysis products of the carbonaceous shales.     

面向对象三维有限元分析程序的研究和实现

计算分析在岩土工程应用和研究中占有相当大的比重。传统的结构化编程方式需花费大量工时 ,而且在可扩充性和代码可重用性方面也受到许多约束。因此 ,将面向对象编程技术应用于有限元程序编制正成为岩土工程计算程序设计的主流。将面向对象有限元方法引入三维有限元程序 ,用C ++语言编制了一个筏板基础与地基共同作用有限元分析程序 ,作为对有限元新方法的一次有益尝试