水源林区人工湿地污水处理技术的应用示范

针对水源林区的污水处理和循环利用等问题,设计了水平潜流人工湿地+垂直流人工湿地污水处理工艺,该工艺依靠重力作为动力,无需能耗,管理简单,污水处理效果较好,抗冲力负荷能力较强。运行结果表明,工艺出水主要指标达到了《地表水环境质量标准》(GB3838-2002)规定的I类水质标准。     

采用偏心割刀处理小口径钻孔掉钻事故实践

偏心割刀切割钻杆、钻具,多应用在大口径工程施工钻中,在地质钻探施工中,偏心割刀可以用来切割套管、岩心管。在贵州省普安县青山镇泥堡二矿的钻探施工中,使用偏心割刀从钻杆的外面将钻杆切割掉,成功处理了一次复杂的钻孔事故。介绍了采用偏心割刀处理钻孔事故的技术措施及注意事项。     

Solid phase characterization and metal deportment in a mussel shell bioreactor for the treatment of AMD,Stockton Coal Mine,New Zealand

The Stockton Coal Mine, located on the West Coast of New Zealand, is evaluating the use of a mussel shell bioreactor (MSB) to treat acidic metalliferous runoff from acid forming overburden. This novel approach is similar in concept to vertical flow wetlands (VFWs) and successive alkalinity producing systems (SAPS). The MSB system is a trapezoidal pit 2 m deep, 35 m long, 3–10 m wide with 60° angle sides. During operation it contained 160 tonnes (240 m³) of mussel shell material and was saturated with a 100–200 mm water cap. Influent flowed through the reactor at a mean rate of 0.3 L s⁻¹ resulting in a hydraulic retention time (HRT) of ≈6 days. The prototype MSB was in operation for a total of 1027 days, from June 2009 through March 2012, and effectively sequestered 99.7% of Al, 99.3% of Fe, 98.8% of Ni, 98.4% Tl and 99.3% of Zn, as determined from a previous evaluation of MSB performance. The MSB also effectively neutralized acidity, which resulted in an increase in influent pH from 2.8 to 6.9 in the effluent. Based on an examination of several excavated pits, five distinct reaction zones developed within the MSB. The reaction zones consisted of an allochthonous sediment layer (0–330 mm), an oxidized iron-rich ocherous layer (at 330–350 mm depth), an aluminum layer (at 350–600 mm depth) with geochemical variations throughout (350–500 mm and 500–600 mm); and a chemically reduced bottom shell layer (at 600–1100 mm). Representative samples were collected from each layer and analyzed using a combination of geochemical and physical methods to assess the stability of the secondary minerals and trace metal deportment within the MSB. Major elements Fe, Al, Ni, Tl, and Zn where preferentially associated with particular layers within the MSB. Elevated concentrations of Fe (110,000 mg kg⁻¹) were observed in the allochthonous sediment and ocherous precipitate layers, while Al (27,816 mg kg⁻¹), Ni (55 mg kg⁻¹), and Zn (655 mg kg⁻¹) were elevated within the aluminum and lower reduced depths within the MSB. Trace Tl (21 mg kg⁻¹) showed varying concentrations throughout the MSB, but was strongly correlated to lower layers of the system. Microbial biofilms were observed within the reduced portions of the shell layers often proximal to bacterial shaped sulfides. The geochemical assessment of the MSB presented in this study is the first of its kind for a MSB, and supports the argument that this system is another viable option for passive treatment of AMD.     

川藏公路藏东段边坡稳定性研究与治理评价

川藏公路是一带一路南亚通道的主要干线,其藏东段地质灾害频发,如何有效治理、保障安全畅通意义重大。文章在详细调查的基础上,对取得的藏东段沿线所有边坡数据进行统计及特征分析,利用随机森林理论建立了边坡稳定性评判模型,根据计算出的影响因素重要性大小对边坡的稳定性进行判别,模型检验表明其准确率超过94.44%,同时结合实地验证,对边坡的治理提出了可行性建议,为川藏公路藏东段的有效治理提供实用参考资料。      

肥槽回填土常见工程问题与处理方法

总结分析了建筑工程肥槽回填土质量不良引发的常见工程问题,以及肥槽回填土不易施工密实的几个主要原因,并总结提出了各种肥槽回填土处理方法,以及它们主要的适用条件。     

高压防渗帷幕技术在地基防渗和断桩处理中的应用

通过地基防渗和断桩处理工程实例,介绍了应用高压防渗帷幕技术的设计方案和施工要点。     

薄壁结构砼的裂缝与处理

分析了万年闸船闸砼工程结束后薄壁砼结构墙体出现大面积贯通性裂缝的发生原因,提出了修复裂缝的工艺方案,总结了预防此类裂缝发生的有效措施。     

国内城市污水处理工艺综述

介绍了目前国内采用的城市污水处理工艺,并对各种工艺的特点做了分析和比较。最后,讨论了工艺中存在的问题和解决的策略。     

苦参地肤洗剂治疗急性湿疹42例临床观察

目的：探讨苦参地肤洗剂治疗急性湿疹的临床疗效。方法：将急性湿疹患者84 例随机分为治疗组和对照组,每组各42 例。治疗组采用苦参地肤洗剂冷湿敷治疗,对照组采用3%硼酸洗液冷湿敷治疗,疗程均为2周。观察2组湿疹面积及严重程度指数（EASI）评分、瘙痒程度［视觉模拟评分法（VAS）评分］及生活质量指数（DLQI）评分,并评定综合疗效。结果：总有效率治疗组为92.86%（39/42）,高于对照组的76.19%（32/42）,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。治疗后EASI评分及治疗前后EASI评分差值2组间比较,差异均无统计学意义（P＞0.05）;治疗后VAS评分、DLQI评分及其治疗前后差值2组间比较,差异均有统计学意义（P<0.05或P<0.01）。结论：苦参地肤洗剂治疗急性湿疹效果明显,使用方便,疗效较3%硼酸洗液优,值得临床推广。     

烟台市牟平区废弃矿山地质环境问题及生态修复治理措施

本文以烟台市牟平区某废弃矿山为例,介绍了该区域存在的地质环境问题,分析了造成该区域矿山地质环境破坏的原因,以恢复耕地、草地、林地为目的,对区内的现状进行分析,对采坑、残丘、料场提出相应的修复方案。矿山地质环境恢复治理需从科学的角度树立正确的修复理念,落实地貌重塑、土壤重构和植被恢复三大矿山修复核心技术,为矿山地质环境保护与生态恢复治理提供重要的科学依据。