基于全球闪电定位网的江淮闪电定位网探测效率分析：以台风“利奇马”为例

基于全球闪电定位网(World Wide Lightning Location Network,WWLLN)获取的闪电定位资料对江淮闪电定位网(Jianghuai Area Sferic Array,JASA)在内陆及近海区域的闪电实时探测性能进行评估。通过对2019年第9号超强台风“利奇马”期间产生的闪电活动进行对比分析,发现JASA和WWLLN对台风闪电的径向分布、时间变化和空间变化有较好的一致性,绝大部分闪电发生在云顶亮温小于220 K区域;在台风发展阶段,内核区闪电活动较为频繁,在台风成熟和消亡阶段时,闪电主要分布外雨带,内核区的闪电活动少但集中。在探测效率方面,JASA对江淮区域实时定位到的闪电数远多于WWLLN,相对探测效率和绝对探测效率分别为69.12%和92.51%。而在海洋区域(114～130°E,20～24°N和123～130°E,24～32°N),由于受到JASA站点位置分布的限制,闪电实时定位数略少于WWLLN,其相对探测效率和绝对探测效率分别为32.67%和52.26%。研究结果表明了JASA对内陆及近海区域雷暴具备较强的捕获能力,为实时监测台风期间强对流闪电...     

青藏铁路沿线闪电活动的时空分布特征

利用搭载于卫星上的闪电探测仪所获取的8年闪电资料,对青藏铁路沿线闪电活动的时空分布进行了研究。结果表明,青藏铁路沿线的闪电活动呈现出明显的季节变化和日变化。青藏铁路沿线的闪电活动主要发生在4～9月,其中以5～7月最为频繁,到10月份迅速消亡,而且闪电分布在南北向上变化较明显;青藏铁路沿线闪电活动在12：00～16：00(地方时,下同)最易发生。日闪电密度峰值出现在15：00左右。闪电密度的空间分布以那曲为最大,分别向南、北减小。另外,2003年夏季的地面观测资料还表明,那曲地区在傍晚还有一闪电活动峰值。     

铁路调度信息机房与轨道测速系统防雷设计方案

山西省大同市大秦铁路湖东车站信息调度机房由于没有按照防雷规范的要求安装外部防雷装置和内部防雷装置,因此每年雷雨季节都要不同程度地遭受雷击损失,本文主要是从直击雷防护、电源系统感应雷防护、轨道测速系统等电位接地等方面按照现代综合防雷的要求提出设计方案。     

家用太阳能热水器防雷工程设计

通过对家用太阳能热水器结构以及它安装在屋顶的特殊性的认识,从直击雷防护和防雷电波侵入两个方面进行了讨论,并进行了相应的防雷工程设计。     

砖木、砖石结构建筑闪电分流系数研究

随着经济的发展,我国对高层建筑,以及智能建筑物的防雷很重视,具体的防雷措施也做的很到位.但相对于一些古建筑物来说,特别是砖木,砖石结构建筑,在防雷方面却没有引起足够的重视,现阶段能够大量保存的砖木、砖石结构建筑大部分都是具有重要历史、艺术、科学价值的革命遗址、纪念建筑物、古文化遗址、古城址、古窑址、古墓葬、古建筑、石窟寺、古民居、石刻等文物,因此对这些建筑的防雷措施应该更加重视.本文做了关于砖木、砖石结构建筑闪电分流系数研究,仅供参考,希望对砖木、砖石建筑物雷电防护工作起到一定的作用.     

一次“晴天霹雳”致死事件分析

对2017年广州从化地区一次"晴朗"天气下的闪电致死事件进行调查分析发现,这次事件是闪电首先击中一棵大树,然后击中附近人员头顶致死。根据目击者描述的时间和位置,利用闪电低频电场变化探测阵列的定位数据和广东电力等系统的雷电定位数据,结合广州番禺雷达观测资料,确定此事件是由一次含有7次回击的地闪过程的首次回击造成,其电流峰值强度为-30.9 kA。闪电起始于13.0 km高度的云内,经约600 ms云内发展过程后闪电通道从云体延伸出来,云砧区边缘（0 dBz）到回击点水平距离约300 m,降水区边缘（18 dBz）到回击点水平距离约1.8 km。使用雷击现场等效电路模型,计算旁络闪击空气击穿场强可击穿空气与人头部连接为通路,根据电路分流原理,如果雷电流击中13 m高的大树后流经到"跳点"（树干上方1/4）处后,则有13.2 kA雷电流直接闪击到受害者身上,同时还承受了78.3 kV跨步电压伤害,而距离雷击点10 m远的目击者仅承受1.3 kV跨步电压。      

Lightning optical pulse statistics from storm overflights during the Altus Cumulus Electrification Study

The Altus Cumulus Electrification Study (ACES) was conducted during the month of August 2002 in an area near Key West, Florida. One of the goals of this uninhabited aerial vehicle (UAV) study was to collect time resolved optical pulse data from thunderstorms. During the month long campaign, we acquired 5256 lightning generated optical pulses. Most of these observations were made while quite close to the top of the storms. We divided our data into two amplitude groups based on prior NASA U2 aircraft optical data and the pulse characteristics. The group of strong pulses with radiance greater than 2.1 mW m^{− 2} sr^{− 1} had mean and median 10–10% optical pulse widths of 770 and 740 μs, respectively, 50–50% pulse widths of 399 and 355 μs, respectively, and 10–90% risetimes of 292 and 260 μs. These values are very similar to the previous U2 based optical results The other group of pulses consisting of slightly more than a quarter of the total pulses observed had radiances less than the minimum values detected in the U2 study. These weak pulses were narrower than the strong pulses with 50–50% mean and median values of 199 and 160 μs, respectively. Only 12% of the flashes observed contained only weak pulses. The source of these weak pulses is unknown, but we suspect that some are artifacts of the close proximity of the aircraft to cloud top.     

移动通信基站的防雷地网综合设计

为了提高移动基站的防雷能力,结合移动基站防雷地网的建设和维护经验,提出根据实际情况设计移动通信基站防雷地网系统的设计思想和方法,分析和研究了接地装置、等电位连接、直击雷保护系统、感应雷保护系统、移动基站地网的类型和组成。     

移动通信基站的防雷地网综合设计

为了提高移动基站的防雷能力，结合移动基站防雷地网的建设和维护经验，提出根据实际情况设计移动通信基站防雷地网系统的设计思想和方法，分析和研究了接地装置、等电位连接、直击雷保护系统、感应雷保护系统、移动基站地网的类型和组成。     

Inverted-polarity electrical structures in thunderstorms in the Severe Thunderstorm Electrification and Precipitation Study (STEPS)

Balloon-borne electric field soundings and lightning mapping data have been analyzed for three of the storms that occurred in the Severe Thunderstorm Electrification and Precipitation Study field program in 2000 to determine if the storms had inverted-polarity electrical structures. The polarities of all or some of the vertically stacked charge regions in such storms are opposite to the polarities observed at comparable heights in normal storms. Analyses compared the charge structures inferred from electric field soundings in the storms with charges inferred from three-dimensional lightning mapping data. Charge structures were inferred from electric field profiles by combining the one-dimensional approximation of Gauss's law with additional information from three-dimensional patterns in the electric field vectors. The three different ways of inferring the charge structure in the storms were found to complement each other and to be consistent overall. Charge deposition by lightning possibly occurred and increased the charge complexity of one of the storms.Many of the cloud flashes in each case were inverted-polarity flashes. Two storms produced ground flash activity comprised predominantly of positive ground flashes. One storm, which was an isolated thunderstorm, produced inverted-polarity cloud flashes, but no flashes to ground. The positive and negative thunderstorm charge regions were found at altitudes where, respectively, negative and positive charge would be found in normal-polarity storms. Thus, we conclude that these storms had anomalous and inverted-polarity electrical structures. Collectively, these three cases (along with the limited cases in the refereed literature) provide additional evidence that thunderstorms can have inverted-polarity electrical structures.