9.5–2.3 ka BP燕辽地区考古文化演变及其遗址的时空分布（英文）

With basic information from 8353 archaeological sites, this study describes a holistic spatial-temporal distribution pattern of archaeological sites of the prehistoric culture sequence from 9.5 ka BP (ka BP = thousands of years before 0 BP, where "0 BP" is defined as the year AD 1950) to 2.3 ka BP in the region that extends from the Yanshan Mountains to the Liaohe River Plain(i.e., the Yan-Liao region) in northern China. Based on spatial statistics analysis – including the spatial density of the sites and Geographic Information System nearest-neighbour analysis, combined with a review of environmental and climatic data – this paper analyses cultural evolution, the spatial-temporal features of the archaeological sites and human activities against the backdrop of climatic and environmental changes in this region. The results reveal that prehistoric cultural evolution in the Yan-Liao region is extensively influenced by climatic and environmental changes. The Xinglongwa, Zhaobaogou and Fuhe cultures, which primarily developed during a habitable period from 8.5 ka BP to 6.0 ka BP with strong summer monsoons, have similar maximum density values, spatial patterns and subsistence strategies dominated by hunting-gathering. Significant changes occurred in the Hongshan and Lower Xiajiadian cultures, with a significant increase in numbers and densities of sites and a slump in average nearest-neighbour ratio when the environment began to deteriorate starting in 6.0 ka BP. Additionally, with the onset of a weak summer monsoon and the predominance of primitive agriculture, sites of these two cultures present a different type of concentric circle-shaped pattern in space. As the environment continuously deteriorated with increasing aridity and the spread of steppe, more sites were distributed towards the south, and primitive agriculture was replaced by livestock husbandry in the Upper Xiajiadian culture. The most densely populated areas of the studied cultures are centralized within a limited area. The Laohahe River and Jiaolaihe River basins formed the core area in which most archaeological sites were distributed during the strong summer monsoon period and the first few thousand years of the weak summer monsoon period.     

大庆油田萨北开发区二类油层二元复合驱技术研究

大庆油田萨北开发区二类油层具有渗透率低和非均质严重等特点,水驱开采效果差。对4种不同表面活性剂二元复合体系黏度、界面张力及其稳定性进行了评价,优选出性能好的“炼化石油磺酸盐／聚合物”二元复合体系。还对该体系的驱油效果、注入参数、黏度和段塞组合等进行了实验研究,结果表明“炼化石油磺酸盐／聚合物”二元复合体系具有较好增油效果。“整体”段塞和段塞黏度排序“低中高”注入方式的增油效果较好,调剖愈早,增油效果愈好。推荐矿场采用的注入方式为：先注入0．05～0．08PV的Cr^3＋聚合物凝胶段塞,再转注0．33～0．49PV二元复合体系（CP=1200mg／L,CS=0．2％）。在上述配方组成和段塞组合条件下,比水驱提高采收率15％以上。     

滩涂油田矿山地质环境影响与保护恢复方案探讨——以笔架岭油田为例

油田企业的石油勘探、生产过程中,会对周边地质环境造成一定影响,需要开展地质环境保护与恢复治理工作。滩涂油田由于其地理位置的特殊性,其矿山地质环境保护治理方案也有所不同。以笔架岭油田为例,滩涂油田生产对地质环境的影响主要体现在对土地资源的影响,对地下水资源和水质的影响以及对浅海滩涂水土环境的影响三个方面。针对三种地质环境影响,提出开展地下水资源监测,滩涂水土环境的监测以及拆除采油平台、微生物修复生态环境以及芦苇种植等措施。做好滩涂油田地质环境保护与恢复治理工作。     

辽河盆地东部凹陷东营组火山岩特征及油气封盖作用

利用辽河盆地东部凹陷32口井11 431 m火山岩井段的岩芯、岩屑、测录井资料,通过火山地层-地震连井对比,研究了东营组火山岩的岩性、岩相、纵向序列及喷发期次;通过225口探井56923 m火山岩井段编制出东营组火山岩平面分布图;根据43口探井600余件实测孔隙度和渗透率数据分析东营组火山岩储集物性及其与沉积岩和下伏沙三段火山岩的相互关系。结果表明,东营组火山岩主要为玄武岩和粗安岩,归属为5个喷发期次,自下而上为基性-中性-基性火山喷发旋回;火山岩分布受边界断裂控制,在驾东断裂与其伴生断裂的交汇处火山岩厚度最大。火山岩和沉积岩的储集物性均随埋深变差,东营组埋深多2 500 m,其火山岩物性差于互层的砂岩,但好于埋深超过2 500 m的沙三段火山岩。揭示了东营组火山岩与油气成藏关系:1东营组火山岩孔渗(φ=15%,K=0.4×10-3μm2)相邻砂岩(φ=21%,K=29×10-3μm2),主要起封盖作用;2东营组火山岩储集物性通常好于沙三段火山岩(φ=10%,K=0.45×10-3μm2),但其不是储集层而是盖层,而沙三段火山岩多为有效储层,说明火山岩与互层沉积岩储层物性的相对高低是决定火山岩作为储层或者盖层的重要因素。     

辽河口湿地景观格局变化特征与驱动机制分析

在GIS/RS技术与景观格局分析软件FRAGSTATS的支持下,利用1988、1995、2001和2007年的4期TM遥感影像数据,对辽河口地区的湿地景观格局的动态变化特征进行了定量分析。结果表明:自1988年以来,辽河口地区的湿地类型发生了重大变化,主要表现在大量的自然湿地转化为人工湿地或人工景观,具体表现在转化为建筑用地、水稻田、养殖区。驱动力分析表明:年平均气温升高,降水量的减少是导致辽河口地区湿地变化的主要自然因素;人口的急剧增长,经济开发等人类干扰是引起变化的主要驱动力。     

变差函数在储层评价及开发中的应用:以杨家坝油田为例

目前江苏省杨家坝油田已进入高含水阶段且非均质性严重.为了满足油田开发后期的需要,并进一步改善油田开发效果,达到提高原油采收率的目的,需要精细描述单砂体储层的平面非均质性,研究平面非均质性对油田开发效果的影响.利用杨家坝油田的渗透率数据计算了不同层(重点按照沉积微相类型)变差函数的变程.通过变程反映变量的影响范围,对不同...     

牛圈湖油田西山窑组水驱油效率影响因素研究

物性较好且孔隙结构分选和连通性较好的储层,其驱油效率较高;在注水开发初期,提高注入压力和增加注入量,对驱油效率的影响较明显,当注入量超过3Pv之后,二者的增加对驱油效率的影响将明显减弱。     

鄂尔多斯盆地姬塬油田延长组原油性质与来源分析

通过原油与油田水物理性质、原油与烃源岩族组成、饱和烃气相色谱以及萜烷与甾烷等生物标志化合物特征的多项地球化学指标对比,表明鄂尔多斯盆地姬塬油田延长组长8、长6、长4+5等油层组原油性质较为复杂,其成熟度、母源氧化-还原环境及母质类型等方面存在显著差异。烃源岩评价也显示长9、长8、长7、长6、长4+5段的暗色泥岩有机质质量和类型有所差别,但均具备生排烃能力。油源对比结果进一步证明:成藏过程存在多套油源混源供油的成藏效应,其中长8油层组原油主要来源于长7—长8段烃源岩;长6油层组原油主要来源于长7—长6段烃源岩;长4+5油层组原油存在长7、长6及长4+5段多源烃源岩的贡献。     

塔河油气田AT1区块凝析气藏三维地质建模研究

以随机函数理论为基础,采用相控-多参数协同的随机建模方法,建立塔河油气田AT1区块凝析气藏三维地质模型,实现气藏精细三维表征。首先,以钻井和岩芯资料为基础构建储层构造模型;然后,以小层界面为控制条件建立储层结构模型;接着,在沉积相、地质条件的约束下,采用序贯指示模拟法来建立砂体骨架模型;随后,在砂体骨架模型内进行优势相计算,形成最终有效砂体骨架模型;最后,以有效砂体骨架模型为约束,采用序贯高斯模拟法建立储层物性参数模型。结果表明:将物性参数变量与微相分布结合的序贯高斯模拟法建立孔隙度等物性参数的分布模型,以及采用地质分析类比、地质统计分析等方法优选最佳模型是有效的地质建模方法;所建地质模型精确细致地表征了塔河油气田AT1区块凝析气藏构造格架及储层、流体三维分布,反映了辫状水道复合连片,东北向展布,储层物性受相控较明显,非均质性较强。     

Geochemistry and genesis on saturated hydrocarbon of crude oils in Gas Hure Oilfield in Qaidam Basin

Gas Hure Oilfield is the biggest one in the Qaidam Basin.Through intensive sampling and GC-MS analysis,the authors analyzed the geochemical characteristics of the crude oils in the Gas Hure Oilfield.The results show that the crude oils have even-odd carbon predominance for n-alkanes.In shallow reservoir,part of crude oils suffered biogenic degradation.As for normal oils,they have low Pr/Ph ratios with abundant gammacerane and C35 homohopane,which indicate that the crude oils are formed in strong reducing salt water environment.Compared deep(E13) reservoir with shallow(N1-N12) reservoir,the ancient salinity of sedimentary environment of N1--N12 crude oils is slightly higher than that of E13 crude oils;the C-21/C+22 ratios of crude oils are 1.02-1.71 with a higher abundance of C27 sterane,which shows that their mainly origin matrix are bacteria and algae;the C29 sterane 20S/(20S+20R)is generally low,the ratio in deep E13 reservoir distributes between 0.31 and 0.40,but in shallow reservoir is relatively low with 0.29-0.36.At the same time,C29 sterane αββ/(αββ+ααα)and Ts/Tm both are extremely lower.All the above show that the crude oils in Gas Hure are mainly low mature oils,although the maturity of deep reservoir crude oils is slightly higher than shallow one.