恩洪-老厂地区煤层气成藏条件研究

煤层气盆地、煤层气系统、煤层气区带的存在及发育程度是煤层气藏形成的充分与必要条件。恩洪盆地和老厂一圭山盆地老厂煤矿区具备了形成煤层气藏的条件。研究其形成煤层气藏的特定条件，总结其煤层气藏模式，是煤层气勘探目标评价的基础。     

辽河油田曙一区杜84块兴隆台油层构造应力场研究

根据辽河油田已有地层、构造资料，研究了杜84块构造格架、主要断裂特点，在此基础上,建立了构造应力场模拟的三维地质模型，用3D-σ软件进行了构造应力场三维有限元模拟研究。其结果表明，杜84块油层受构造应力状态为最大和中间主应力近水平，最小主应力垂直。在此应力场作用下，区内断层运动方式为正断兼水平扭动。三维有限元模拟计算结果表明，沿断层带均发生压应力和剪应力集中现象,从而有利于断层发生扭张性运动。位移分析表明，有明显的呈阶梯状组合的正断位移。据破坏率分析，在现有应力场作用下，油层所在岩体局部会产生裂缝。     

江苏镇江焦山索道上站滑坡治理中技术方法的应用

镇江市是江苏省滑坡地质灾害较为严重的城市,其地质灾害防治工作开展较早,积累了一定的防治管理经验。而焦山索道上站滑坡治理工程是多种滑坡治理技术方法和措施的综合应用,通过混凝土抗滑桩、锚索、锚杆、排水以及挂网喷播复绿等技术方式和措施的应用,成功地完成了焦山索道上站的滑坡治理工程,为镇江市其他滑坡地质灾害的治理提供了一定的参考借鉴作用。     

Explorations into the formal structure of drainage basins

Every basin of higher than first order is drained by a channel network composed of two subnetworks. Their basins are separated by a drainage divide line, called the basin divider, which is the primary organizing feature of the main basin. Each basin of magnitude n contains n – 1 subnetworks of higher order, and is therefore organized by a set of n – 1 dividers. The dividers and the basin boundary are interconnected in a graph called the divider network of the basin; in graph-theoretic terms this network forms a tree and has the same magnitude and link numbers as the channel network draining the basin. While the subbasins and subnetworks of a drainage basin form a nesting hierarchy, the corresponding dividers do not; indeed, any two dividers share at most one node in common, and whether they do so is independent of whether the corresponding subbasins are nesting or disjoint. However, the dividers of nesting basins are linked by recursive relationships which permit the derivation of a set of algebraic equations; these equations relate the dividers of a basin to other basin components; for example, their combined length is equal to half the length of all first-order basin boundaries minus the length of the main basin boundary. The second part of the paper explores the dependence of the divider length on other basin parameters. The expected length, as predicted by the assumption of topological randomness, is clearly rejected by the data. An alternative approach (regression) is based on the observed magnitudes of the subbasins separated by each divider, and is reasonably successful in estimating divider length. The last section introduces the concept of the standardized basin defined by a boundary length of unity; the estimated lengths of the basin divider and the basin boundary permit an approximate reconstruction of the idealized basin shape and the location of the divider in it.     

Applications of the random model of drainage basin composition

The random model of drainage basin composition is founded on the assumptions that (a) natural channels are topologically random in the absence of geological controls and (b) for channel networks developed in similar environments, the exterior and interior link lengths are independent random variables with a common distribution for each type. The effectiveness of this model in estimating the values of geomorphic variables and in explaining and predicting geomorphic relationships is illustrated by several examples. The data required for these examples were obtained from map studies of 30 channel networks, comprising a total of about 8700 links, in eastern Kentucky. A common factor in the success of all three applications of the model is the way in which the planimetric features of drainage basins are determined by their underlying topologic structure.     

Expériences de drainage et estimation de paramètres en milieu poreux non saturé

Two drainage experiments were carried out to identify the hydraulic parameters of a quartz sand by using inverse modelling. Our results, based on sensitivity and error analyses, show that (i) water content measurements are essential to estimate the parameters of the van Genuchten–Mualem retention curve, (ii) the saturated conductivity ($K_{\mathrm{s}}$) has a low sensitivity to pressure data and is not sensitive to other measures (water content and measured outflow), (iii) the inverse approach can be verified by comparing the simulated outflow to the measured one. To cite this article: H. Beydoun, F. Lehmann, C. R. Geoscience 338 (2006).     

天津滨海新区地下空间开发适宜性评价

依据现有研究成果,本文论述了天津滨海新区工程地质背景.选取淤泥质土厚度、20 m以浅粉砂土分布、第Ⅰ海相层底板埋深、地面沉降、地下水腐蚀性为评价因子,采用层次分析和综合评分数学模型,对滨海新区非明开挖及时支护的线性地下空间工程进行了适宜性评价.评价结果表明,区内东部沿海边一带地下空间开发适宜性较差,盾构施工及支护难度较大,占总面积的24%;西部、南部及北部地下空间开发适宜性较好,盾构施工及支护难度小,占总面积的46%;其余区域为一般区,盾构施工及支护难度中等,占总面积的30%.     

辽河油田D块中—厚层稠油油藏隔夹层的分类及识别

充分利用研究区Ng油层、XLT油层取芯井的岩芯资料和测井等资料,识别并划分出不同类型的隔夹层。研究区主要发育泥质隔夹层、物性隔夹层和砾岩隔夹层,以泥质隔夹层和物性隔夹层为主。从定性和定量两方面采用多学科、多信息对该区的隔夹层进行精细研究,建立隔夹层识别的定性、定量识别标准,为隔夹层的精细刻画奠定基础,为提高稠油热采开发效果提供地质依据     

煤矿排水对枣庄市清凉泉水源地污染作用分析

近年来,随着枣庄市陶枣矿区煤矿资源的大规模开发,矿坑排水对矿区地下水资源及生态环境产生的负面影响愈发突出,尤其是矿坑水沿地表河流排放途中,通过灰岩“天窗”大量灌入岩溶地下水中,造成地处煤田下游的清凉泉水源地水质遭受明显污染,供水水质难以保证。根据矿坑排水量、水源地水质、开采现状等分析认为,对串层污染进行封堵和控制矿坑水排放渠道是防治水源地污染的有效措施。     

西北干旱区水资源约束下城市化过程及生态效应研究的理论探讨

城市化是西北干旱区实现小康目标的必由之路,然而最大的自然障碍因素是水资源严重短缺。现实的城市化与水资源及生态环境保护之间存在着各种矛盾与胁迫。从城市化过程及其生态效应研究的重要性出发,透过对国内外研究进展的分析与评述,把水资源作为西北干旱区先决约束条件。提出了水资源约束下西北干旱区城市化过程及其生态效应的研究思路,包括选择水资源变化过程与城市化过程之间相互胁迫的驱动因子,揭示水资源变化对城市化过程的胁迫机制与规律;分析城市化过程引起的与水相关的生态效应;建立城市化过程及其生态效应预警指标体系。对不同强度水资源约束下城市化过程进行动态预警和情景分析;选择最节水的城市化发展模式和建设节水型城镇体系等。进而为加快西北干旱区城市化发展进程、改善干旱区生态环境、实现小康目标提供科学的决策依据。