海湾围填海适宜性评估与示范研究

基于环境经济学和统计学的基础理论和评估方法,确定了船舶工业用海、港口用海、旅游娱乐用海、其它工业用海等重点用海行业,构建了适用于我国海湾的围填海适宜性评价体系,具体包括海岸、动力、冲淤、生物和水质等5个方面适宜性条件指标;在此基础上,测算确定了我国海湾围填海的区位适宜性参数和资源环境适宜性参数;最后,以海州湾北侧为例进...     

辽东地块的构造分解

辽吉地区早前寒武纪基底过去一直作为胶辽隆起的一部分,后者又是统一的华北地台二级构造单元。“七五”期间的研究表明,它们可能由许多古构造地体组成。在辽吉地区,本溪—浑江大断裂实际上是一个古地体的拼贴构造带,断裂两侧太古宙—早元古宙时期地史发展截然不同。鞍本地区的BIF亦是一个独立的构造地体,它们都是在早元古宙末期拼贴完成的,一系列地质事实可以作证。中生代以来的所谓地台活化作用实质上正是由于原先的地体拼贴构造带成为后来的构造薄弱带,从而导致中生代的构造—岩浆活动。     

Study on headland-bay sandy coast stability in South China coasts

Headland-bay beach equilibrium planform has been a crucial problem abroad to long-term sandy beach evolution and stabilization,extensively applied to forecast long-term coastal erosion evolvement and the influences of coastal engineering as well as long-term coastal management and protection.However,little concern focuses on this in China.The parabolic relationship is the most widely used empirical relationship for determining the static equilibrium shape of headland-bay beaches.This paper utilizes the relation to predict and classify 31 headland-bay beaches and concludes that these bays cannot achieve the ultimate static equilibrium planform in South China.The empirical bay equation can morphologically estimate beach stabilization state,but it is just a referential predictable means and is difficult to evaluate headland-bay shoreline movements in years and decades.By using Digital Shoreline Analysis System suggested by USGS,the rates of shoreline recession and accretion of these different headland-bay beaches are quantitatively calculated from 1990 to 2000.The conclusions of this paper include that (a) most of these 31 bays maintain relatively stable and the rates of erosion and accretion are relatively large with the impact of man-made constructions on estuarine within these bays from 1990 to 2000;(b) two bays,Haimen Bay and Hailingshan Bay,originally in the quasi-static equilibrium planform determined by the parabolic bay shape equation,have been unstable by the influence of coastal engineering;and (c) these 31 bays have different recession and accretion characters occurring in some bays and some segments.On the one hand,some bays totally exhibit accretion,but some bays show erosion on the whole.Shanwei Bay,Houmen Bay,Pinghai Bay and Yazhou Bay have the similar planforms,characterized by less accretion on the sheltering segment and bigger accretion on the transitional and tangential segments.On the other hand,different segments of some bays have two dissimilar evolvement characters.Dacheng Bay,Shenquan Bay,Hudong Bay,Wukan Bay,Fengjia Bay,Wuchang Bay,Lingshui Bay and Tufu Bay produce accretion on the tangential segment,erosion on the transitional segment and accretion on the sheltering segment.However,Guang’ao Bay,Haimen Bay,Jinghai Bay,Sanya Bay(a),Dajiao Bay,Hailingshan Bay,Hebei Bay,Fuhu Bay,Shuidong Bay,Wangcun Bay and Bomao Bay generate erosion on the tangential part,accretion on the transitional part and accretion on the sheltering part.It seems to imply some relations between headland-bay beach evolvement and controls on headland-bay beaches,which may possibly to classify headland-bay beach types and should be further studied.     

最近30年来人类活动对莱州湾南岸地貌过程及海水入侵的影响

以1979年以来4个时相的遥感影像为主要信息源,在野外地貌调查和验证的基础上,采用RS、GIS技术并引入景观空间分析方法,通过目视解译提取莱州湾南岸不同时期的地貌信息,分析了人类活动对海岸带地貌过程及海水入侵的影响.结果表明,最近30年来海岸带地貌整体表现为景观多样性指数、均匀度指数先升高后下降的趋势,表明海岸带地貌的...     

Quantitative aspects of inorganic nutrient fluxes in the Gazi Bay (Kenya): implications for coastal ecosystems

Fluxes of dissolved inorganic nutrients: NH4+, NO2-, NO3-, PO4(3-) and Si(OH)4 from nearshore sediments of Gazi Bay were measured in situ within mangrove, seagrass and coral reef biotopes using benthic flux bell-jar chambers of cross-sectional area 0.066 m2 and volume 0.0132 m3. The objectives were: (1) to determine the influence of benthic fluxes, fluvial discharge and seasonal variations on the nutrient budget in the Bay waters; (2) to determine the effect of tidal and spatial variations on nutrient loads in the water column and (3) to establish the relative importance of the nutrient sources with regard to total community production of the Bay. The directly measured fluxes ranged from -270 to +148 micromol NH4+-N/m2/h; -60 to +63 micromol NO2(-)-N/m2/h; -79 to +41 micromol NO3(-)-N/m2/h; -79 to +75 micromol PO4(3-)-P/m2/h and +30 to +350 micromol Si(OH)4-Si/m2/h for and respectively. It was established that benthic fluxes are the major sources of dissolved inorganic NH4+, NO2- and Si(OH)4 while fluvial sources are important for NO3- and PO4(3-) into Gazi Bay waters. Seasonal variations had an appreciable effect on the PO4(3-) fluxes, N:Si ratio, river nutrient discharge, plankton productivity and important environmental factors such as salinity and temperature. Tidal and spatial variations had no significant effect on nutrient concentrations and net fluxes within the water column. The results imply that benthic fluxes are largely responsible for the nutrient dynamics of the nearshore coastal ecosystems especially where direct terrestrial inputs do not contribute significantly to the nutrient budget.     

志留纪宁强组碳酸盐岩台地的时空演变及宁强湾的封闭

志留纪兰多维列世时扬子地台的陆表海的各部分先后上升为陆,至特列奇期末仅在局部地区残留海湾,其西北缘的宁强湾就是其中之一。在相当于ｇｒｉｅｓｔｏｎｅｎｓｉｓ带上部和ｓｐｉｒａｌｉｓ－ｇｒａｎｄｉｓ笔石带的宁强组内沉积了２０００多米厚的泥页岩夹碳酸盐岩,底栖生态组合指示的深度浅于潮下带下部。基底的快速沉降和来自周缘不同时期隆起区陆源碎屑的强烈均衡补偿充填是宁强湾沉积的主要特征。宁强湾开口于西面的广海,其它三面由大巴山率先升隆区和西乡上升区环绕,在陆源碎屑干扰较弱的时期和地点形成了局限碳酸盐岩台地的沉积建造。宁强组碳酸盐岩地层可分为８个主要形成期,每期形成的局限台地在不同部位发育了各种类型的生物岩隆,各期碳酸盐岩台地都是由于大量陆源碎屑泥质的盖覆而结束。宁强组的顶界从东北向西南穿时,指示了扬子地台西北缘在特列奇期末由东北而西南的最后抬升过程。     

广东汕头市内海湾沉积物重金属环境质量调查与评价

内海湾底泥沉积物的环境质量状况与水生生物的生存和人体健康关系密切。在广东汕头市内海湾两岸23个点位采集了表层(0~20 cm)和深层(100~120 cm)底泥沉积物样品46件,对其pH值和Cd、Hg、As、Pb、Cr、Cu、Zn计7项重金属及K含量进行测试分析,调查底泥中这些重金属的含量特征,并参照农用地水田土壤污染风险管控标准对重金属环境污染质量进行评价。结果表明汕头内海湾底泥沉积物的pH介于7.00~8.82之间,平均值为7.83,在46件样品中41件样品的pH值大于7.5。内海湾底泥中7项重金属元素的含量均明显低于环境污染风险管制值,即对该区底泥重金属环境污染不需要管制。Cd、As、Pb、Cr这4项重金属含量均低于污染风险筛选值,其污染风险可以忽略。2件表层样品的Hg含量值高于污染风险筛选值,18件样品的Cu和Zn含量值高于污染风险筛选值,因此建议对底泥中Cu、Zn、Hg含量进行环境质量监测。K含量介于0.70%~2.59%,平均值为1.54%。基于表层底泥和深层底泥元素含量对比分析,认为该区Hg污染来源应为人为源;Cu、Zn的污染来源一部分为人为源,另一部分可能为人为源、自然源或二者的混合源。     

辽东湾北部浅海区现代冲淤动态分析

通过对辽东湾北部浅海区现代动力分析，本文对该区岸线变化、潮滩冲淤以及水下动态进行了初步分析。用细粒级沉积物堆积的沉积延迟效应理论论来解释该区西部岸线向海推移和潮滩淤积。水下部分－１—－３ｍ处为波浪破碎区和潮流强烈作用区，受到侵蚀和冲刷，并且悬浮的泥沙几岸和深水区运移，形成两个稳定堆积区。     

盐湖沉积改造与地下卤水成因——以库车和渤海湾盆地为例

2015年在新疆库车盆地发现高钾盐泉水,进一步为库车盆地地下钾盐找矿提供了线索。为探讨地下卤水成因,结合渤海湾盆地总结了受断裂活动控制发育的古盐湖底辟构造的盐湖沉积改造模式。控制盐体改造的断裂带及后期发育的断裂系为地下卤水的沟通和混合提供了空间和通道,从而影响地下卤水的矿化度和化学组分。氢氧同位素特征揭示：库车盆地高钾盐泉水的水体来源主要为当地大气降水,而钾的物质来源与古盐湖析盐后期浓缩卤水或地下固体钾盐的溶解有关;渤海湾盆地地层水则继承了古盐湖沉积卤水,后期接受水岩反应、浅层水体掺杂等改造作用,最终形成矿化度分布具有极大差异性的地层水。沉积盐体的“古凹今隆”决定着钾盐的沉积、分异变形改造和保存,隆起盐体的次级凹陷及陡坡一侧是高矿化度卤水储存及钾盐矿物沉积的有利部位,值得关注和深入研究。     

张屯嘴-丁家嘴沿岸现代沉积和水动力研究

黄岛东部海岸狭长,张屯嘴—丁家嘴沿岸岸线曲折、沉积现象丰富,为典型的现代海岸和海湾沉积,包括基岩海岸、砂砾质海岸、海湾、人工堤坝海岸等多种类型。通过对研究区域现代沉积背景和海岸带的研究,从沉积物样品粒度分析入手,研究了海岸带不同沉积区的现代沉积物质来源、近岸和区域水动力条件。认为受基岩出露差异、胶州湾涨落潮和区域构造背景的影响,区域上由北向南沉积物粒度整体变细,张屯嘴至鱼鸣嘴一带海岸受多种水动力条件影响,唐岛湾内水动力较为单一。