阿拉善断块富碱侵入岩岩石地球化学和Nd、Sr、Pb同位素特征及其意义

阿拉善断块富碱侵入岩具有硅过饱和(出现石英,w(SiO2)=62.01%~67.28%)、准铝(w(Al2O3)=12.20%~16.83%)、富碱(w(Na2O) +w(K2O) = 11. 14% ~ 14. 18%,里特曼指数σ= 6. 40 ~ 8. 65)、富钾(w(K2O)/w(Na2O)=1.01~1.79)和低铁、镁的特征。总稀土较高,稀土配分曲线呈陡右倾模式。微量元素强烈富集LILE和LREE,相对亏损Nb、Ta、Ti 和P。上述特征以及低钕(ε(Nd,t) = - 7. 3 ~ - 9. 4)高锶(ε(Sr,t)=+53.9~+99.9)的同位素特征反映物质来源主要与富集型上地幔有关,但受到不同程度壳源物质的混染作用。Nd、Sr、Pb联合示踪表明阿拉善断块富碱侵入岩与华北断块北缘印支期富碱侵入岩带具有相似性,但不同于塔里木北缘富碱侵入岩。结合时空分布、同位素组成以及所处的构造动力学体系等因素将阿拉善断块富碱侵入岩和燕辽—阴山印支期富碱性侵入岩带划归为同一印支期富碱性侵入岩带。指出至少到晚古生代—印支期时阿拉善断块已经与华北断块构成了一个整体。     

拉萨河流域近50 年来径流变化趋势分析

以拉萨水文站以上流域为研究区, 基于拉萨水文站和唐加水文站的水文实测数据和当雄 县等3 个气象站的气候观测数据, 统计分析了1956~2003 年研究区径流的年内、年际变化, 利用 Mann- Kendall 趋势分析法和Pettitt 变点检验法分析了拉萨河流域径流的变化特征, 采用多元回 归方法分析了气候因素( 气温、降水) 对径流变化的影响。结果表明: ( 1) 研究时段内, 径流年际变 化波动较大, 在1970 年前后径流发生了较大的突变, 呈现出明显的增加趋势, 尤以近20 年来的 趋势最大; 月均径流的年际变化中, 有增加趋势的主要分布在冬半年( 11～4 月) 和夏半年的个别 月份( 5、7、9 月) ; ( 2) 流域内气候变化趋势与径流变化趋势基本一致, 但不同月/年均径流受不同 气候因素影响, 主要表现在年平均尺度上受降水影响较大, 在月平均尺度上, 夏半年径流增加趋 势受降水增加影响较大, 而冬半年径流变化则主要与气温有较显著相关性, 其主要原因可能是全 球变暖导致冰川融水增加。     

中扬子区东南缘下组合天然气勘探潜力分析

中扬子区东南缘震旦纪-早奥陶世处于被动大陆边缘坡折带附近,各种相带频繁交替,生储盖组合配置良好。印支期以来受SN向褶皱造山的影响,后期改造强烈,东部的崇阳-通山地区发育自南向北的逆冲推覆构造,西部桑植-石门地区构造变形较弱,以宽缓的复向斜为主。根据原型盆地分析及基本石油地质条件初步评价,认为桑植-石门复向斜的中部弱变形区及崇阳-通山推覆构造的下盘弱变形区(原地体)是较为有利的勘探区带,桥头、中湖等局部构造是有利的勘探目标。     

准噶尔盆地中S区西山窑组沉积微相与油气勘探

准噶尔盆地中部S区块是老油盆的新区块,其重点勘探层位西山窑组,已有工业性油气产出.综合分析了沉积微相与油气勘探的关系,采用"点-线-面"的立体空间研究思路,作出了三维的微相划分和相关的4种有利储层类型划分.中S区西山窑组沉积特征是,整体处于水退的环境中,兼有短期的水进,其中Y1井区主要经历了浅湖-湖沼-辫状河三角洲前缘-滨湖相,最有利微相是2砂组的辫状河三角洲前缘水下分流河道.     

Regional deterministic characterization of fracture networks and its application to GIS-based rock fall risk assessment

The study investigates the possibility to incorporate fracture intensity and block geometry as spatially continuous parameters in GIS-based systems. For this purpose, a deterministic method has been implemented to estimate block size (Bloc3D) and joint frequency (COLTOP). In addition to measuring the block size, the Bloc3D Method provides a 3D representation of the shape of individual blocks. These two methods were applied using field measurements (joint set orientation and spacing) performed over a large field area, in the Swiss Alps. This area is characterized by a complex geology, a number of different rock masses and varying degrees of metamorphism. The spatial variability of the parameters was evaluated with regard to lithology and major faults. A model incorporating these measurements and observations into a GIS system to assess the risk associated with rock falls is proposed. The analysis concludes with a discussion on the feasibility of such an application in regularly and irregularly jointed rock masses, with persistent and impersistent discontinuities.     

西藏拉萨地块中—新生代火山岩中多硅白云母捕虏晶特征及其地质意义

在西藏班戈县德庆区纳木错西岸则弄群火山岩剖面中一段流纹质熔结凝灰岩岩石,西藏堆龙德庆县门堆乡帕那组火山岩剖面三段流纹质晶屑玻屑凝灰岩,以及西藏林周县强嘎乡帕那组火山岩剖面二段流纹质熔结凝灰岩中,发现了多硅白云母捕虏晶。多硅白云母捕虏晶的矿物成分分析结果显示其Si阳离子数为3.294~3.485,Al阳离子数为2.024~2.419,属于比较典型的高压/超高压岩石中常见的白云母。这一特征暗示早白垩世与始新世拉萨地块南北下地壳应该存在高压变质岩或发生过强烈构造挤压导致的高压变质作用。     

SHRIMP U–Pb zircon geochronology and geochemistry of metavolcanic and metasedimentary rocks in Northwestern Fujian, Cathaysia block, China: Tectonic implications and the need to redefine lithostratigraphic units

Northwestern Fujian Province is one of the most important Pre-Palaeozoic areas in the Cathaysia Block of South China. Metavolcano-sedimentary and metasedimentary rocks of different types, ages and metamorphic grades (granulite to upper greenschist facies) are present, and previously were divided into several Formations and Groups. Tectonic contacts occur between some units, whereas (deformed) unconformities have been reported between others. New SHRIMP U–Pb zircon ages presented here indicate that the original lithostratigraphy and the old “Group” and “Formation” terminology should be abandoned. Thus the “Tianjingping Formation” was not formed in the Archaean or Palaeoproterozoic, as previously considered, but must be younger than its youngest detrital zircons (1790 Ma) but older than regional metamorphism (460 Ma). Besides magmatic zircon ages of 807 Ma obtained from metavolcano-sedimentary rocks of the “Nanshan Formation” and 751–728 Ma for the “Mamianshan Group”, many inherited and detrital zircons with ages ranging from 1.0 to 0.8 Ga were also found in them. These ages indicate that the geological evolution of the study area may be related to the assembly and subsequent break-up of the Rodinia supercontinent. The new zircon results poorly constrain the age of the “Mayuan Group” as Neoproterozoic to early Palaeozoic (728–458 Ma), and not Palaeoproterozoic as previously thought. Many older inherited and detrital zircons with ages of 3.6, 2.8, 2.7, 2.6–2.5, 2.0–1.8 and 1.6 Ga were found in this study. A 3.6 Ga detrital grain is the oldest one so far identified in northwestern Fujian Province as well as throughout the Cathaysia Block. Nd isotope t_DM values of eight volcano-sedimentary and clastic sedimentary rock samples centre on 2.73–1.68 Ga, being much older than the formation ages of their protoliths and thus showing that the recycling of older crust played an important role in their formation. These rocks underwent high grade metamorphism in the early Palaeozoic (458–425 Ma) during an important tectono-thermal event in the Cathaysia Block.     

Proterozoic granulite facies metamorphism in the southeastern Reynolds Range, central Australia: geological context, P–T path and overprinting relationships

In the southeastern Reynolds Range, central Australia, a low- P granulite facies metamorphism affected two sedimentary sequences: the Lander Rock Beds and the Reynolds Range Group. In the context of the whole of the Reynolds Range and the adjacent Anmatjira Range, this metamorphism is M3 in a sequence M1–4 that occurred over a period of 250 Ma. In particular, M1 affected the Lander Rock Beds prior to the deposition of the Reynolds Group. M3 has an areally restricted, high-grade area in the southeastern Reynolds Range, affecting both the Reynolds Range Group and the underlying Lander Rock Beds. The effects of M3 are characterized by spinel + quartz-bearing peak metamorphic assemblages in metapelites, which imply peak conditions of ≥750°C and 4.5 ± 1 kbar, and involved isobaric cooling or compression with cooling. It is concluded that one of a series of thermal perturbations caused by thinning of mantle lithosphere contemporaneous with crustal thickening was responsible for M3. In the southeastern Reynolds Range, evidence of both the unconformity between the two rock groups and previous metamorphism/deformation has been completely erased by recrystallization during M3–D3.     

云南南部及其邻区志留系对比

对云南南部墨江、绿春、金平等地志留纪地层及所含化石的分析、对比表明 ,该地区与东面的华南板块和西面的滇缅马板块存在显著差异 ,而与越南马江以西地区相似 ,因而应属于印支板块。根据广西玉林、钦州地区志留系与越南中部地层的相似性 ,及其与华南板块相应地层的差别 ,该地区可能也属印支板块 ,但后来随着冈瓦纳大陆的向北漂移和解体而分开 ,并最终与华南板块碰撞拼合。滇西保山、潞西地区的志留系与缅甸东部、泰国、马来西亚西部相似 ,应同属滇缅马板块。本文还对墨江—绿春—金平—老挝东部—越南中部一带的早古生代地层序列进行了对比 ,结果显示 ,从南到北最老的沉积盖层在形成时间上由老递新 ,这表明奥陶纪—泥盆纪期间印支板块和华南板块之间可能存在一个从东南向西北逐渐拉张的洋盆 ,在洋盆的西缘斜坡上沉积了早古生代地层 ,该洋盆在早石炭世随印支板块与华南板块的碰撞而闭合