新元古时期中国华南和华北陆块的相对位置及构造意义

作者试图抛开Rodinia超大陆的概念,从我国现有的新元古—早古生代的古地磁数据出发,利用挪威地质调查所提供的“GMAP”程序作图,探讨新元古时期华南和华北陆块的古位置及它们之间的关系,以及与澳大利亚的相对位置。     

阿尔金活动断裂带的运动学和动力学特征

位于喜马拉雅碰撞带后陆的阿尔金活动断裂带,是自西向东逐步形成的左旋走滑断裂。早期以逆冲活动为主,晚期以走滑活动为主。距今0.35Ma(中更新世)以来,平均左旋走滑速率为4.9±0.4mm/a,平均水平错动量是垂直错动量的12.3倍。晚更新世晚期至全新世时期发生过5次古地震,平均复现期为800年左右。     

Dating of detrital zircon grains and fossils from Late Palaeozoic sediments of the Baruo area,Tibet: constraints on the Late Palaeozoic evolution of the Lhasa terrane

ABSTRACT

To determine the Late Palaeozoic evolution of the Lhasa terrane, we report the results of field mapping, petrological and fossil investigations, and U–Pb dating of detrital zircon grains (n = 474) from lower-greenschist-facies clastic rocks of the Lagar Formation in the Baruo area, Tibet. Our results indicate that the Lagar Formation was deposited during the Late Carboniferous to Early Permian in a shallow-marine environment on the northern margin of Gondwana. Glacial marine diamictites are common within the Lagar Formation and record glaciation of Gondwana during the Late Palaeozoic. Moreover, the detrital materials of the Lagar formation originated mostly from the collision orogenic belt. The ages of detrital zircon grains from the Lagar Formation make up five main groups with ages of 410–540 Ma, 550–650 Ma, 800–1100 Ma, 1600–1800 Ma, and 2300–2500 Ma, which display three characteristic age peaks at ~1150, 2390 and 2648 Ma. We tentatively suggest that the Lhasa terrane was a shallow-marine basin under the influence of the Gondwanan glaciation during the Late Carboniferous–Early Permian.     

Coals of the Brazil Formation (Pennsylvanian) in Indiana: observations of correlation inconsistencies and their implications

The coals of the upper part of the Mansfield, Brazil, and the lower part of the Staunton Formations (Atokan and Desmoinesian, Pennsylvanian) in Indiana (Illinois Basin) are characteristically thin and discontinuous. As a result, problems with correlation and identification of the seams have persisted for both researchers and industry. These discrepancies affect coal exploration, mine planning, and subsequently coal-fired utilities. This study presents exploration and operational examples demonstrating some of the correlation problems associated with the coals of the Brazil Formation, and the Upper Block and Lower Block, in particular, and the surrounding upper part of the Mansfield Formation and lower part of the Staunton Formations. Based on exploration boreholes, mine scale observations, and coal quality and petrographic data, this study suggests that (1) the coal mapped as the Upper Block Coal Member of Clay County may, in fact, be the same seam as the Lower Block Coal Member of Daviess County; and (2) the Lower Block coal of Clay County is not present south of the Switz City area of central Greene County, IN.     

西藏拉萨地区生态环境建设的社会经济措施

人类活动，特别是不合理的资源开发与利用方式是产生生态环境问题的根源之一，因而，生态环境建设也必须辅以一系列的社会、经济、制度措施，才能保证其顺利实施。拉萨地区正面临着草地退化、土地沙化、灌木林破坏、湿地退化等主要环境问题。产生这些问题的原因，除了自然环境本身的作用之外，人口快速增长、经济无序扩张、管理体制不完善和草地建设落后，则是造成这些生态环境问题的主要社会经济根源。本文在分析上述原因的基础上，提出了控制农村地区人口增长、完善草地管理、加快草场建设、实行农牧结合、合理规划城市建设用地等社会、经济和制度方面的措施，以保证生态环境建设的经济可行性和社会可接受性。     

拉萨地区生物有效紫外辐射初步分析

根据1996～1998年由NILUV紫外辐射仪在西藏拉萨地区观测的紫外辐射资料,分析了青藏高原拉萨地区生物有效辐射的分布特征.结果表明,1997年日正午最大生物有效紫外辐射剂量率(UV dose rate)达到500mW m-2,最小值为9.7 mW m-2;晴天时生物有效辐射剂量率的日变化呈规则曲线,且早晚小,中午大;一年中紫外辐射变化的总趋势是由太阳天顶角决定的,紫外辐射的日变化和年变化是其最主要、最基本的变化;西藏拉萨地区的月平均红斑辐射剂量明显高于全球其他同纬度地区.     

扬子陆块早奥陶世末期—中奥陶世Darriwilian初期沉积分异

研究表明 ,扬子陆块早奥陶世末期至中奥陶世 Darriwilian初期各类沉积呈明显带状分布 ,但南北两侧沉积带分布并不对称。各沉积带总体走向为南西—北东向 ,不同阶段沉积带类型及位置略有变化。自古陆向东南方向 ,早奥陶世末期—中奥陶世初期依次发育近岸砂砾质沉积带 ,近岸砂质、泥质沉积带 ;内陆架泥质夹碳酸盐沉积带 ;浅外陆架碳酸盐夹泥质沉积带 ,含铁泥质碳酸盐沉积带 ,边缘碳酸盐沉积带 ;深外陆架斜坡泥质夹砂质、碳酸盐沉积带 ,泥质夹粉砂质沉积带 ,泥质、碳质沉积带。中奥陶世早期至 Darriwilian初期演变为近岸白云质与陆源碎屑沉积带 ;内陆架碳酸盐与泥、砂质沉积带 ;浅外陆架碳酸盐夹泥质沉积带 ,含铁泥质碳酸盐沉积带 ,边缘碳酸盐沉积带 ;深外陆架斜坡泥质夹砂质、碳酸盐沉积带 ,泥质夹粉砂质沉积带 ,泥质、碳质沉积带。扬子陆块北缘早奥陶世末期—中奥陶世初期发育浅外陆架粉砂质、泥质、碳酸盐沉积带 ,边缘碳酸盐沉积带 ;中奥陶世早期至 Darriwilian初期则包括浅外陆架碳酸盐沉积带 ,粉砂质、泥质 ,外陆架碳酸盐沉积带 ,边缘碳酸盐沉积带     

华北陆块东部晚中生代基性岩浆作用的地球化学研究

华北陆块晚中生代(早白垩世)基性火成岩沿着郯庐断裂带存在显著的元素-同位素地球化学分区。其西侧(鲁西区)火成岩在主量元素上以高Mg、Fe和低Al、Ti为特征,在微量元素上富集LILE、LREE和强烈亏损HFSE(Nb、Zr、Hf、Ti和P),同时显示出EM1型Sr-Nd同位素组成;其东侧(鲁东区)火成岩则相对低Mg、Fe和高Al、Ti,在微量元素上也表现出LILE、LREE富集和Nb、P亏损的特征,Ti、Zr、Hf异常不明显,并表现出EM1+EM2的Sr-Nd同位素组成。鲁西区基性火成岩源于陆内岩石圈伸展-减薄作用下古老而富集的岩石圈地幔减压部分熔融作用的结果,鲁东区则为被俯冲陆壳物质改造的富集岩石圈地幔减压部分熔融作用产物。中生代华北陆下岩石圈地幔性质仍为古老富集型地幔,因此至少在早白垩世前不可能存在地幔柱作用和大规模的下地壳拆沉作用。     

喜马拉雅块体现今运动学特征的地震矩张量反演分析

利用地震矩张量反演计算了喜马拉雅块体地震主应变率，应变率主方向以及变形速率，探讨了喜马拉雅块体现了形变特征，并与GPS形变监测结果以及地震结果进行了比较分析。地震矩张量反演结果表明，喜马拉雅块体不仅有南北向的压缩变形，而且有显著的东西向拉张运动，其变形量级与GPS形变监测结果，地质资料得出的结果基本一致，与珠峰地区GPS计算结果获得的该地区的应变趋势基本一致。     

Early and Middle Permian paleoclimates of the Baoshan Block, western Yunnan, China: insight from carbonates

In Permian times the Baoshan Block of western Yunnan, southwest China formed the eastern part of the Cimmerian Continent. Most biogeographical and sedimentological data indicate that the Early Permian Dingjiazhai Formation formed on the block under conditions strongly influenced by the Permo-Carboniferous glaciation. After Early Permian rifting, with post-glaciation climatic amelioration, and as the Baoshan Block drifted northwards to approach South China and Indochina, faunal elements characteristic of Gondwana affinity decreased, while those of Cathaysian affinity increased. Finally, Late Permian faunas are characterized by exclusively Cathaysian elements. This shift of marine provinciality becomes an important indicator in understanding the Permian paleoclimatic evolution of the region. This research investigated the composition of carbonate grain associations and the early diagenetic features of limestones from the upper part of the Dingjiazhai Formation, and from the overlying Yongde and Shazipo formations. A sharp distinction in petrological and diagenetic features is recognized between the Dingjiazhai Formation and the two overlying formations. The Dingjiazhai carbonates are characterized by the bryonoderm (bryozoan-echinoderm)-extended facies of the heterozoan association, with no non-skeletal grains. Because early diagenetic cement was rarely formed, the Dingjiazhai carbonates experienced strong diagenetic compaction. In contrast, the Yongde and Shazipo carbonates show a chloroforam facies of photozoan association, with the common occurrence of non-skeletal grains. These carbonates were well cemented during early diagenetic processes. From comparison with Permian cool-water carbonates from northern Pangea and Tasmania, Australia, the Dingjiazhai carbonates are interpreted as deposits of warm-temperate conditions, while the overlying carbonates are considered to be deposits of subtropical or tropical conditions. This climatic interpretation, based on the petrographic features of the Permian carbonates, agrees well with existing biogeographical data from the region.