拉萨地体东南部林芝杂岩形成与变质演化的锆石U-Pb年代学限定

本文对拉萨地体东南部林芝地区分布的变质岩进行了岩相学和锆石年代学研究。结果表明,林芝杂岩中的变质沉积岩主要由片麻岩和片岩组成,它们经历了中压角闪岩相变质作用。变质岩中的锆石多由继承的碎屑岩浆核和新生的变质边组成。继承锆石核给出了新太古代至晚古生代的年龄范围,其主要年龄峰值在～1560Ma、～1190Ma、～620Ma和～340Ma,而锆石变质边给出了53Ma和27Ma的变质年龄。这一结果表明,林芝杂岩中的变质沉积岩很可能形成在古生代,其物质源区具有Grenville和Pan-Africa期造山作用的构造热事件记录。这一研究和已有的成果进一步证明,拉萨地体起源于Gondwana大陆北缘,在新生代印度与欧亚大陆的碰撞/俯冲过程中,拉萨地体作为俯冲带的上盘经历了多期变质作用改造。本研究为拉萨地体起源与多期构造演化提供了重要信息。     

华北克拉通山西省晚石炭世基性岩墙成因：锆石U-Pb年龄、地球化学和Sr-Nd同位素证据

作为岩石圈伸展拉张背景侵位的特征岩石,基性岩墙群（煌斑岩、辉绿岩和辉绿玢岩等）地质和地球化学研究日益受到地质研究者的关注。研究显示,基性岩墙在全球范围主要分布在美国、加拿大、巴西、澳大利亚和中国等地区,且年代格架主要集中在前寒武纪时期（2.4Ga、2.1Ga、1.8Ga、1.4Ga、1.0Ga）。目前,国内中生代以来基性岩墙群主要出露于华北克拉通、华南、西藏和塔里木盆地。本研究基性岩墙来自山西省大同附近,对于该套岩墙,本文给出了锆石U-Pb定年、地球化学和Sr-Nd同位素证据。LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年龄为293Ma,岩石具有变化较小的主元素变化特征（SiO₂=50.78%~51.35%,TiO₂=2.16%~2.32%,Al₂O₃=14.53%~15.08%,Fe₂O₃=12.42%~12.66%,MnO=0.13%~0.16%,MgO=5.14%~5.35%,CaO=7.93%~8.25%,Na₂O=3.52%~3.78%,K₂O=1.01%~1.14%和P₂O₅=0.24%~0.36%）。另外,基性岩墙富集轻稀土元素、大离子侵石元素（Ba,K和Sr）和高场强元素（Nb,Ta和Zr）,亏损Th、Pb和Ti。同时,基性岩墙具有相对一致的（⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr）_i比值（0.70422~0.70423）,正的ε_Nd（t）值（5.8~6.1）和变化较小的Nd模式年龄（t_DM1=0.67~0.72Ga,t_DM2=0.57~0.59Ga）。以上特征表明,基性岩墙来自亏损软流圈地幔的分布熔融作用,岩浆侵位过程中发生了橄榄石、辉石和含Ti相矿物的分离结晶作用,但没有受到地壳物质的混染作用影响。基性岩墙的成因上与华北克拉通和西伯利亚板块碰撞后的拉伸作用有密切联系。     

滨里海盆地东南部D区块盐下成藏条件及勘探潜力

对D区块盐下层系油气成藏条件进行了系统分析。盐下发育的滨岸—海相页岩和碳酸盐岩为盐下层系的烃源岩,盐下发育2套储集岩体系,下二叠统孔谷阶厚层盐岩为盐下层系油气的区域性盖层,发育自生自储和下生上储2套生储盖组合。圈闭类型以低幅度的背斜构造为主。对盐下有利目标进行构造解释,落实局部构造8个,总圈闭面积450 km2,资源量8.6×108t,显示了D区块盐下具有较大的资源潜力。     

内蒙古阿拉善西南缘早前寒武纪地质研究进展

阿拉善地块西南缘的早前寒武纪变质基底主要分布在内蒙古阿拉善右旗与甘肃河西走廊相交界的龙首山—北大山地区,在大地构造上该区是华北克拉通、塔里木克拉通和祁连造山带3个地体的交汇处,因此长期以来备受关注。笔者综合了近十年来中外地质学家对阿拉善地块早前寒武纪地质的研究成果,对已取得的资料成果进行分析整理,从岩石单元划分、年代学、构造边界及大地构造归属4个方面进行论述,总结了近年来对以龙首山岩群为代表的阿拉善地块西南缘早前寒武纪变质基底的研究进展,提出目前争议性较大的问题,并探讨今后进一步研究的方向。     

模糊综合评判在拉萨地温开发地质环境评价中的应用

影响拉萨市浅层地温能地质环境质量的因素主要有地质环境背景、第四系及含水层因素、水量环境因素、水质环境因素等四大类,对四大类影响因素及其下一级因子进行层次分析和模糊数学模型的构建,确定其隶属度函数,计算各因子的权重值。利用GIS的属性赋值与空间分析,对地质环境质量评价区进行网格划分,计算出各网格单元的模糊质量指数值,绘制了模糊质量指数等值线,在此基础上对拉萨市浅层地温能地质环境质量进行了评价。     

伊宁地块构造单元划分之新见

伊宁地块是西天山造山带的重要组成部分,其上广泛出露晚古生代火山岩浆岩和沉积建造,对剖析该地块的形成演化具有重要意义。伊宁地块以中部近EW向展布的乌孙山—塔勒得断裂为界可划分为南、北两大构造带,两者在基底建造、岩浆岩的组成与时代及其地球化学特征、盆地形成和构造演化等方面均呈现显著不同。其中,南构造带由晚泥盆世—早石炭世早期大哈拉—喀勒峻岛弧带和阿腾套弧后伸展盆地构成,推测海沟位于岛弧带之南(那拉提南缘断裂附近);北构造带由早石炭世中晚期阿吾拉勒叠加岛弧带、特克斯—新源弧前盆地和清水河—苏布台弧后盆地-扇三角洲构成。在重新梳理并详细总结伊宁地块的最新划分依据及方案基础上,首次提出伊宁地块形成与演化的南、北构造带两拼接和演化三阶段新认识:①晚泥盆世—早石炭世早期,南构造带初始弧-盆构造体系形成;②早石炭世中晚期,北构造带的沟-弧-盆构造体系形成并增生;③早—晚石炭世,初始的南构造带与增生的北构造带拼贴缝合,完成地块拼贴与增生,最终形成统一的伊宁地块。     

塔河9区三叠系下油组油藏精细地质建模

塔河9区三叠系下油组油藏属大底水、薄油层、受构造控制的砂岩孔隙型块状底水未饱和油藏.该区块的地质建模过程,采用目前较为先进的Petrel软件,充分利用钻井、地震、测井、地层对比信息,结合夹层解释结果,在孔渗曲线的基础上,选用不同的建模方法,通过对各种随机模型的评价,最终建立了接近油藏实际地质特征的三维精细地质模型.     

Direct evidence of fluid mixing in the formation of stratabound Pb–Zn–Ba–F mineralisation in the Alston Block, North Pennine Orefield (England)

The North Pennine Orefield Alston Block has produced approximately 4 Mt Pb, 0.3 Mt Zn, 2.1 Mt fluorite, 1.5 Mt barite, 1 Mt witherite, plus a substantial amount of iron ore and copper ore from predominantly vein-hosted mineralisation in Carboniferous limestones. However, a significant proportion of this production (ca. 20%) came from stratabound deposits. Though much is known about the vein mineralisation, the relationship between the veins and the stratabound mineralisation is not well-understood. New petrographic, isotopic and fluid inclusion data derived from samples of stratabound mineralisation allow us to present a unified model that addresses the genesis of both the vein and stratabound styles of mineralisation. The mineralisation can be considered in terms of three episodes:

Exhumation of the lower crust during crustal shortening: an Alice Springs (380 Ma) age for a prograde amphibolite facies shear zone in the Strangways Metamorphic Complex (central Australia)

Foliated garnet-bearing amphibolites occur within the West Bore Shear Zone, cutting through granulite facies gneisses of the Strangways Metamorphic Complex. In the amphibolites, large euhedral garnet (up to 3 cm) occurs within fine-grained recrystallized leucocratic diffusion haloes of plagioclase–quartz. The garnet and their haloes include a well-developed vertical foliation, also present in the matrix. This foliation is the same as that cutting through the unconformably overlying Neoproterozoic Heavitree Quartzite. The textures indicate syn- to late kinematic growth of the amphibolite facies mineral assemblages.
All mineral assemblages record an arrested prograde reaction history. Noteworthy is the growth of garnet at the expense of hornblende and plagioclase, and the breakdown of staurolite–hornblende to give plagioclase–gedrite. These dehydration reactions indicate increasing P – T  conditions during metamorphism, and suggest heating towards the end of a period of intense deformation. Temperature estimates for the garnet–amphibolite and related staurolite–hornblende assemblages from the shear zone are about 600 °C. Pressure is estimated at about 5 kbar.
An Sm–Nd isochron gives an age of 381±7 Ma for the peak metamorphism and associated deformation. This age determination confirms that amphibolite facies conditions prevailed during shear zone development within the Strangways Metamorphic Complex during the Alice Springs Orogeny. These temperature conditions are significantly higher than those expected at this depth assuming a normal geothermal gradient. The Alice Springs Orogeny was associated with significant crustal thickening, allowing exhumation of the granulite facies, Palaeoproterozoic, lower crust. Along-strike variations of the tectonic style suggest a larger amount of crustal shortening in the eastern part of the Alice Springs Orogeny.