Evolution of the Komiji Syncline in the North Fossa Magna, central Japan: Paleomagnetic and K–Ar age insights

Abstract We carried out paleomagnetic measurements and K–Ar dating on Neogene andesitic lavas and sills of the Shigarami Formation in North Fossa Magna, central Japan. The Shigarami Formation is distributed in the axial part of the Komiji Syncline in the folding zone of the southwestern North Fossa Magna. Results of the present study indicate that the Komiji Syncline was formed shortly after 4.42 ± 0.12 Ma during the Pliocene. The sedimentary rocks of the Shigarami Formation consist of shallow marine and fluvial deposits. Intrusions of andesitic sills are found in the shallow marine deposits and two andesitic lava flows are present in the fluvial deposits. Oriented samples were taken from the sills at four sites and from the lavas at three sites. The samples produced stable remanent magnetization through stepwise alternating field and thermal demagnetizations. Results of a positive fold test indicate that the stable remanent magnetizations concentrate around a mean reversed polarity of declination = 169.0°, inclination = ?58.5° and 95% confidence limit = 9.0° after corrections have been made according to the direction of the bedding of the sedimentary rocks. Four fresh samples were selected for K–Ar dating from the samples used for paleomagnetic measurements. The groundmass of three samples taken from the sills yield ages of 4.42 ± 0.12, 4.49 ± 0.22 and 4.69 ± 0.13 Ma, whereas the one taken from the lower lava has an age of 5.91 ± 0.26 Ma. We believe that the Komiji Syncline was formed after the emplacement of lavas and sills in the area, because the descending Miocene strata were folded concordantly with the Shigarami Formation. The Pliocene and Pleistocene strata rest unconformably on the folded strata. The deformation might have progressed during the Pliocene, then slowed down in the Early Pleistocene. Our results suggest that the northwestward motion of the Philippine Sea Plate and the collision of the Tanzawa Block affected not only the South Fossa Magna, but also the North Fossa Magna.     

川滇地区现今地壳形变及其与强震时空分布的相关性研究

本文通过分析80年代以来的川滇地区跨断层形变测量资料、区域垂直形变测量资料及部分大区域GPS测量资料，认为该时间域内川滇地区地壳形变处于相对弱状态，并直接导致了自1981年道孚6．9级地震后至今川滇地区6级以上地震基本上未沿主边界断裂展布，且具有准顺时针旋转迁移的分布特征。基于此，认为未来几年内川滇地区地震危险性预测研究的重点应是川滇地区中部。最后根据现今地壳形变测量资料和地震分布特征提出了川滇地区活动地块时段性划分的概念，并给出了初步的划分结果。     

Study on the Relationship Between Recent Crustal Deformation and the Temporal-Spatial Distribution of Strong Earthquakes ( Ms ≥6.0) in the Sichuan-Yunnan Region

Analysis of deformation data measured across the faults, regional vertical deformation data and GPS measurements in the Sichuan-Yunnan region made since the 1980s permitted us to conclude that the crustal deformation in the region during this period of time was relatively weak and caused the occurrence of earthquakes (Ms≥6.0), which were not distributed along the major boundary active faults in the region after the 1981 I)awu Ms 6.9 earthquake and that the seismic activity is characterized by quasi-clockwise migration. Thus, it follows that earthquake prediction research should be focused on the central part of the Sichuan-Yunnan region in the coming years. Finally, a concept of temporal division of the region into active blocks is suggested and the preliminary result of the division is given in the paper.     

拉萨市拉鲁湿地多环芳烃污染及其来源

通过分析采集的土壤、沉积物和大气样品,对拉萨郊区的拉鲁湿地多环芳烃污染及其来源进行了初步研究.湿地表层土壤中16种多环芳烃的平均含量的总含量为82.45×10^-9,既存在低环数的多环芳烃,又含有高环数的多环芳烃;湿地土壤中的多环芳烃主要来自于大气.     

广州"华南板块"大楼盘开发引发的区域结构二元化初步研究

广州“华南板块”由于大楼盘开发而使区域结构呈现二元化趋势。采用实地考察和个别访问的研究方法，结合相关资料阐述这种新型“二元结构”的表现形式及危害，并分析其产生的原因。在此基础上，提出了缓解、消除这种区域二元结构的6点建议，即加深对开发指导理论的认识；加强政府干预，走政府—市场互动型城郊房地产开发之路；移业就民，变“卧城”为较为独立的“卫星城”；开展文化体育活动，促进区域一体化；发展地方经济，减少“城”“村”居民收入差距；成立地方房地产协会，协调布局基础设施。     

华南在Rodinia古陆中位置的讨论——扬子地块西缘变质-岩浆杂岩证据及其与Seychelles地块的对比

沿扬子地块西缘出露的一系列变质杂岩的构造性质及形成时代是分析华南地块大地构造属性的关键。这些杂岩均被初始为低角度的正断层所围限 ,具有变质核杂岩的构造性质 ,其剥露时间在177Ma左右。目前 ,对这一区域几个代表性杂岩体进行的系统的岩石学和地球化学分析表明 ,这是一套主体为与俯冲板块有关的岛弧型岩浆杂岩 ,其形成时代从 72 6～ 86 4Ma ,时间跨度在 10 0Ma以上。证明这些岩石的形成与地幔柱作用无关。上述结果与最近在Madagascar东北缘、Seychelles岛及印度的Malani的一条类似的变质岩浆杂岩带的地球化学与地质年代学研究结果完全吻合 ,这个构造带被解释为一条沿Mozambique洋东缘的巨大的向东俯冲的安第斯型俯冲 岩浆岛弧带。据此我们推测在Rodinia古大陆中 ,华南地块位于印度板块东北缘 ,其南东则可能与澳大利亚相接。     

Distribution and land use characteristics of alluvial fans in the Lhasa River Basin,Tibet

In Lhasa River Basin (LRB),land suitable for settlement or living is experiencing a shortage of resources.Alluvial fans have the potential to alleviate this problem.However,basic information,such as the distribution and land use types of alluvial fans,is rarely studied.In this study,Google Earth,ArcGIS and visual interpretation were used to obtain the outlines,areas,quantities and distribution of alluvial fans.Meanwhile,to show the utilisation potential of alluvial fans,we analysed the land use,their distance from the roads,places (town and village) and rivers.The results showed 826 alluvial fans exist in LRB,with a total area of 1166.03 km2.The number of alluvial fans with areas between 0.1 and 1 km2 is 517,ac-counting for 62.59％ of the total number of alluvial fans.Grassland is the dominant land use type,accounting for 68.70％ of the total area of alluvial fans.The cropland area accounted for 2.16％ of alluvial fans and accounted for 18.98％ of the total cropland area in LRB.Exactly 93.70％,53.63％ and 61.86％ of the total number of alluvial fans were located within 5 km from the tertiary road,village,and river,respectively.To sum up,our survey results showed that alluvial fans are important land resources in LRB and may have huge utilisation potential.     

宗地图的标准化制作

近年来,国土资源系统在标准化建设方面取得了长足进步,颁布了一系列的法规和标准,逐步规范土地登记行为和土地登记成果。但目前国土资源的有关技术标准还没有实现全覆盖,有些规定和要求还不够明确。这就要求我们在实践中总结经验,不断加以完善。本文根据南京市国土资源局组织开展农村宅基地调查、登记发证的实践经验,就宗地图制作的规则和方法进行了探讨。     

拉萨地块南缘晚白垩世角闪辉长岩、花岗斑岩副矿物微量元素特征对成岩成矿的指示

拉萨地块南缘记录了新特提斯洋俯冲到印度-欧亚大陆碰撞及碰撞后的岩浆作用,其中晚白垩世的岩浆作用对研究印度-欧亚大陆碰撞前成岩成矿作用具有重要的意义。本文以拉萨地块南缘100Ma的角闪辉长岩和68Ma花岗斑岩的锆石、磷灰石、榍石为研究对象,利用背散射、阴极发光(CL)、电子探针(EPMA)和LA-ICP-MS原位微区分析等方法,查明锆石、磷灰石、榍石的主、微量元素特征,进一步反演岩石源区性质、结晶历史及结晶条件,并对岩体含矿性进行评价,有助于探讨冈底斯成矿带晚白垩世岩浆成因机制和成矿潜力。研究结果表明,角闪辉长岩锆石初始饱和温度为598～626℃,锆石Ti结晶温度为645～758℃,磷灰石饱和温度为690～819℃,榍石Zr温度为602～778℃;磷灰石具有中等-弱的负铕异常(δEu=0. 67)、富集LREE,早期高温阶段锆石的结晶主要受到磷灰石结晶影响,随着温度降低,受到少量榍石结晶的影响;角闪辉长岩中的锆石在低的Hf、温度较高时却具有较高的Th、U含量显示岩浆源区受到更多俯冲板片出溶流体的影响,磷灰石具有较高的(La/Sm)N值以及Sr含量低于主岩,显示岩浆源区均一、熔体富Cl特征。花岗斑岩的锆石初始饱和温度为704～736℃,锆石Ti温度为630～799℃,磷灰石饱和温度为846～891℃,结合锆石的Ce/Sm、Yb/Gd以及磷灰石较大的负铕异常(δEu=0. 29),显示花岗斑岩中的锆石从高温到低温阶段都受到磷灰石和榍石的共同结晶影响,磷灰石的结晶受到斜长石影响;花岗斑岩中大部分锆石Ti结晶温度高于其初始饱和温度,磷灰石Sr-Ap/Sr-WR为0. 78～1. 45,具有较高的F/Cl(32. 87～67. 60)、低的(La/Sm)N,指示花岗斑岩岩浆源区不均一,受到多期岩浆熔体的脉冲式灌入并加入了更多镁铁质的岩浆熔体,其熔体具有低的Cl。此外,花岗斑岩锆石具有较高的Ce~(4+)/Ce~(3+)、磷灰石具有较高的SO_3、熔体中更富S,指示花岗斑岩具有高的氧逸度和成矿潜力。本文研究结果表明结合锆石、磷灰石和榍石微量元素特征可有效指示岩浆岩的源区组成、结晶历史、结晶条件以及成矿潜力,为岩石学的研究提供了一个新的思路。     

苏南块体的深部构造及其油气前景

苏南块体中地壳存在一低速层,Vp约为5.8～6.0km/s,它与地下高导层相对应,电阻率仅4～20Ω·m,是中地壳塑性层的反映;苏南块体属于太平洋型块体,是有利的油气分布区块;它处在地球化学急变带上,壳幔相互作用比较强烈,故该区的油气受深部因素的影响或控制比较明显,是有利的深部无机成因油气分布区。中地壳低速高导层(蛇纹石化橄榄岩)构成油气“发生器”;上地幔则是“原料库”;沉积盆地是“存储器”。当地幔流体中H2缺失或不足时便没有烃生成,只能形成CO2或以CO2为主的气藏。黄桥CO2气藏已被公认是幔源无机成因气体,实质上是由在中地壳进行的不完整费-托合成反应所致。镇江—常州—无锡—苏州—昆山一带为油气富集带,具有深部成因油气的良好远景。