面向城市地物分类的 SAR 图像纹理特征提取与分析

合成孔径雷达（ SAR）图像含有丰富的纹理信息,特别是进行城市地物分类时,纹理特征对于图像的解译具有重要的意义。本文对基于灰度共生矩阵和Gabor变换两种纹理特征提取方法进行了研究,将灰度和不同纹理特征组合应用于SAR图像城市地物分类,并以ALOS PALSAR影像为数据源进行了实验。通过对不同分类结果进行定性和定量分析,结果表明,引入纹理特征后的SAR图像分类结果要优于无纹理信息参与的分类结果,基于不同纹理特征组合的SAR图像分类结果要优于基于单一纹理特征的分类结果。     

山西大同同车公司地裂缝形变水准观测及映震情况浅析

从年变形态、主要干扰、震前异常特征方面对同车公司地裂缝的水准观测进行综合分析,结果表明,地裂缝的总活动趋势是以垂直方向的沉降活动为主,地裂缝活动与地震活动有较明显的相关性。震中距在300km范围内的M5以上地震,震前异常表现形态较多,变化幅度较为明显。M4．5以下地震可能存在的前兆异常和干扰无法区分,不易识别。     

Bayesian uncertainty quantification for flows in heterogeneous porous media using reversible jump Markov chain Monte Carlo methods

In this paper, we study the uncertainty quantification in inverse problems for flows in heterogeneous porous media. Reversible jump Markov chain Monte Carlo algorithms (MCMC) are used for hierarchical modeling of channelized permeability fields. Within each channel, the permeability is assumed to have a log-normal distribution. Uncertainty quantification in history matching is carried out hierarchically by constructing geologic facies boundaries as well as permeability fields within each facies using dynamic data such as production data. The search with Metropolis–Hastings algorithm results in very low acceptance rate, and consequently, the computations are CPU demanding. To speed-up the computations, we use a two-stage MCMC that utilizes upscaled models to screen the proposals. In our numerical results, we assume that the channels intersect the wells and the intersection locations are known. Our results show that the proposed algorithms are capable of capturing the channel boundaries and describe the permeability variations within the channels using dynamic production history at the wells.     

采用相关分析法研究降雨对水位的影响

地下水位动态受降雨影响显著,且由于降雨的持续时间、强度和面积的不同,由降雨引起的水位变化形态也复杂多样。为了能直观地判别降雨对水位的影响,排除水位资料中降雨的影响成分,本文采用水位月变化量与降雨月累计值作相关分析后得到的余差值,作为水位微动态研究对象。选用与降雨关系分别为显著、一般、不相关的连江江南井、泉州局一号井、福州浦东井水位进行分析,结果显示水位月变化量均表现了高值异常,异常与地震时间的对应关系有3个震前异常,2个同震异常、1个震后效应、1个无震异常。     

徐州市公交便捷度分析

通过公式计算了徐州市区的各公交站点功能分,在此基础上运用ArcGIS软件将徐州市区地图进行单元划分,形成公交站区;然后将各公交站区的功能分进行属性赋值,并进行空间分析,得出徐州市区公交分布由公交便捷度大致从市中心及火车站向外扩展为四级,并且公交站点的便捷度均由站点向外呈衰减趋势,且衰减程度越来越明显,尤其是位于公交便捷度低的区域更为明显;最后将公交便捷度泰森多边形分布图与人口密度泰森多边形分布图进行叠加分析,得出目前徐州市公交便捷度与人口密度分布的匹配适应性以主城区向外围逐渐增强,一些地区的公交便捷度还不能满足人口密度分布的状况。     

面向中尺度涡提取的SLA去噪方法研究

噪声去除一直是基于卫星高度计资料的海洋中尺度涡提取研究的难点和热点,然而无论是卷积滤波器还是信息滤波器都存在对海面高度异常（SLA）数据的局部过处理现象。鉴于此,本文提出一种基于包络面去噪的海洋中尺度涡提取方法。该算法可利用分离层内的信息稳定性和层间的信息完备性,很好地改进了卷积运算没有考虑局部噪声的不足,进而有效地提高去噪能力。其具体流程为：首先,对初始化的原始数据场进行上下包络面构造,形成原始数据子场;然后,根据子场内部和子场间的稳健性,把原始数据场转换为子场集合;其次,利用子场极差和标准差,对子场集合进行信息重组,形成噪声去除后的信息场;最后,利用去噪后的信息场数据,采用Winding-Angle（WA）和泛克立金中尺度涡提取算法在西北太平洋进行对比验证实验。实验结果表明,本文提出的方法较前人的方法有较大的提升,准确率为91.23%,取得了较好的应用效果。     

河南濮阳清丰2号井水位快速下降异常原因调查分析

2013年5月7日~9日河南濮阳清丰地震台清丰2号井水位快速下降约0.18 m,下降幅度大于平常下降幅度,9日起水位慢慢恢复。对产生水位快速下降的原因进行了调查分析,研究结果显示:河南濮阳清丰2号井水位下降是由于同层地下水开采抽水造成的,不是地震前兆异常变化。     

Long-Term and Short-Term Variations of Sea Level in Eastern Canada: A Review

This is a review of sea level data performed at three selected stations (Québec-Lauzon, Harrington Harbour,and Halifax) in eastern Canada in order to investigate the seasonal trends and other long-term and short-term changes which occurred since the beginning of the 20th century. Stations situated in riverine or estuarine regions (e.g., Québec-Lauzon) are significantly affected by freshwater flow in their annual cycle of sea level changes and exhibit a definite maximum in spring and minimum in autumn-winter. Other stations situated in the eastern half of the Gulf of St. Lawrence (e.g., Harrington Harbour) or near the open Atlantic coast (Halifax) mainly follow the general cycle of subarctic regions, with lows in spring-summer and highs in autumn-winter. Such seasonal variations appear to be related to the atmospheric pressure and baroclinic current variations. Secular trends in mean sea level in eastern Canadian waterbodies show a mean rise of about 2.56 mm/yr -1 due to tectonic motions, that is, land subsidence. At several stations in eastern Canada, evidence is found for the influence of the nodal tide (18.6 years), the sunspot cycle (10.8 years), the lunar perigee (8.47 years), the pole tide (14.5 months), the annual cycle (12 months), and semiannual tidal cycle (6 months) in sea level records. Beside long-term oscillations with periods of more than one year, evidence is found for high energetic semidiurnal and diurnal tides where they contribute largely (from 90-95%) to short term variability of sea level. In the residual signal (variations of sea level--tidal variations), short-term variations between 2 to 30 days can be attributed to meterological forcing (atmospheric pressure and winds), longitudinal seiches (2-10 h), atmospheric tides (12 h and 24 h) and inertial oscillations (16-18 h). A regressive model showed that the water discharge from the St. Lawrence River contributes 29% to the monthly residual sea level at Québec-Lauzon. The atmospheric pressure and winds contribute respectively 8.1% and 8.9% at this station. They contribute 52.1% and 7.7% at Harrington Harbour and 41.8% and 14.3% at Halifax. The regression coefficients of residual sea level on atmospheric pressure are respectively estimated to be -1.507 cm. ( hPa ) -1 ( - 0.345 cm. ( hPa ) -1 ), -0.776 cm. ( hPa ) -1 ( - 0.112 cm. ( hPa ) -1 ) and -0.825 cm. ( hPa ) -1 ( - 0.008 cm. ( hPa ) -1 ) at the three stations. Compared to the coefficient of the inverted barometer, estimated to be -1 cm. ( hPa ) -1 , these effects of the atmospheric pressure on sea level variations seem to be amplified at Que´bec-Lauzon by the wind effects (and water discharge) while they are reduced at Harrington Harbour and Halifax.     

Technical Issues and Recommendations Related to the Installation of Continuous GPS Stations at Tide Gauges

Geodesists around the world have begun installing continuous GPS (CGPS) stations at tide gauges in order to determine the exact position of these tide gauges and, in particular, the vertical velocity of the land or the seafloor underlying each tide gauge. The goal is to make these measurements in a well-defined global reference frame. The scientific applications of these measurements include the calibration of satellite altimeters and the removal of crustal motion signals from long time series of sea level change. In this article we focus on the technical issues associated with this agenda, including site selection, instrumentation, monumentation, ancillary measurements, and the tide gauge leveling program. There is no universally best approach to building CGPS stations at tide gauges. Therefore we emphasize the various trade-offs that typically occur, and give general recommendations and rules of thumb based on recent installations and experience. Additional information can be found at the CGPS@TG website.     

A Crustal Upheaval in a Coastal Zone After Ocean Water Loading

A crustal upheaval in a coastal zone is studied by introducing a simplified theoretical model of an equivalent elastic plate on which oceanic water is acting as a static loading. With a solution for the plate, the author notes what is seen as a crustal upheaval under the loading of static oceanic water in a qualitative scope. The solution requires some assumed parameters for the plate and the loading. Some other conditions should be also given to realize a possible dynamical understanding of a sea level rise seen after global climatological warming and glacial melting.