福建省水平摆与垂直摆观测资料对比分析

本文对比分析福建省五个台站水平摆与垂直摆观测资料的变化规律,评定资料的外在质量水平,计算资料的内在精度,通过分析与计算,可以看出,垂直摆观测资料保持了水平摆观测资料的变化规律,观测精度水平接近水平摆的精度水平。当前,福建省水平摆已进入老化阶段,用垂直摆替代已成必然。本文还讨论了有关垂直摆标定问题并提出几点建议。     

Explanation of land use in mountainous area,China: from field to village level

Few studies of land use change were particularly considered the hierarchical data structure originating from different scales and levels. Using interviewing data collected from 107 villages, 1,050 households and 4,780 fields between November 2003 and August 2005, the objective of this paper is to predict the occurrence of land use from field to village level in mountainous area, China, and to improve our understanding of the causes of land use. Household’s behavior in the choice of land use type is guided by multiple, often confiding, household objectives, subject to the available resources, possible productive activities, and external economic and biophysical constraints. For rice model, the household level variables cannot be substituted by village level aggregates. Aggregated variables at village level do not capture any of the variability at the household level. Village level variables can virtually be explained in virtue of the variables of field and household level. The households and the villages show significant clustering of the occurrence of rice, and they explain the 11.3 and 4.5% variance, respectively. For corn model, corn as dependent variable does not show any significant variance component. The variables of household and village level have lower effects on the occurrence of corn. There is a significant relation between slope of a field and the choice to cultivate corn and a significant random effect at the village level. However, cropland size, input–output, transportation cost, even family income in household level and road density and food market development in village level, at some extent, are controlled by slope. These variables do not influence corn cultivation significantly and that those are predominantly determined by slope. In a word, the household level can be crucial in explaining land use at the field level. Multilevel analysis can be applied to statistically model the occurrence of land use, and to explore a number of cross-scale propositions. An erratum to this article can be found at     

水库水位变化对地震活动和变形的影响

对二滩电站水库蓄水后水位变化与水库库区、水库外围地区地震活动性进行了对比研究,并利用攀枝花南山台形变观测资料与水库水位变化之间的相关性,研究了"水库-小震-变形-中强震"之间的关系。结果表明,在由水位变化引起的加卸载过程中,加载时段是外围地区中强地震的有利发震时段,而卸载达到年度最低水平时,库区内地震活动明显增强。水库首次蓄水引起变形最为剧烈,之后影响逐渐减弱。     

Does the Actual Drop in Dead Sea Level Reflect the Development of Water Sources Within its Drainage Basin?

As a part of Jordan’s efforts to quantify the effect of the Dead Sea level decline on the precious groundwater resources of the surrounding aquifers, the authors analyzed the historic or predevelopment inflows and outflows of the Dead Sea basin and the resulting water balance which included precipitation, evaporation, surface‐ and groundwaters. The predevelopment situation was taken as the point of departure for the sake of this study. Furthermore, the present situation was analyzed in an attempt to quantify the groundwater inflows into the Dead Sea as a result of drop in the Dead Sea level. The groundwater component and the corresponding saltwater/freshwater interface were taken as the variables to balance the levels of the sea that would have been reached without the contribution of the uncontrolled groundwater inflows as a result of the salt/freshwater interface seaward migration. The present day water balance that includes all the water diversion projects from all riparians indicates serious declines in the Dead Sea level. The effects of the present day level declines on the fresh groundwater/saltwater interface indicate that considerable amounts of groundwater are driven into the Sea as a result of the seaward migration of the freshwater/saline water interface.     

Changes in the Dead Sea Level and their Impacts on the Surrounding Groundwater Bodies

In this paper the reaction of the salt‐/freshwater interface due to the changes in the Dead Sea level are elaborated at in details by using the inflows into the Dead Sea, the outflows due to evaporation losses and artificial discharges, and the hydrographic registrations of the Dead Sea level. The analyses show that the interface seaward migration resulted in a groundwater discharge of around 423 Mio m³ per meter drop in the level of the Dead Sea in the period 1994–1998 and of around 525 Mio m³/m in the period 1930–1937. The additional amount of groundwater joining the Dead Sea due to the interface seaward migration was 51 Mio m³ per one square kilometer of shrinkage in the area of the Dead Sea in the period 1930–1937 and 91 Mio m³/km² in the period 1994–1998. The riparian states of the Dead Sea are nowadays loosing 370 Mio m³/a of freshwater to the Dead Sea through the interface readjustment mechanisms as a result of their over exploitation of waters which formerly fed the Dead Sea.     

天津地区咸水井映震能力评估

系统处理了1992年以来天津地区4口咸水井的水位观测资料,使用R值对这4口井的映震效能进行了评估。认为：①这4口井的R值不高,主要原因是咸水层观测井水位异常时间较长,致使预报占用时间较长;②咸水层观测井水位异常幅度比较明显,异常性质的规律性较强,出现异常时易于识别;③咸水层观测井水位有异常有地震的比率达到了70％以上,这对有震的判定非常有意义。     

基于四叉树的LOD地形模型及其数据组织方法研究

针对大规模地形可视化中地形数据的组织方法进行了研究,设计了一种基于线性四叉树结构的静态LOD地形模型,采用重采样、分层分块的方法来组织任意格网大小的海量地形数据。在此基础上,对数据动态调度过程中的相关问题进行了分析,地形块的快速索引、边界裂缝消除等方法的运用,提高了地形漫游的效率与可视化效果。实验结果表明,该研究成果可以满足大规模地形数据的实时可视化操作要求。     

SD智能数显仪通信功能及其集散控制系统

本文从硬件与软件两方面论述了ＳＤ智能数显仪与个人计算机之间的串行通信原理,并简述了其在工业自动化领域集散控制系统中的应用     

结合深度学习的高光谱与多源遥感数据融合分类

高光谱数据具有丰富的光谱特征,但是其空间分辨率相对较低.一些遥感数据具有与高光谱数据互补的优势,例如提供更精细的空间信息的高空间分辨率数据和具有高度信息的激光雷达LiDAR(Light Detection and Ranging)数据.通过将高光谱数据与多源遥感数据进行融合,可以弥补高光谱数据空间分辨率相对较低,空间特...     

锡林郭勒盟一次槽涡型大雪天气过程分析

利用高空、地面形势场和物理量场等气象资料,对2011年2月26日锡林郭勒盟地区出现的大雪天气过程诊断分析。结果表明:这次大雪是在稳定的行星尺度天气系统作用下,受低空切变线配合河套气旋影响,满足了高低空急流耦合提供的动力抬升、低空急流建立的水汽输送及辐合、低层暖湿气流产生的能量不稳定等条件下产生的,属弱冷空气类槽涡型;西南涡(槽)和华北脊对大雪的产生和落区起到重要的决定作用,低层强盛的暖湿气团为不稳定能量的产生提供了条件;通过分析、总结,结合实际预报经验,提出了预报要点和指标。