内蒙古克什克腾旗长岭子铅锌矿床流体包裹体及矿床成因类型研究

内蒙古克什克腾旗长岭子铅锌矿床是大兴安岭南段新发现的一个矿床,矿体赋存于下二叠统大石寨组海相火山岩建造中,矿体受夕卡岩控制。根据手标本中脉体穿插关系和岩石薄片中观察的矿物共生组合特征,文中将长岭子铅锌矿的成矿过程划分为4个阶段：干夕卡岩阶段、湿夕卡岩磁铁矿阶段、石英硫化物阶段和石英碳酸盐阶段,分别以石榴子石±透辉石±硅灰石、石英+绿帘石+电气石+磁铁矿、石英+黄铁矿±磁黄铁矿±黄铜矿±方铅矿±闪锌矿和石英±方解石的矿物组合为标志。长岭子矿床主要发育水溶液包裹体(W型)和含子矿物多相包裹体(S型),前者可进一步划分为富液相(WL型)和富气相(WV型)两个亚类。干夕卡岩阶段辉石中主要发育S型和WL型包裹体,湿夕卡岩磁铁矿阶段绿帘石和石英中主要发育WL型、WV型和S型包裹体,石英硫化物阶段石英中可见所有类型的包裹体,石英碳酸盐阶段的石英±方解石脉中仅见WL型包裹体。干夕卡岩阶段辉石中流体包裹体的均一温度和盐度分别为387~524 ℃和10.7%~52%(NaCleqv.);湿夕卡岩磁铁矿阶段包裹体均一温度为312~533 ℃,盐度为11.3%~60%(NaCleqv.);石英硫化物阶段包裹体均一温度介于182~329 ℃,盐度介于4.7%~38%(NaCleqv.);石英碳酸盐阶段包裹体均一温度为124~199 ℃,盐度介于3.1%~22.4%(NaCleqv.)。上述矿床地质和成矿流体特征表明长岭子铅锌矿为夕卡岩型矿床。成矿流体经历了自夕卡岩阶段高温、高盐度岩浆热液向石英碳酸盐阶段低温、低盐度大气降水热液的转变。石英硫化物阶段发育沸腾包裹体组合,表明成矿流体发生了沸腾作用,这可能是成矿物质沉淀的主要机制。     

大兴安岭北段东坡小莫尔可地区中生代火山岩成因及其地质意义:元素、Hf同位素地球化学与锆石U-Pb同位素定年

大兴安岭是中国东北部陆相火山岩发育的地区之一,其不仅分布广泛,而且空间岩相组合变化较大、成因复杂。笔者对大杨树火山盆地西缘喷发就位在花岗岩带的小莫尔可地区中生代火山岩的地质、岩相学、年代学、元素和Hf同位素地球化学进行了研究。结果表明,该区出露火山岩可划分3个阶段,第一阶段主要为英安质火山碎屑岩夹英安岩组合,呈爆发式火山喷发特征;第二阶段为玄武质粗面安山岩、粗面安山岩组合,呈溢流式火山喷发特征;第三阶段是玄武粗面安山质熔结火山碎屑岩(部分含角砾)。各阶段代表性火山熔岩以及熔结火山碎屑岩的元素地球化学特征揭示:均为富碱(w(Na_2O+K_2O)=4.88%~7.12%),属高钾钙碱性系列;具有相似的痕量元素地球化学分馏特征,即明显富集Ba、K、LRRE等大离子亲石元素,亏损Nb、Ta、Ti、HREE等高场强元素;稀土元素分馏程度中等(LREE/HREE=8.4~8.5)、Eu负异常不明显(δEu为0.91~1.02)。这些特征表明它们是同源岩浆房结晶分异演化的产物,岩浆源区性质呈现地幔与壳幔混合过渡类型的属性,或呈现E-MORB性质的源区或交代洋壳性质的源区。鉴于获得的英安质岩屑晶屑凝灰岩(HSY-1)和玄武粗面安山质岩屑晶屑熔结凝灰岩(P2121)单颗粒锆石U-Pb同位素定年分别为(124.8±1.0)、(123.3±1.3)Ma,ε_(Hf)(t)为1.7~9.7、T_(DM)=705~407 Ma、T_(DM)~C=1 464~748Ma,并结合区域地球动力学研究进展,可进一步得出:火山作用背景应属于中生代古太平洋板块向中国东部大陆俯冲的大陆边缘岩浆弧环境,适值东北地区大规模岩浆底侵、岩石圈拆沉作用的峰期(约120 Ma),初始岩浆应是古太平洋板块深俯冲作用过程形成的埃达克质岩浆,而呈现埃达克质岩浆与岛弧性质的过渡岩石学、地球化学特征,可能是在岩浆底侵、岩石圈拆沉过程与地壳物质发生一定程度的混染作用;并从成矿元素的相容性角度确认该期岩浆作用具有提供Mo、Cu和Ag成矿流体的可能。     

Field report: Exploring the Doonerak fenster of the central Brooks Range,Alaska, USA

Arctic Alaska is a ‘suspect’ terrane that encompasses approximately 20% of Alaska, stretching from the southern Brooks Range all the way to the continental shelves of the Chukchi and Beaufort Seas. Although the origin and subsequent travels of this large crustal fragment are debated among geologists, most researchers agree upon its composite nature and exotic origin. To constrain the early geological history of this terrane, we describe a recent expedition to the Doonerak fenster of the central Brooks Range. This area has long been regarded as a key locality for understanding the structural evolution of the Mesozoic–Cenozoic Brooks Range orogen; however, our target was different: a unique sequence of volcanic and siliciclastic rocks (Apoon assemblage) exposed beneath a profound pre-Mississippian unconformity, which we argue is of key importance to understanding the early Paleozoic tectonic history of northern Alaska and the greater Arctic.     

黑龙江省翠宏山钨钼多金属矿床辉钼矿Re-Os同位素定年及其地质意义

翠宏山钨钼多金属矿床是小兴安岭-张广才岭成矿带内一个重要的矽卡岩型矿床,钨、钼、锌均达大型规模。为确定该矿床的形成时代,对取自岩体内接触带钨钼矿体的7件辉钼矿样品进行了Re-Os同位素测年研究。结果表明:辉钼矿中Re质量分数为（0.376 9～0.973 7）×10^-6,Os质量分数为（1.272～3.234）×10^-9;获得的模式年龄为(199.0±3.1)～(203.9±3.8) Ma,加权平均年龄为（201.6±1.4）Ma(MSWD=0.80),等时线年龄为（198.9±3.7）Ma(MSWD=0.83)。结合区域成矿作用分析认为:翠宏山多金属矿床的形成时代为早侏罗世,与成矿带内的霍吉河和鹿鸣等斑岩型（细网脉型）钼矿床同属燕山早期大规模构造-岩浆-成矿事件的产物。根据本次辉钼矿Re-Os定年结果,结合前人在矿区内所测多个花岗岩体的锆石U-Pb年龄认为:与翠宏山多金属矿床具成因联系的岩体应为二长花岗岩、碱长花岗岩,成岩成矿作用与古太平洋板块俯冲有关。辉钼矿中Re质量分数、成矿岩体的物质源区综合研究表明,翠宏山多金属矿床的成岩成矿物质具有壳幔混源特征。     

Origin and evolution of ore-forming fluid for the Gaosongshan gold deposit,Lesser Xing'an Range:Evidence from fluid inclusions,H-O-S-Pb isotopes

Epithermal gold deposits are typical precious metal deposits related to volcanic and subvolcanic magmatism.Due to the lack of direct geological and petrographic evidences,the origin of the ore-forming fluid is deduced from the spatial diagenesis-mineralization relationship,chronological data,physicochemical characteristics of mineral fluid inclusions,mineral or rock elements and isotopic geochemical characteristics.By objectively examining this scientific problem via a geological field survey and petrographic analysis of the Gaosongshan epithermal gold deposit,we recently discovered and verified the following points:(1)Pyrite-bearing spherical quartz aggregates(PSQA)occur in the rhyolitic porphyry;(2)the mineralization is structurally dominated by WNW-and ENE-trending systems and occurs mostly in hydrothermal breccias and pyrite-quartz veins,and the ore types are mainly hematite-crusted quartz,hydrothermal breccia,massive pyrite-quartz,etc.;(3)the alteration types consist of prevalent silicification,sericitization,propylitization and carbonation,with local adularization and illitization.The ore minerals are mainly pyrite,primary hematite,native gold,and electrum,with lesser amounts of chalcopyrite,magnetite,sphalerite,and galena,indicating a characteristic epithermal low-sulfidation deposit.The ore-forming fluid may have been primarily derived from magmatic fluid exsolved from a crystallizing rhyolitic porphyry magma.Further zircon U-Pb geochronology,fluid inclusion,physicochemical and isotopic geochemical analyses revealed that(1)rhyolitic porphyry magmatism occurred at 104.6 ± 1.0 Ma,whereas the crystallization of the PSQA occurred at 100.8 ± 2.1 Ma;(2)the hydrothermal fluid of the pre-ore stage was an exsolved CO_2-bearing H20-NaCl magmatic fluid that produced inclusions mainly composed of pure vapor(PV),vapor-rich(WV)and liquid-rich(WL)inclusions with a small number of melt-(M)and solid-bearing(S)inclusions;mineralization-stage quartz contains WL and rare PV,WV and pure liquid(PL)inclusions characterized by the H_2 O-NaCl system with low formation temperatures and low salinities;(3)the characteristics of hydrogen,oxygen,sulfur,and lead isotopes and those of rare earth elements(REEs)provide insight into the affinity between PSQA and orebodies resulting from juvenile crust or enriched mantle.Combined with previous research on the mineralogenetic epoch(99.32± 0.01 Ma),we further confirm that the mineralization of the deposit occurred in the late Early Cretaceous,which coincides with the extension of the continental margin induced by subduction of the Pacific Plate beneath the Eurasian Plate.The formation of the ore deposit was proceeded by a series of magmatic and hydrothermal events,including melting of enriched juvenile crust,upwelling,the eruption and emplacement of the rhyolitic magma,the exsolution and accumulation of magmatic hydrothermal fluid,decompression,the cooling and immiscibility/boiling of the fluid,and mixing of the magmatic fluid with meteoric water,in association with water-rock interaction.     

中国脆弱生态环境类型划分及其范围确定

本文对中国脆弱生态环境进行了主要成因和结构的两级类型划分，得出七大类脆弱生态环境主要成因类型和６３类脆弱生态结构类型。并以脆弱生态环境主要成因为依据初步确定了中国脆弱生态环境的分布范围，绘出中国七大类脆弱生态环境主要成因类型大范围图。采用分步叠置的方法绘制了中国６３类脆弱生态环境结构类型分布图，确定了中国脆弱生态环境区域范围。     

北天山中东段中小地震震源机制解及应力场反演

主要对北天山中东段中小地震震源机制解系统聚类和应力场反演。 结果表明, 研究区内中小地震震源断错性质主要以逆断层为主, 地震主破裂面基本沿NWW向或近EW向, 与该区域的NWW向构造带基本一致; 研究区内主压应力P轴近NS向, 倾角较小, 主张应力T轴倾角较大, 表明区域应力场主要受NS向水平挤压作用; 分区应力场反演结果显示, 研究区中、 西部最大主应力方向为近NS向, 与北天山西段构造应力场方向相一致。     

吉林-黑龙江高压变质带的初步厘定:证据和意义

本文定义的吉林-黑龙江高压变质带是指我国东北地区佳木斯-兴凯地块西缘和南缘共同发育的呈弧形展布的高压变质带,具体包括佳木斯-兴凯地块西缘增生杂岩带(黑龙江蓝片岩带和张广才-小兴安岭增生杂岩带)和佳木斯-兴凯地块南缘的长春-延吉增生杂岩带.其中佳木斯-兴凯地块西缘增生杂岩带形成于晚三叠-早侏罗世(180 ～ 210Ma),为佳木斯-兴凯地块向西冲增生而形成的高压变质带;而长春-延吉增生杂岩带由一系列特征性俯冲-增生杂岩组成,包括石头口门-烟筒山红帘石片岩带、呼兰群变质杂岩、色洛河群变质杂岩、青龙村群变质杂岩和开山屯变质杂岩等,形成时代为187～230Ma,峰期为220～230Ma.长春-延吉增生杂岩带曾被认为是西拉木伦河断裂带的东延部分,但是区域构造分析表明,它们形成的动力学背景与佳木斯-兴凯地块西缘增生杂岩带相同,均为太平洋板块三叠纪-早侏罗世的西向俯冲导致佳木斯-兴凯地块自东向西的“剪刀式”闭合过程.我们将佳木斯-兴凯地块西缘和南缘发育的三叠纪-早侏罗世增生杂岩带作为统一的构造单元来考虑,结合该区发育有典型的高压变质带,因此命名为“吉林-黑龙江高压变质带,简称吉黑高压带”.吉黑高压带形成于太平洋板块三叠纪-早侏罗世的西向俯冲导致佳木斯-兴凯地块自东向西的“剪刀式”闭合的过程,同时该带记录了古亚洲构造域的结束和太平洋俯冲开始的关键时期,为两大构造域叠加与转换的关键性地质证据.     

大兴安岭植被NDVI变化及其对气候的响应

利用S-G(Savitsky-Golay)滤波对2000—2016年呼伦贝尔市境内的大兴安岭植被NDVI序列进行逐栅格重构并剔除突变点,结合大兴安岭海拔、坡向、坡度等地理因子和气温、降水等气象因子,分析大兴安岭植被生长季NDVI的变化及其对气候的响应。结果表明:大兴安岭植被NDVI生长季均值呈上升趋势,平均增速为0. 029/10 a。植被NDVI随海拔的增加呈现先缓慢减小后迅速增加的趋势,随坡向变化不大,随坡度的增加而增加。植被NDVI的生长季均值与1 a前和2 a年前的降水呈现显著的正相关,具有明显的滞后性。在每年植被恢复生长初期各海拔植被均与气温呈现极显著的正相关,年内植被NDVI与降水的相关性在垂直方向上存在较大差异。     

DERF2.0模式对贵州延伸期、月预测质量对比分析

利用2014—2016年第二代月动力延伸预测模式业务系统(DERF2. 0)直接输出及预报员预报的贵州省气温和降水预报数据、贵州省84站观测数据,采用Ps、Cs和Zs 3种评分方法评估了DERF2. 0对贵州月气温、降水和月内强降水过程的预测性能,并与预报员业务值班发布的预报质量进行对比分析,系统性地对DERF2. 0产品在延伸期/月尺度的预测效果进行检验评估。结果表明:DERF2. 0月预测产品总体上对贵州气温的预测性能优于降水,气温偏高预测的可参考性高于其对气温偏低的预测。DERF2. 0预报月气温的Ps评分较预报员略高,月降水较预报员略低,总体来看DERF2. 0月预测效果较预报员综合预报略差且预报性能较不稳定。预报员预测数据的Zs和Cs评分总体高于DERF2. 0预测数据,但DERF2. 0预测数据的Zs和Cs评分较预报员逐年提高,尤其在整个雨季时段较为明显。DERF2. 0对主汛期(6—8月)的预报准确率较整个雨季期(4—10月)略高。