Lithospheric folding in the southern North Sea: combined effects of Alpine compression and North Atlantic Ocean opening

Late Cretaceous to Palaeogene graben inversion in the southern North Sea is classically related to Alpine compression. Regional deformation analysis of Upper Cretaceous sediments based on seismic and well data reveals the existence of large-scale NW-SE folds. Folding patterns are interpreted as the result of lithospheric buckling during NE-SW shortening. We suggest that graben inversion at the scale of the southern North Sea is only a part of a more general process, involving lithospheric folding. Folding developed in response to two major plate boundary conditions, that is, E-W to NE-SW opening of the Atlantic Ocean constrained to the southeast by N-S Alpine collision. Lithospheric folding might have influenced both the oil generation process and reservoir properties in this area.     

大兴安岭中段五岔沟地区蛤蟆沟林场A型花岗岩年代学、岩石地球化学及构造背景研究

对大兴安岭中部五岔沟镇蛤蟆沟林场花岗岩体研究结果表明,蛤蟆沟林场花岗岩体主要岩性组合为碱长花岗岩、黑云母正长花岗岩、黑云母二长花岗岩和花岗斑岩,其LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb测年结果为136.97±0.99Ma、135.85±0.78Ma、126.04±0.48Ma和135.87±0.49Ma,表明其形成时代为早白垩世。岩石主量元素具有富硅、富钾的特征,A/CNK值介于0.997~1.05之间,稀土元素相对富集轻稀土元素、亏损重稀土元素,并具有较为明显的Eu负异常,微量元素相对富集大离子亲石元素和高场强元素,贫Ba、Sr、Ti、P,这些特征表明蛤蟆沟林场花岗岩为铝质A型花岗岩,是中下地壳岩石部分熔融的产物,形成于大陆裂谷或板内构造环境（A1型花岗岩）,代表了伸展的大地构造背景,可能是受到古太平洋俯冲和蒙古鄂霍次克洋闭合的双重影响。     

Magnetotelluric soundings and crustal architecture at Century mine,northern Australia

Magnetotelluric soundings were obtained along two traverse lines to the north and west of the Century mine in northwest Queensland. The survey was designed to cross the Termite Range Fault, a major structure on the Lawn Hill Platform, and to provide insights into the crustal-scale architecture that may have controlled the location of this world-class zinc deposit. The projected surface trace of the Termite Range Fault is coincident with a major change in resistivity character that extends to a significant depth. A relatively flat-lying, stacked series of resistive/conductive layers occurs on the northeastern side of the fault , while on the southwestern side the resistive/conductive layers are much less evident. The major contrast in resistivity is interpreted as due to a steep northeast-dipping Termite Range Fault that may extend to 20 km depth. To the southwest of the Termite Range Fault, a second major fault, the Riversleigh Lineament, is inferred from geology and gravity data, although there is no corresponding resistivity contrast seen across this fault in the magnetotelluric-derived model. This fault is interpreted as a buried structure, as distinct from the reactivated Termite Range Fault, and the two faults together may have created a wide damage zone (with an associated strike change) in the crust. A regional-scale 3D geological model of the Lawn Hill Platform provides a basis for correlating the resistive/conductive layers with major lithological units in the area. The stacked layers in the 2D resistivity inversion model of the Termite Range Fault hangingwall are reasonably well correlated with lithological units, particularly in the near-surface. A key point is that although similar geological units occur on either side of the Termite Range Fault, the contrasting electrical properties of these units are pronounced and their source is not well constrained; increased carbonaceous material in the Termite Range Fault hangingwall units is implied. In addition, there is a strong gradient in the Bouguer gravity field in the region of the Termite Range Fault and Riversleigh Lineament structures. This gradient provides supporting evidence for a northeast-facing fault structure in the basement and cover architecture. Newly acquired seismic data in the area has yet to be evaluated and compared with the magnetotelluric model. These results demonstrate an important role for magnetotelluric soundings in determining resistivity contrasts relating to the configuration of geological units and the architecture of deep-seated mineralising faults.     

The first occurrence of the Paleocene Lygistepollenites balmei Zone in the Eastern Highlands region,New South Wales

Sub‐basaltic sediments in the Mt Royal Range area, studied with a view to testing models of the evolution of the Eastern Highlands, have yielded a palynoflora ascribed to the Paleocene Lygistepollenites balmei Zone. The palynofloras come from a core sampling sediment which accumulated when a stream was dammed by basalt. This is the first reported occurrence of a definite Paleocene flora in the Eastern Highlands region. Basalt in the vicinity of the core gave a K‐Ar age of 54.1 ± 0.3 Ma. The discrepancy between the pollen age and the K‐Ar date is considered to be relatively minor.     

Evidence for 1808–1770 Ma bimodal magmatism,sedimentation, high-temperature deformation and metamorphism in the Aileron Province,central Australia

Field relationships and LA-ICP-MS U–Pb geochronology from the Yundurbungu Hills (Aileron Province, central Australia) reveal a record of 1808–1770 Ma bimodal magmatism, sedimentation, high-temperature deformation and metamorphism. Specifically, the data presented here provide the first unequivocal evidence for ca 1774 Ma high-temperature deformation and metamorphism during the 1790–1770 Ma Yambah Event in the southern part of the North Australian Craton. Granitic lithologies were synkinematically emplaced between 1808 and 1770 Ma, with early phases recording D₁ deformation and the youngest phase postdating D₁ deformation. The protolith to a D₁ deformed metasedimentary unit was deposited between 1792 and 1774 Ma, followed by the intrusion and deformation of a composite mafic–felsic magmatic association at ca 1774 Ma. An S₁ migmatitic fabric in the composite mafic–felsic gneiss is truncated by the youngest (ca 1770 Ma) phase of granitic magmatism, constraining the timing of S₁ deformation. A second period of sedimentation appears to post-date D₁ deformation, with deposition occurring sometime after ca 1774 Ma. Subsequent overprinting during the 1590–1550 Ma Chewings Event is recorded by the growth of metamorphic monazite and zircon. This event deformed the ca 1774 Ma S₁ gneissic fabric, producing a composite S₁/S₂ gneissic fabric in early metasedimentary and magmatic lithologies and a simple S₂-only fabric in lithologies that were intruded or deposited after ca 1774 Ma. Consistent with previous work, we suggest that localised high-temperature deformation and bimodal magmatism at ca 1774 Ma in the Yundurbungu Hills is consistent with a back-arc setting linked to prolonged north-directed subduction.     

Mesozoic subduction of the paleo-pacific plate along the eastern margin of the Xing-Meng orogenic belt北大核心CSCD

The eastern pari of the Xing-Meng Orogenic Belt( XMOB )consists of the Lesser Xing'an-Zhangguangcai Range Orogenic belt, the Bureya-Jiamusi-khanka Block and the Sikhote-Alin accretionary belt. This area is located between the Paleo-Asian oceanic and Paleo-Pacific tectonic regimes. Recent researches imply that the Paleo-Pacific subduction might have begun since early Permian and influenced the both sides of the Mudanjiang Fault during Triassic, which generated a N-S trending magmatic belt and accretionary complexes, such as the Heilongjiang Complex. In Late Jurassic to Early Cretaceous, some tectono st rati graph ic terranes were produced in Sikhote-Alin, which were then dismembered and migrated northwards in late Early Cretaceous by sinistral strike-slip faults. The continental margin parallel transportion weakened subduction-related magmatism in NE China which was under an extensional setting. However, in Lite Cretaceous, the Paleo-Pacific subduction was re-Activated in the eastern XMOB, which contributed to the magmatism in Sikhote-Alin.     

Petrology,geochemistry and thermobarometry of the northern area of the Flamenco pluton,Coastal Range batholith,northern Chile. A thermal approach to the emplacement processes in the Jurassic andean batholiths

The Flamenco pluton is part of a N–S alignment of Late Triassic to Early Jurassic intrusive belt comprising the westernmost part of the Coastal Range batholith in northern Chile. The Jurassic-Cretaceous voluminous magmatism related to subduction in the western active continental margin of Gondwana is emplaced in the predominantly metasedimentary Paleozoic host-rocks of the Las Tórtolas formation, which in the northern area of the Flamenco pluton present an intense deformation, including the Chañaral mélange.Geochemically, the Flamenco pluton shows a wide compositional variability (SiO₂ between 48wt % and 67wt %). Gabbros, Qtz-diorites and tonalites, mesocratic and leucocratic granodiorites are classified as calc-alkaline, calcic, magnesian and metaluminous magmatism. Flamenco granitoids define cotectic linear evolution trends, typical of magmatic fractionation processes. Geochemical trends are consistent with magmas evolved from undersaturated and low-pressure melts, even though the absence of transitional contacts between intrusive units precludes in-situ fractionation. Although some granodioritic samples show crossed geochemical trends that point to the compositional field of metasediments, and large euhedral prismatic pinnite-biotite crystals, typical Crd pseudomorph, are observed in contact magmatic facies, geochemical assimilation processes are short range, and the occurrence of host-rocks xenoliths is limited to a few meters from the pluton contact.A thermal approach to the emplacement process has been constrained through the thermobarometric results and a 2D thermo-numerical model of the contact aureole. Some Qtz-diorites and granodiorites located in the north area of the pluton exhibit granulitic textures as Hbl-Pl-Qtz triple junctions, poikiloblastic Kfs and Qtz recrystallization. The Hbl–Pl pairs have been used for the thermobarometric study of this metamorphic process, resulting granoblastic equilibrium temperatures between 770 and 790 °C, whereas Hbl–Pl pairs in domains that preserve the original igneous textures yield temperatures above 820 °C. This is characteristic of self-granulitization processes during the sequential emplacement of composite batholiths.In addition, the thermal modeling was used in order to compare the expected and observed thermal contact aureole of the intrusive body. Model P-T conditions have been established between 3 and 4 kbars (extracted from the thermobarometric results), and temperatures between 1159 °C (liquidus temperature for a tonalitic composition) and 992 °C (fixed at the rheological threshold of a 50% crystal fraction). The thermal modeling estimates a homogeneous contact aureole, where the established temperatures for the melting reactions in the host-rocks are located at distances between 200 and 650 m from the magma chamber boundary, whereas the temperatures for Crd stabilization extend 1500 m far from the contact in the case of the emplacement at liquidus temperatures and 4 kbars. According to field observations, the contact aureole presents a scarce development in the northern area of the Flamenco pluton, with few migmatite outcrops and less than 1 Km in thickness for Crd-schists. However, in the southern contact, partially melted rocks are described at distances up to 2 km from the Flamenco pluton boundary.The processes of self-granulitization and the differences between the observed and calculated (by the thermal modeling of one single pulse) contact aureole suggests a process of incremental emplacement for the Flamenco pluton, by accretion of magmatic pulses from north to south (in its current position), where the thermal maturity reached through the repeated magmatic intrusion generates a more extensive area of high-grade metamorphism.     

大兴安岭北段岔路口斑岩Mo-热液脉状Zn-Pb成矿系统硫化物微量元素的分布、起源及其勘探指示

岔路口斑岩Mo-Zn-Pb矿床位于大兴安岭北段,是近年来新发现的超大型斑岩-热液脉状Mo-Zn-Pb成矿系统,脉状Zn-Pb矿化直接叠置在斑岩Mo矿化顶部。本文挑选岔路口斑岩型矿化及热液脉型矿化的黄铁矿、闪锌矿、方铅矿,通过EMPA、ICP-MS等多种方法分析硫化物的主微量元素组成,发现岔路口各阶段硫化物均富集Mo元素,相比于斑岩型矿化各阶段中的黄铁矿,Zn、Pb、Mn、Cd、Ga、Ag、Bi等元素在铅锌矿阶段内相对富集;相比于过渡阶段,铅锌阶段闪锌矿中Mo、Co元素及方铅矿中的Bi、Cd和Ag元素含量下降。微量元素在不同阶段内的变化可能是流体降温和天水混合的结果。黄铁矿的稀土总量与成矿岩体最接近,且与成矿岩体和围岩有相似的稀土配分模式,并有较明显的Eu负异常;黄铁矿宽广的Y/Ho比值(25.0~39.0)与成矿岩体的Y/Ho比值范围(27.4~38.7)最接近,同时包括了围岩相对较窄的Y/Ho比值(25.7~31.3),这表明成矿物质主要与成矿岩体同源,可能加入了一定量的围岩物质,岔路口硫化物富Mo的特征受控于深部斑岩Mo矿化岩浆-热液系统。对比东秦岭-大别W-Mo-Pb-Zn矿集区的远源热液脉状Pb-Zn矿床,岔路口浅部近源脉状矿化中的黄铁矿具有更高含量Mo/Ag-Bi/Sb比值和Mo/Pb-Sn/Sb比值,因此浅部硫化物的高Mo含量以及黄铁矿中相关元素比值的高值,可为脉状Zn-Pb矿化附近隐伏斑岩钼矿化的勘探提供新线索。此外,与其他热液脉状和斑岩型矿床相比,岔路口矿床硫化物更富集中高温元素;且综合分析多类矿床的硫化物的微量元素后,本文还初步查明不同矿床类型硫化物富集的微量元素,这一尝试可为矿床成因的判断提供新的思路。     

维拉斯托稀有金属-锡多金属矿床铌铁矿族矿物特征及其对岩浆-热液演化的指示

大兴安岭南段维拉斯托大型稀有金属-锡多金属矿床的成矿岩体从深部的中粒花岗岩向上逐渐过渡为斑状细粒碱长花岗岩,记录了岩浆演化的不同阶段。为查明铌铁矿族矿物成分、结构变化及其与岩浆演化过程的耦合关系,文章对采自不同深度的3种类型花岗岩（中粒花岗岩、石英斑晶不具雪球结构的斑状细粒富云母碱长花岗岩和具雪球结构的斑状细粒碱长花岗岩）中的铌铁矿族矿物进行了详细的电子探针成分分析和元素面扫工作。维拉斯托矿床铌铁矿族矿物主要为铌铁矿,发育渐变环带结构,从核部到边部Ta含量增加,且斑状细粒富云母碱长花岗岩和斑状细粒碱长花岗岩铌铁矿族矿物边部的铌铁矿、铌锰矿相较于幔部和核部的铌铁矿,其Ta含量具有明显的组分间隔;铌铁矿族矿物Mn/(Fe+Mn)原子比具有多种演化趋势,与分离结晶的矿物相和流体交代作用有关。中粒花岗岩和斑状细粒富云母碱长花岗岩中的铌铁矿结晶于岩浆阶段,斑状细粒碱长花岗岩中的铌铁矿族矿物结晶于岩浆-热液过渡阶段。其中,斑状细粒富云母碱长花岗岩铌铁矿边部Ta含量增加与铁锂云母的分离结晶作用有关,斑状细粒碱长花岗斑岩铌铁矿族矿物边部Ta含量的突变与岩浆-热液过渡阶段的水硅酸盐液体中Ta溶解度的增加...     

大兴安岭北段漠河地区早古生代花岗质岩体:对额尔古纳-兴安地块碰撞后伸展过程的响应SCIEI北大核心CSCD

本文报道了大兴安岭北段漠河地区早古生代二长花岗岩的岩相学、锆石U-Pb年龄、Hf同位素组成以及全岩主-微量元素地球化学数据,以揭示古亚洲洋构造域早古生代期间的构造-岩浆演化过程。漠河地区花岗岩中锆石发育典型的岩浆振荡生长环带和高Th/U比值,表明为岩浆成因锆石,其LA-ICP-MS U-Pb同位素测试结果显示漠河地区花岗岩形成于482~456Ma,代表奥陶纪-志留纪岩浆活动的产物。花岗岩主体为二长花岗岩,主要矿物组成为石英、斜长石和碱性长石,及少量黑云母。全岩主-微量元素地球化学分析结果显示,花岗岩具有高SiO_(2)、Al_(2)O_(3)和全碱(Na_(2)O+K_(2)O)含量,低MgO、Mg^(#)、Cr和Ni含量,并显示高钾钙碱性的属性;结合花岗岩准铝质特征,表明其属于高钾钙碱性I型花岗岩。此外,花岗岩样品富集大离子亲石元素(Rb、Ba、K、Sr等)和轻稀土元素,亏损高场强元素(Nb、Ta、P、Ti等)和重稀土元素,显示明显Eu负异常,与地壳组分的地球化学特征较为相似。花岗岩的锆石ε_(Hf)(t)值大多为正值,结合它们相应的Hf同位素二阶段模式年龄(1487~1106Ma),表明花岗岩的岩浆源区以中-新元古代期间新增生的年轻地壳组分为主,并且存在少量古老地壳物质的贡献。结合部分花岗岩样品重稀土元素亏损的特征,表明漠河地区早古生代花岗岩可能起源于石榴石角闪岩相和角闪岩相地壳物质的部分熔融作用,岩浆演化后期的分离结晶作用对岩浆成分的变化影响并不显著。结合额尔古纳地块广泛发育的同时期造山后岩石组合(A型花岗岩,双峰式岩石组合和碱性侵入体),本文认为漠河地区早古生代花岗岩是地幔物质底侵导致下地壳物质重熔的产物,与额尔古纳地块和兴安地块碰撞后的伸展环境下地幔物质上涌密切相关。