维拉斯托稀有金属-锡多金属矿床铌铁矿族矿物特征及其对岩浆-热液演化的指示

大兴安岭南段维拉斯托大型稀有金属-锡多金属矿床的成矿岩体从深部的中粒花岗岩向上逐渐过渡为斑状细粒碱长花岗岩,记录了岩浆演化的不同阶段。为查明铌铁矿族矿物成分、结构变化及其与岩浆演化过程的耦合关系,文章对采自不同深度的3种类型花岗岩（中粒花岗岩、石英斑晶不具雪球结构的斑状细粒富云母碱长花岗岩和具雪球结构的斑状细粒碱长花岗岩）中的铌铁矿族矿物进行了详细的电子探针成分分析和元素面扫工作。维拉斯托矿床铌铁矿族矿物主要为铌铁矿,发育渐变环带结构,从核部到边部Ta含量增加,且斑状细粒富云母碱长花岗岩和斑状细粒碱长花岗岩铌铁矿族矿物边部的铌铁矿、铌锰矿相较于幔部和核部的铌铁矿,其Ta含量具有明显的组分间隔;铌铁矿族矿物Mn/(Fe+Mn)原子比具有多种演化趋势,与分离结晶的矿物相和流体交代作用有关。中粒花岗岩和斑状细粒富云母碱长花岗岩中的铌铁矿结晶于岩浆阶段,斑状细粒碱长花岗岩中的铌铁矿族矿物结晶于岩浆-热液过渡阶段。其中,斑状细粒富云母碱长花岗岩铌铁矿边部Ta含量增加与铁锂云母的分离结晶作用有关,斑状细粒碱长花岗斑岩铌铁矿族矿物边部Ta含量的突变与岩浆-热液过渡阶段的水硅酸盐液体中Ta溶解度的增加...     

小秦岭地区古元古代晚期花岗岩的LA- ICP- MS U- Pb年龄、地球化学特征及其构造意义

古元古代晚期的花岗岩类在华北克拉通南缘广泛分布,记录了区域岩石圈演化的重要信息。通过对小秦岭地区南部沿小河断裂出露的花岗岩类的锆石LA- ICP- MS U- Pb年代学、岩石地球化学和Nd—Hf同位素地球化学研究,为小秦岭地区古元古代晚期的地壳演化提供了依据。自西向东,小河中粗粒二长花岗岩、小河细粒二长花岗岩和贵家峪花岗闪长岩的结晶年龄分别为1831±32 Ma、1860±13 Ma和1811±10 Ma。3个花岗岩体均以富硅（67. 4%~76. 0%）和高碱（7. 47%~9. 33%）为特征,属于高碱钙碱性到钾玄岩类。地球化学特征表明两个小河花岗岩体属I型花岗岩,具有碰撞型花岗岩特征,其中形成年龄为1831 Ma花岗岩具有高的Sr/Y（26. 56~49. 52）和(La/Yb)N（31. 35~236. 71）值、Eu负异常（0. 42~0. 68）,表明源区残留有石榴子石和少量的斜长石;贵家峪花岗闪长岩具有较高的FeOT/MgO值（17. 7~29. 2）和10000Ga/Al值（2. 95~3. 17）,表现出造山后A2型花岗岩特征,与1831 Ma的地壳相比,地壳厚度明显减薄。3个岩体的岩浆锆石εHf(t)=-10. 5~-4. 5,两阶段模式年龄TDM2=2781~3122 Ma,全岩的εHf(t)=-7. 5~-4. 5,TDM2=2667~2888 Ma,均指示了其物质来源于中到新太古代古老基底的部分熔融。这期岩浆事件可能是小秦岭区域对1. 85 Ga吕梁运动的响应,反映了碰撞造山作用地壳增厚向碰撞后地壳伸展减薄这一演化过程。     

大兴安岭南段锡多金属矿床成矿规律与矿床模型

大兴安岭南段是我国北方最重要的锡矿带,本文对其时空分布和成矿规律进行了系统总结,并提出了大兴安岭南段锡多金属矿深部动力学模型和矿床模型,旨在推动区域进一步锡银找矿工作。研究表明,锡多金属矿形成于伸展构造环境,具有明显的成群分布特点,空间上夹持在二连—贺根山、黄岗—甘珠尔庙和西拉木伦深大断裂带之间,矿化时代集中在150~130 Ma之间,但在个别大中型矿床中表现出多期成矿的特征。尽管锡矿化规模巨大,但目前揭露的高分异含矿花岗岩体并不多见,成矿作用可能与该区高的成矿元素背景值有关,但同时矿体下部可能存在隐伏高分异岩体。锡多金属成矿系统以锡铅锌银为主,鲜有共生或伴生钨矿化,不同阶段或类型矿化是深部岩浆房多期次出溶的不同或相同性质流体共同作用的结果,同时成矿流体与围岩的反应也会影响流体的组成和演化。岩浆流体出溶、地层活化萃取、地幔物质、大气降水、热卤水和变质热液共同参与了成矿作用,尤其是深部镁铁质岩浆底侵及脱气不仅为成矿提供了热源,同时也可能提供了大量的成矿元素和挥发组分。在成矿过程中,流体温压的下降、不同来源流体混合、超临界流体不混溶作用、流体多次沸腾和水岩反应等是金属元素超常富集的主要机制。     

大兴安岭北段漠河地区早古生代花岗质岩体:对额尔古纳-兴安地块碰撞后伸展过程的响应SCIEI北大核心CSCD

本文报道了大兴安岭北段漠河地区早古生代二长花岗岩的岩相学、锆石U-Pb年龄、Hf同位素组成以及全岩主-微量元素地球化学数据,以揭示古亚洲洋构造域早古生代期间的构造-岩浆演化过程。漠河地区花岗岩中锆石发育典型的岩浆振荡生长环带和高Th/U比值,表明为岩浆成因锆石,其LA-ICP-MS U-Pb同位素测试结果显示漠河地区花岗岩形成于482~456Ma,代表奥陶纪-志留纪岩浆活动的产物。花岗岩主体为二长花岗岩,主要矿物组成为石英、斜长石和碱性长石,及少量黑云母。全岩主-微量元素地球化学分析结果显示,花岗岩具有高SiO_(2)、Al_(2)O_(3)和全碱(Na_(2)O+K_(2)O)含量,低MgO、Mg^(#)、Cr和Ni含量,并显示高钾钙碱性的属性;结合花岗岩准铝质特征,表明其属于高钾钙碱性I型花岗岩。此外,花岗岩样品富集大离子亲石元素(Rb、Ba、K、Sr等)和轻稀土元素,亏损高场强元素(Nb、Ta、P、Ti等)和重稀土元素,显示明显Eu负异常,与地壳组分的地球化学特征较为相似。花岗岩的锆石ε_(Hf)(t)值大多为正值,结合它们相应的Hf同位素二阶段模式年龄(1487~1106Ma),表明花岗岩的岩浆源区以中-新元古代期间新增生的年轻地壳组分为主,并且存在少量古老地壳物质的贡献。结合部分花岗岩样品重稀土元素亏损的特征,表明漠河地区早古生代花岗岩可能起源于石榴石角闪岩相和角闪岩相地壳物质的部分熔融作用,岩浆演化后期的分离结晶作用对岩浆成分的变化影响并不显著。结合额尔古纳地块广泛发育的同时期造山后岩石组合(A型花岗岩,双峰式岩石组合和碱性侵入体),本文认为漠河地区早古生代花岗岩是地幔物质底侵导致下地壳物质重熔的产物,与额尔古纳地块和兴安地块碰撞后的伸展环境下地幔物质上涌密切相关。     

Geochemistry, Fluid Inclusions and Sulfur Isotopes of the Goshgarchay Cu-Au Deposit (Western Azerbaijan) in Lesser Caucasus: Implications for the Origins of Ore-forming Fluids

The Goshgarchay Cu-Au deposit is located in the central part of the northwest flank of the Murovdagh region in the Lesser Caucasus. The Goshgarchay Cu-Au deposit is associated with Middle Jurassic volcanic and Late Jurassic–Early Cretaceous high-K calc-alkaline intrusive rocks. The Cu-Au mineralization is commonly related to quartz-sericite-chlorite alteration dominantly composed of chalcopyrite, gold, sphalerite, pyrite, bornite, hematite, covellite, chalcocite, malachite, and azurite. The Goshgarchay copper-gold deposit, which is 600 m wide and approximately 1.2 km long, is seen as a fault-controlled and vein-, stockwork– and disseminated type deposit. The Goshgarchay Cu-Au deposit predominantly comprises Cu (max. 64500 ppm) and Au (max. 11.3 ppm), while it comprises relatively less amounts Zn (max. 437 ppm), Mo (max. 47.5 ppm), Pb (max. 134 ppm), and Ag (max. 21 ppm). The homogenization temperatures and salinities of fluid inclusions in quartz for stage I range from 380°C to 327°C, and 6.9 wt% to 2.6 wt% NaCl eq., respectively. Th and salinities in quartz for stage II range from 304°C to 253°C, and 7.6 wt% to 3.2 wt% NaCl eq., respectively. The calculated δ34Sh2s values (?1.5‰ to 5.5‰) of sulfides and especially the narrow range of δ34Sh2s values of chalcopyrite and bornite (between ?0.07‰ and +0.7‰) indicate that the source of the Goshgarchay Cu-Au mineralization is magmatic. Based on the mineralogical, geochemical, fluid inclusion, and sulfur isotopic data, the Goshgarchay Cu-Au deposit represents a late stage peripheral magmatic-hydrothermal mineralization probably underlain by a concealed porphyry deposit.     

大兴安岭北段岔路口斑岩Mo-热液脉状Zn-Pb成矿系统硫化物微量元素的分布、起源及其勘探指示

岔路口斑岩Mo-Zn-Pb矿床位于大兴安岭北段,是近年来新发现的超大型斑岩-热液脉状Mo-Zn-Pb成矿系统,脉状Zn-Pb矿化直接叠置在斑岩Mo矿化顶部。本文挑选岔路口斑岩型矿化及热液脉型矿化的黄铁矿、闪锌矿、方铅矿,通过EMPA、ICP-MS等多种方法分析硫化物的主微量元素组成,发现岔路口各阶段硫化物均富集Mo元素,相比于斑岩型矿化各阶段中的黄铁矿,Zn、Pb、Mn、Cd、Ga、Ag、Bi等元素在铅锌矿阶段内相对富集;相比于过渡阶段,铅锌阶段闪锌矿中Mo、Co元素及方铅矿中的Bi、Cd和Ag元素含量下降。微量元素在不同阶段内的变化可能是流体降温和天水混合的结果。黄铁矿的稀土总量与成矿岩体最接近,且与成矿岩体和围岩有相似的稀土配分模式,并有较明显的Eu负异常;黄铁矿宽广的Y/Ho比值(25.0~39.0)与成矿岩体的Y/Ho比值范围(27.4~38.7)最接近,同时包括了围岩相对较窄的Y/Ho比值(25.7~31.3),这表明成矿物质主要与成矿岩体同源,可能加入了一定量的围岩物质,岔路口硫化物富Mo的特征受控于深部斑岩Mo矿化岩浆-热液系统。对比东秦岭-大别W-Mo-Pb-Zn矿集区的远源热液脉状Pb-Zn矿床,岔路口浅部近源脉状矿化中的黄铁矿具有更高含量Mo/Ag-Bi/Sb比值和Mo/Pb-Sn/Sb比值,因此浅部硫化物的高Mo含量以及黄铁矿中相关元素比值的高值,可为脉状Zn-Pb矿化附近隐伏斑岩钼矿化的勘探提供新线索。此外,与其他热液脉状和斑岩型矿床相比,岔路口矿床硫化物更富集中高温元素;且综合分析多类矿床的硫化物的微量元素后,本文还初步查明不同矿床类型硫化物富集的微量元素,这一尝试可为矿床成因的判断提供新的思路。     

Scanning geometry: Influencing factor on the quality of terrestrial laser scanning points

A terrestrial laser scanner measures the distance to an object surface with a precision in the order of millimeters. The quality of the individual points in a point cloud, although directly affecting standard processing steps like point cloud registration and segmentation, is still not well understood. The quality of a scan point is influenced by four major factors: instrument mechanism, atmospheric conditions, object surface properties and scan geometry. In this paper, the influence of the scan geometry on the individual point precision or local measurement noise is considered. The local scan geometry depends on the distance and the orientation of the scanned surface, relative to the position of the scanner. The local scan geometry is parameterized by two main parameters, the range, i.e. the distance from the object to the scanner and the incidence angle, i.e. the angle between incoming laser beam and the local surface normal. In this paper, it is shown that by studying the influence of the local scan geometry on the signal to noise ratio, the dependence of the measurement noise on range and incidence angle can be successfully modeled if planar surfaces are observed. The implications of this model is demonstrated further by comparing two point clouds of a small room, obtained from two different scanner positions: a center position and a corner position. The influence of incidence angle on the noise level is quantified on scans of this room, and by moving the scanner by 2 m, it is reduced by 20%. The improvement of the standard deviation is significant, going from 3.23 to 2.55 mm. It is possible to optimize measurement setups in such a way that the measurement noise due to bad scanning geometry is minimized and therefore contribute to a more efficient acquisition of point clouds of better quality.     

Statistical analysis of signal measurement in time-of-flight cameras

Three-dimensional imaging systems have evolved significantly in the last two decades due to increase in demand for tasks in the field of close range photogrammetry. The fast and growing need of 3D imaging devices has given rise to range image technology, especially time-of-flight (TOF) cameras, that provide direct measurement of distance between the camera and the targeted surface. A significant advantage of TOF devices over traditional range data sensors is their capability to provide frame rate range data over a full image array. In phase shift TOF cameras, phase shift sampling of the received signal is used to measure amplitude, phase and the offset (intensity) of the received signal. As a result, the quality of the measurement of these sensors depends heavily on signal-to-noise (SNR) of the incoming signal and the subsequent processing algorithms. A detailed understanding of the statistical distributions of the measurement parameters is crucial for accurate distance measurement analysis especially in low SNR scenarios. In this paper, we provide explicit noise models for the three parameters of amplitude, phase and intensity. The proposed stochastic model helps in investigating the effect of noise on signal and classifying range data reliability in TOF cameras. The model is used for prediction of errors in a TOF camera under various SNR conditions. Experimental verification confirms the validity of the model using real data for range error classification under different noise conditions.     

大兴安岭旁开门金银矿床赋矿围岩的锆石U——Pb 年龄及其地质意义

大兴安岭旁开门金银矿床赋存在上侏罗统甘河组基性岩和下白垩统富林组中酸性火山岩中,其赋矿围岩蚀变流纹岩中单颗粒锆石U-Pb 年龄测定表明,21 个成分点中有1 组不谐和年龄( 141 ± 2 Ma、129 ± 2 Ma) 和3 组谐和年龄,后者的加权平均值分别为116. 2 ± 3. 4 Ma、112. 5 ± 1. 1 Ma 和 108. 2 ± 4. 2 Ma。结合锆石晶形和CL 图像特征,进一步确定流纹岩的成岩时代为早白垩世晚期,岩浆房冷却到岩浆热液期经历约8 Ma,成矿作用与富林组火山作用有关,发生在108 Ma 之后,其成矿与中国东北部陆缘晚中生代浅成热液金矿大规模成矿时代相一致。     

南岭地区锡多金属矿床空间数据库建设

南岭地区锡多金属矿床空间数据库建设是国家地质调查主管部门和南岭地区新一轮地质勘查、矿产开发的需要.数据库在Microsoft Access 2000和Mapgis软件中编辑制作,包括ACCESS(.mdb)和MAPGIS点文件(*.WT)两种格式的文件,由矿床基本情况与矿区地质情况两张基本表格和相应的表单、查询组成,矿...