Geology, Mineralization, Fluid Inclusion and Stable Isotope of the Early Cretaceous Sn and Associated Metal Deposits in the Southern Great Xing’an Range, NE China: A Review

The Southern Great Xing'an Range(SGXR) hosts a number of Early Cretaceous Sn and associated metal deposits, which can be divided into three principal types according to their geological characteristics: skarn type deposits, porphyry type deposits and hydrothermal vein type deposits. Fluid inclusion assemblages of different types of deposits are quite different, which represent the complexities of metallogenic process and formation mechanism. CH_4 and CO_2 have been detected in fluid inclusions from some of deposits, indicating that the ore-forming fluids are affected by materials of Permian strata. Hydrogen and oxygen isotope data from ore minerals and associated gangue minerals indicate that the initial ore fluids were dominated by magmatic waters, some of which had clearly exchanged oxygen with wall rocks during their passage through the strata. The narrow range for the δ~(34)S values presumably reflects the corresponding uniformity of the ore forming fluids, and these δ~(34)S values have been interpreted to reflect magmatic sources for the sulfur. The comparation between lead isotope ratios of ore minerals and different geological units' also reveals that deeply seated magma has been a significant source of lead in the ores.     

大兴安岭南段早白垩世早期后碰撞构造环境 ——来自林西县兰家营子辉长闪长岩的证据

对大兴安岭南段林西县以北兰家营子辉长闪长岩开展了系统的岩石学、锆石年代学和地球化学分析,以揭示该岩体的成因,并探讨大兴安岭南段早白垩世大地构造背景.锆石U-Pb定年结果表明,该岩体的形成时代为145.6±0.6 Ma,为早白垩世早期侵入体.地球化学分析结果表明,该岩体SiO2含量为53.38％～54.45％,K2 O含...     

GFS物理过程包在GRAPES区域模式中的实施及改进:单柱试验

将NCEP的中期全球预报系统（GFS）整套物理过程包引入GRAPES区域模式,并利用美国ARM计划（Atmospheric Radiation Measurement Program）南部大平原外场1997年夏加强观测资料,对GRAPES模式中原有物理过程和GFS物理过程进行了单柱试验的测试和比较,评估了两组物理过程的模拟性能。单柱试验结果表明GFS试验模拟的位温和水汽混合比演变更为准确;到地短波和长波辐射的误差更小;其模拟的地面向上潜热通量与观测更为接近,而原物理过程试验的感热偏大;GFS试验对2 m气温最高和最低值的模拟也比原有物理过程更接近观测。进一步分析降水的模拟发现,两组物理过程对强降水过程均有很好的预报能力,但对中等强度降水存在漏报或者发生时间偏晚的倾向,此外还存在对小雨的空报。在3个降水事件的模拟中,GFS试验模拟的降水误差小于原物理过程试验。最后还对两组试验中明显的降水过程漏报和降水延迟进行了分析,对GFS物理过程包中对流参数化的对流触发方式的修改,可改进此次降水的模拟,进而通过更准确的反馈过程,改善对大尺度场的模拟。     

利用接收函数方位变化研究太行山区地壳各向异性

探讨了利用接收函数方位变化研究各向异性复杂地区速度结构的可能性. 详细介绍了具有任意对称轴方向的横向各向同性系统中介质响应的计算过程,并将利用接收函数方位变化研究地壳各向异性的方法应用于华北太行山地区. 结果表明,研究台站下方地壳具有明显的各向异性特征,其中地表盖层表现为8％——15％的慢轴型各向异性;深部地壳各向异性略小,表现为3％——5％的快轴型各向异性特征. 不同台站获得的各向异性对称轴的方向及深度分布不具有明显的一致性. 区域构造环境的变化可能是导致地壳各向异性存在的原因.      

Associations between zircon and Fe–Ti oxides in Hiltaba event magmatic rocks,South Australia: atomic- or pluton-scale processes?

Abstract

The Hiltaba Suite intrusive rocks and penecontemporaneous Gawler Range Volcanics (GRV) comprise the 1590?Ma Gawler silicic large igneous province in the Gawler Craton, South Australia. Zircon is principally associated with Fe–Ti oxides and clusters of touching crystals in these rocks, including in the Roxby Downs Granite (RDG), host of the Olympic Dam iron oxide–copper–gold deposit, and in other intrusive rocks that comprise the Olympic Province. There has been no explicit evaluation and explanation of potential origins published for concentrations of zircon with Fe–Ti oxides (herein zircon-rich clusters) found in these and similar rocks of western North America and elsewhere. Here we use U–Pb geochronology, mineral morphologies and compositions, and insights from surface chemistry and liquid-bound particle interaction studies to investigate zircon-rich clusters and provide a model for their formation. U–Pb geochronology does not reveal any concordant zircon populations older than ca 1590?Ma, so it is unlikely that there are significant xenocrystic zircon grains or that the zircons include significant inherited cores. The lack of pre-magmatic zircon, consistent intra-grain and inter-grain zircon compositional trends, the predominance of oscillatory zoned zircon with morphologies indicating growth from hot, evolved silicate melts, and the lack of evidence for zircon recrystallisation, indicates that zircon crystallised in the host GRV and RDG magmas. Variable zircon compositions within individual clusters does not support epitaxial nucleation of zircon on Fe–Ti oxides, but it is likely that some zircon grains grew from seed crystals formed by exsolution of Zr from Fe–Ti oxides. Aggregation of isolated, liquid-bound crystals is energetically favourable, and the grainsize discrepancy between larger crystals (Fe–Ti oxides, pyroxenes) and smaller accessory minerals (zircon, apatite) maximises the disparity in particle velocities and hence enhances the opportunities for collisions and adhesion between these crystals. We propose that zircon adheres to Fe–Ti oxides with greater ease and/or with greater bond strengths, than to other phases present in the parental magmas. It is possible that this association is related to interactions between zircon and Fe–Ti oxide surface sites with opposing charges, presuming the distance between phase surfaces is sufficiently small. The occurrence of small zircon grains within Fe–Ti oxides and both euhedral zircon and zircon with asymmetric growth zonation in contact with Fe–Ti oxides indicates that several processes are responsible for the high concentrations of zircon crystals in some Fe–Ti oxide clusters.

1. Zircon is principally associated with Fe--Ti oxides in 1.59 Ga Gawler Range Volcanics (GRV) and Roxby Downs Granite (RDG)

2. U–Pb geochronology does not reveal any concordant zircon populations older than ca 1590?Ma

3. Zircon compositions and morphologies indicate that zircon crystallised in the host RDG and GRV magmas and suggest recharge, reheating and mixing occurred in these magmatic systems

4. Seed crystals, aggregation and surface chemical affinities contributed to the strong association of zircon and Fe–Ti oxides

     

大兴安岭中部塔尔气中侏罗世碰撞后花岗质岩石的确定及地质意义

大兴安岭地区以发育巨量显生宙花岗岩为特征,而且通过对这些花岗质岩浆作用的期次、特征以及成因进行研究对于探讨中国东北地区构造-岩浆演化历史具有重要意义。本文通过对大兴安岭中部塔尔气杂岩体进行锆石U-Pb年代学、全岩主量元素和微量元素以及锆石Hf同位素组成分析,确定这些花岗质岩石的形成时代、成因以及构造背景。塔尔气杂岩体是早石炭世、中侏罗世和早白垩世三期岩浆作用的产物,且中侏罗世花岗质岩石是塔尔气杂岩体的主体,其主要岩石类型为花岗闪长岩、二长花岗岩和正长花岗岩。这些花岗质岩石的锆石均呈自形-半自形,具有典型的震荡生长环带和高Th/U（0.35~2.02）比值,表明其为岩浆成因锆石。LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年龄结果显示中侏罗世花岗质岩石主要形成于173~166Ma。它们的SiO₂含量为70.54%~77.96%,Na₂O/K₂O比值为0.86~1.28,Al₂O₃含量为11.67%~14.83%,TiO₂含量为0.07%~0.60%,具有较低的MgO含量（0.02%~0.74%）,A/CNK值介于0.9~1.1,表明这些花岗质岩石属于高钾钙碱性I型花岗岩,具有准铝质-弱过铝质特征。塔尔气中侏罗世花岗质岩石富集Rb、Th、U、Zr和轻稀土元素,亏损Ba、Nb、Ta、Sr、Ti和重稀土元素,且具有中等到强烈的铕负异常。此外,它们的锆石¹⁷⁶Hf/¹⁷⁷Hf值为0.282874~0.282985,ε_Hf（t）值为+7.01~+10.9,二阶段模式年龄为768~516Ma。上述地球化学特征暗示其原始岩浆源于新元古代-显生宙期间新增生陆壳物质的部分熔融,源区残留相主要为斜长石和角闪石,并在岩浆演化过程中经历了斜长石和钾长石等矿物的分离结晶作用。结合前人研究成果,认为研究区中侏罗世花岗质岩石形成于碰撞后伸展环境,可能与蒙古-鄂霍茨克洋闭合后的岩石圈拆沉作用有关。     

大兴安岭东北部永新金矿床金银系列矿物和碲化物的发现及其意义

永新金矿床是早白垩世晚期形成的浅成低温热液型金矿床。对其主要金银系列矿物和碲化物研究显示:金银系列矿物中Au质量分数为65.092%~90.713%(平均为83.942%),Ag为5.652%~16.632%(平均为11.285%);以自然金和银金矿为主,成色集中在870.2~941.3(平均为881.1),主要以包体金、粒间金和裂隙金的形式存在,粒径集中在10~20 μm;碲化物主要有辉碲铋矿、碲金银矿、碲银矿和碲铅矿等,以碲银矿数量最多,主要包裹于黄铁矿内部或产于裂隙中,常与自然金和方铅矿连生,粒径多为5~20 μm。综合研究碲化物组合特征、不同标高金矿物的成色、Te/Au值等认为,永新金矿床碲化物形成时成矿流体的lgf(Te₂)介于-15.2~-9.4范围,lgf(S₂)介于-16.7~-14.0范围,矿床与火山或次火山热液有关,具备中浅成成矿特征,深部尚有较大成矿潜力。     

U–Pb geochronology and Raman spectroscopy of zircons from the granites in the Xihuashan and Tieshanlong Deposit: Implications for W‐Sn mineralization in Southern Jiangxi Province,South China

The Xihuashan and Tieshanlong tungsten deposit is an important large quartz vein‐type W‐polymetallic deposit in the southern Jiangxi Province, eastern Nanling Range. Zircon U–Pb analyses of representative ore‐forming granites from the Xihuashan and Tieshanlong tungsten deposit yield ages of 146.3 ± 2.9 Ma and 146.0 ± 3.8 Ma, respectively. According to the zircon Raman spectroscopy, these granitic rocks are disturbed by different degrees of hydrothermal alteration, whereas most zircons exhibit primary oscillatory zoning and Th/U ratios in the range of magmatic zircon, which means the analysis results represent the crystallization age of metallogenetic granitic assemblages. In combination with regional geological data, it is suggested that the Late Jurassic is probably another important episode of granitic magmatism and W‐Sn mineralization in southern Jiangxi Provinces, even South China.     

大兴安岭造山带及两侧邻区莫霍面深度与泊松比分布特征

利用2009～2016年内蒙古自治区数字地震台网宽频带固定地震台站的远震波形数据,采用接收函数H-k算法获得23个基岩台站下方的莫霍面深度和泊松比,同时,收集并筛选出277个已有探测台阵和流动台站的接收函数研究结果,综合分析给出大兴安岭造山带及两侧邻区莫霍面深度、泊松比的分布特征。研究表明,研究区域的莫霍面在整体上呈现自东向西逐渐加深的特征,莫霍面深度为25.0～42.3km,平均约为33.5km。莫霍面最浅的区域为松辽盆地(深度为27.0～35.0km),最深的区域为大兴安岭重力梯级带以西地区(深度为41.0～42.3km)。研究区域泊松比为0.19～0.33,平均值为0.26,大于全球大陆地壳的平均值。泊松比高值异常区集中在火山岩区及具有较厚沉积层的盆地。台站所处位置的海拔与莫霍面深度之间具有较强的正相关性,艾里补偿模式在研究区成立,莫霍面起伏与区域地形地貌特征间具有显著的镜像关系。大兴安岭地区的莫霍面深度与泊松比间存在显著的反相关关系,而在松辽盆地及周缘地区未发现明显的规律性,这也意味着松辽盆地在构造演化过程中经历了更为复杂的地壳改造过程。     

关于1856年黔江-咸丰地震震中烈度与震级的探讨

1856年黔江-咸丰地震在不同版本的目录中,震级和震中烈度均存在不小的差异。本文通过对1856年黔江-咸丰地震史料的收集,查阅更大范围的史志、地方志,详细分析了史料中此次地震造成的震害情况。对黔江-咸丰地震进行实地考查,并通过对西南山区近年来几次地震的对比分析,从震害角度、地震烈度图不同烈度面积的角度,进一步讨论震中烈度的可能性。采用多种方法对地震震级进行估算。但黔江-咸丰地震的震中烈度和震级确定依然是个难题,还需进行进一步研究。