相山居隆庵21号带铀矿床水文地质条件及矿坑涌水量估算

居隆庵菱形断块是相山地区重要铀资源基地,21号带地处居隆庵菱形断块的西部,水文地质条件属简单-中等类型,相对其它矿床更为复杂。笔者采用狭长水平坑道法和水文地质比拟法对该矿床进行矿坑涌水量估算,其钻孔单位涌水量0.1L·(s-1·m-1),预测矿坑涌水量29m3·h-1。研究显示,矿床主要含水带(构造及裂隙)富水性弱且不均,导通性不强;而地下水补给条件好,水压高。在矿床开采过程中应加强监测,及时判断可能出现的涌水量变化情况,保证生产安全。     

鄂尔多斯盆地定边地区延安组沉积体系及聚煤规律

以定边地区钻孔成果及测井新资料为基础,运用沉积学研究方法对区内延安组沉积体系、沉积微相及聚煤规律进行了研究,认为本区延安组一段、四段主要发育辫状河、曲流河沉积体系,由于辫状河的“游荡性”其成煤作用较差,曲流河河漫沼泽成煤作用相对较好,而河流沉积体系成煤作用总体较差,煤层厚度交化大、层位不稳定、多次分叉或合并、结构复杂.延安组二段、三段主要发育三角洲沉积体系,三角洲平原泥炭沼泽环境是有利的成煤场所,其煤层层位及厚度稳定、结构简单、分布范围广,是本区乃至整个鄂尔多斯盆地主要成煤沉积体系.     

黑龙江大兴安岭地区航磁异常的筛选与查证经验

在完成大兴安岭地区 1∶ 5 万航空物探测量工作基础上,结合相关地质、化探、遥感、地形等资料,采用 “综合筛选”原则对区内的航磁异常进行了筛选,并择优对重点异常开展了综合查证。将区内航磁异常划分为 9 种类型,并对典型的异常区的地质、物化等资料做了详细分析,初步总结了查证经验,为今后区域基础地质、矿产勘查及找矿等工作提供较明确的地球物理依据。     

大兴安岭中部第四纪火山岩中石榴石橄榄岩捕虏体的初步研究

大兴安岭中部的绰尔河-哈拉河地区分布有近30座第四纪火山,初步分为更新世火山和全新世火山两期。火山岩中含有丰富的尖晶石橄榄岩和石榴石橄榄岩捕虏体,石榴石橄榄岩的类型主要是石榴石二辉橄榄岩。根据绰尔河新鲜的石榴石二辉橄榄岩P-T平衡条件估计（1164℃,2．36GPa）,其形成深度约76km。这与中国东部其它地方四相共存的石榴石二辉橄榄岩类似,区别于五相共存的尖晶石／石榴石二辉橄榄岩形成条件（〈70km）,证实它们是来自尖晶石二辉橄榄岩与石榴石二辉橄榄岩相转变带之下深度超过70km的石榴石橄榄岩稳定区。     

南岭地区钨锡铌钽花岗岩及其成矿作用

在晚侏罗世时,南岭地区发生了与花岗岩有关的钨锡铌钽大规模成矿作用。依据花岗岩的岩石学、地球化学及其矿化特征,可将南岭地区含钨锡铌钽花岗岩划分为三个主要类型：含钨花岗岩、含锡钨花岗岩和含钽铌花岗岩。含钨花岗岩的地球化学特征可归纳为铝过饱和,低Ba+Sr 和TiO2,轻重稀土比值低,铕亏损强烈,富Y 和Rb,Rb/Sr 比值高,分异强烈。含锡钨花岗岩总体特征表现为TiO2 含量高,准铝质—弱过铝质,轻重稀土比值和CaO/(K2O+Na2O)比值高,富高场强元素、稀土、Ba+Sr 和Rb,低Rb/Sr 比值,分异演化程度较低。含钽铌花岗岩的地球化学特征主要为TiO2 含量和CaO/(K2O+Na2O)比值低,Al2O3/TiO2 和Rb/Sr 比值明显偏高,强过铝质,贫Ba+Sr、稀土和高场强元素,铕亏损强烈,明显富Rb 和Nb,高度分异演化。三类含矿花岗岩具有明显不同的演化特征,成矿作用与它们的演化密切相关。黑云母花岗岩主要与锡成矿作用有关,二云母花岗岩和白云母花岗岩主要产生钨矿化或锡钨共生矿化,钠长石花岗岩主要与钽铌或锡（钨）钽铌矿化有关。总结了南岭锡钨钽铌矿床的重要类型,提出了绿泥石化花岗岩型锡矿新类型,指出南岭地区要特别注意在含锡钨花岗岩中寻找此类锡矿和云英岩- 石英脉型锡钨矿。     

大兴安岭红山子盆地火山岩系岩石地层对比

针对大兴安岭南部中生代火山岩系岩石地层单位存在的时间跨度大、不同岩石地层单位时代重叠的问题,选择红山 子盆地火山岩进行SHRIMP 锆石U-Pb 测年,并结合其它地区已有的锆石U-Pb 年龄数据和岩石组合特征对比火山岩系岩石 地层。红山子盆地2 个碱性流纹岩样品（HS505 和HS102）和1 个高钾钙碱性流纹岩样品（HS601）所含锆石均具有明显的 振荡环带,Th/U比值高,属典型的岩浆成因锆石。SHRIMP 锆石U-Pb 测年结果表明,样品HS601 的10 个分析点的206Pb/238U 年龄变化范围为150~160 Ma,加权平均值为（156.5±1.6）Ma,MSWD=1.11;样品HS102 的11 个分析点的206Pb/238U 年龄范 围为153~159 Ma,加权平均值为（154.7±1.7）Ma,MSWD=0.77;样品HS505 的14 个分析点的206Pb/238U 年龄变化范围为 151~160 Ma,加权平均值为（156.5±1.4）Ma,MSWD=1.16。可见,红山子盆地火山岩的年龄范围为157~155 Ma,属晚侏 罗世早期。红山子盆地火山岩以高钾钙碱性流纹岩- 碱性流纹岩组合为特征,与新民组的岩石组合特征基本一致,且层位 相当,应归入新民组。大兴安岭南部地区原划归满克头鄂博组和玛尼吐组、但地质时代属晚侏罗世的长英质火山岩组合应 改归新民组,修正后的新民组与冀北-辽西髫髻山组或蓝旗组和大兴安岭北部塔木兰沟组铁镁质火山岩组合的地质时代一 致,显示出中国东北部晚侏罗世火山岩组合具有南北分带性。     

Acraman – Bunyeroo impact event (Ediacaran), South Australia,and environmental consequences: twenty-five years on

Multidisciplinary research during the past 25 years has established that the Acraman impact structure in the 1.59 Ga Gawler Range Volcanics on the Gawler Craton, and an ejecta horizon found 240?–?540 km from Acraman in the ??580 Ma Bunyeroo Formation in the Adelaide Fold Belt and Dey Dey Mudstone in the Officer Basin, record a Late Neoproterozoic (Ediacaran) event of major environmental importance. Research since 1995 has verified Acraman as a complex impact structure that has undergone as much as 3?–?5 km of denudation and which originally had a transient cavity up to 40 km in diameter and a final structural rim possibly 85?–?90 km in diameter. The estimated impact energy of 5.2?×?10⁶ Mt (TNT) for Acraman exceeds the threshold of 10⁶ Mt nominally set for global catastrophe, and the impact probably caused a severe perturbation of the Ediacaran environment. The occurrence of the impact at a low palaeolatitude (12.5 +?7.1/???6.1°) may have magnified the environmental effects by perturbing the atmosphere in both hemispheres. These findings are consistent with independent data from the Ediacaran palynology of Australia and from isotope and biomarker chemostratigraphy that the Acraman impact induced major biotic change. Future research should seek geological, isotopic and biological imprints of the Acraman?–?Bunyeroo impact event across Australia and on other continents.     

GPS在滑坡监测中的应用研究

本文主要介绍GPS用于地质灾害滑坡监测的技术和方法,并通过在中国四川雅安峡口滑坡示范区布设的GPS监测网的测量试验,阐述了在地形复杂、观测条件恶劣的山区进行GPS滑坡监测时,监测点位选择、监测网布设、数据处理的方法。监测结果表明,GPS滑坡监测的精度达到毫米级,完全可以应用于滑坡监测。      

辽东半岛早及中寒武世早期生物地层

辽东半岛寒武系发育良好,化石丰富,是研究寒武纪地层和三叶虫动物群的理想地区。笔者将下寒武统及中寒武统毛庄阶划分了7个生物带,其中新建立生物带1个,新划分出生物带2个,并与国内外有关地区进行对比。三叶虫动物群包括34个种,分属19个属和3个亚属。由于篇幅所限,本文只简要描述了带化石,新属、新种另文发表。     

River dissolved and solid loads in the Lesser Antilles: New insight into basalt weathering processes

We present here the first available estimations of chemical weathering and associated atmospheric CO₂ consumption rates as well as mechanical erosion rate for the Lesser Antilles. The chemical weathering (100–120 t/km²/year) and CO₂ consumption (1.1–1.4 × 10⁶ mol/km²/year) rates are calculated after subtraction of the atmospheric and hydrothermal inputs in the chemical composition of the river dissolved loads. These rates thus reflect only the low-temperature basalt weathering. Mechanical erosion rates (approx. 800–4000 t/km²/year) are estimated by a geochemical mass balance between the dissolved and solid loads and mean unaltered rock. The calculated chemical weathering rates and associated atmospheric CO₂ consumption rates are among the highest values worldwide but are still lower than those of other tropical volcanic islands and do not fit with the HCO₃⁻ concentration vs. 1/T correlation proposed by Dessert et al. (2001). The thick soils and explosive volcanism context of the Lesser Antilles are the two possible keys to this different weathering behaviour; the development of thick soils limits the chemical weathering and the presence of very porous pyroclastic flows allows an important water infiltration and thus subsurface weathering mechanisms, which are less effective for atmospheric CO₂ consumption.