对造山带古地理学在盆地构造——古地理重建中的若干思考

造山带古地理学在盆地构造--古地理重建中的若干思考的核心，是以活动论的构造观指导盆地分析。本文强调以发展的、动态演化的思路来研究盆地。现存的一个盆地，可能只是地史期间大盆地的残余（或残留）部分；或是原来彼此分开和独立的几个盆地内的沉积记录组成的沉积物拼盘。一个盆地内现存的次级构造单元可能由年轻的造山运动形成；另一种可能性则是原来的次级单元已被后来的构造-热事件模糊或遮蔽了。在盆地的建造过程中，隆起（包括次级隆起）的时起时伏十分常见；相应地，盆地间的时分时合也十分常见。在泛大陆旋回与大盆地发育间有着内在联系，即：大盆地发育受邻侧的洋盆演化和造山过程制约，故“盆”“山”间的耦合分析是正确认识盆地动态演化的钥匙。体现在构造--古地理重建中，造山带古地理学倡导原地的古地理重建与非原地的古地理重建相结合且以后者为主。非原地的古地理重建可通过定量的（如基于古地磁资料的重建）和定性的两条途径实现。文章讨论了定性重建中的5个要点：1）时间上，要结合“反序”的研究，2）空间上，要结合“反转构造”的研究，3）强调构造复位在古地理重建中的意义，4）盆地建造阶段中的改造事件所起的承前启后作用，和5）盆地动力学与造山动力学的结合研究。     

The microarea composition of garnet and biotite from the Ji’an Group in Tonghua district and its significance as an indicator of metamorphicP-T-t path

The garnet (Grt) and biotite (Bt) from gneisses of the Ji’an Group are characterized by diffusion zoning at the rim, but equilibrium composition of metamorphic peak is usually remained in extensive interior area. Garnet with growth zoning is also found in the kyanite zone. In the light of microarea compositional variation of Grt and Bt, the temperature and pressure at the progressive, peak and post-peak metamorphic stages are determined by correctly using Grt-Bt thermometer and GASP barometer. On this basis, a counterclockwiseP-T-t path can be constructed, which reflects the closing process of an ensialic rift belt in this region during the Early Proterozoic. The project was financially supported by the State Educational Commission Ph. D. Station Foundation (No. 96018702).     

基于DRASTIC指标体系法的泰安市地下水脆弱性研究

地下水脆弱性评价是地下水保护工作的核心内容之一,针对泰安市的特点和区域特色,利用DRASTIC方法,选取地下水位埋深、净补给量、含水层介质类型、土壤介质类型、地形坡度、包气带介质类型以及含水层渗透系数7个参数为评价指标,对该地区的地下水脆弱性进行了定量评价,将泰安市地下水的脆弱性分为脆弱性高、较高、中等和低4个等级,并绘制了地下水脆弱性分区图,对该地区今后制订地下水资源管理、土地利用、环境保护及城市规划等政策措施具有较重要的参考指导作用。     

Conductively driven,high‐thermal gradient metamorphism in the Anmatjira Range,Arunta region,central Australia

LA–ICP–MS in situ U–Pb monazite geochronology and P–T pseudosections are combined to evaluate the timing and physical conditions of metamorphism in the SE Anmatjira Range in the Aileron Province, central Australia. All samples show age peaks at c. 1580–1555 Ma, with three of five samples showing additional discrete age peaks between c. 1700 and 1630 Ma. P–T phase diagrams calculated for garnet–sillimanite–cordierite–K‐feldspar–ilmenite–melt bearing metapelitic rocks have overlapping peak mineral assemblage stability fields at ~870–920 °C and ~6.5–7.2 kbar. P–T modelling of a fine‐grained spinel–cordierite–garnet–biotite reaction microstructure suggests retrograde P–T conditions evolved down pressure and temperature to ~3–5.5 kbar and ~610–850 °C. The combined geochronological and P–T results indicate the SE Anmatjira Range underwent high‐temperature, low‐pressure metamorphism at c. 1580–1555 Ma, and followed an apparently clockwise retrograde path. The high apparent thermal gradient necessary to produce the estimated P–T conditions does not appear to reflect decompression of high‐P assemblages, nor is there syn‐metamorphic magmatism or structural evidence for extension. Similar to previous workers, we suggest the high‐thermal gradient P–T conditions could have been achieved by heating, largely driven by high heat production from older granites in the region.     

What do fault patterns reveal about the latest phase of extension within the Northern Snake Range metamorphic core complex,Nevada, USA?

The Northern Snake Range is a classic example of a metamorphic core complex, Basin-and-Range province, United States. It is composed of a plastically deformed footwall and a brittlely deformed hanging wall, separated by the Northern Snake Range low-angle detachment (NSRD). Brittle deformation, however, is not confined to the hanging wall.This paper focuses on exposures in Cove Canyon, located on the SE flank of the Northern Snake Range, where penetrative, homogeneous faults are well exposed throughout the hanging wall, footwall and NSRD, and overprint early plastic deformation. These late-stage fault sets assisted Eocene-Miocene extension. Detailed analysis of the faults reveals the following: (1) The shortening direction defined by faults is similar to the shortening direction defined by the stretching lineation in the footwall mylonites, indicating that the extensional kinematic history remained unchanged as the rocks were uplifted into the elastico-frictional regime. (2) After ∼17 Ma, extension may have continued entirely within elastic-frictional regime via cataclastic flow. (3) This latest deformation phase may have been accommodated by a single, continuous event. (3) Faults within NSRD boudins indicate that deformation within the detachment zone was non-coaxial during the latest phase of extension.     

大兴安岭北段雅尔根楚I型花岗岩年代学、岩石地球化学及其地球动力学意义

对内蒙古大兴安岭北段雅尔根楚花岗岩岩体岩相学研究表明,该花岗岩岩体主要岩性组合为正长花岗岩和花岗质糜棱岩,应用锆石U-Pb LA-ICP-MS测年方法,测得的3组年龄为226.8±2.2Ma、230.2±1.3Ma和233.6±1.5Ma,表明其岩体侵位时代为晚三叠世.岩石主量元素(XRF)具有富硅、富钾的特征,A/CNK值为0.81～1.10,显示铝弱饱和,相对富集轻稀土元素、亏损重稀土元素,具有Eu负异常,微量元素相对富集大离子亲石元素,亏损高场强元素,显示岛弧性质的花岗岩特征,微量元素特征显示其为Ⅰ型花岗岩.经过综合研究认为该Ⅰ型花岗岩可能是在整个伸展环境下,岩石圈地幔压力降低导致地幔上涌,残余的洋壳熔融提供流体注入,从而该岩体发生侵位.     

大兴安岭北部岔路口斑岩钼矿床岩浆岩锆石U Pb年龄及其地质意义

黑龙江省岔路口超大型斑岩钼矿床位于大兴安岭北部,是目前我国东北地区最大的钼矿床,矿体赋存于中酸性杂岩体及侏罗系火山-沉积岩内,其中花岗斑岩、石英斑岩、细粒花岗岩与钼矿化关系密切.本文采用LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb定年方法,获得了矿区内二长花岗岩、花岗斑岩、石英斑岩、细粒花岗岩、流纹斑岩、闪长玢岩及安山斑岩的结晶年龄分别为162±1.6 Ma、149±4.6 Ma、148±1.6 Ma、148±1.2 Ma、137±3.3 Ma、133±1.7Ma和132±1.6 Ma.岔路口矿区内至少存在3期岩浆活动,其顺序为侏罗纪火山-沉积岩、二长花岗岩→晚侏罗世花岗斑岩、石英斑岩、细粒花岗岩→早白垩世流纹斑岩、闪长玢岩、安山斑岩.岔路口矿床成矿时代为晚侏罗世,是东北亚大陆内部构造-岩浆活化的产物,形成于古太平洋板块俯冲作用引起的挤压向伸展构造体制转折背景,与我国东部大规模钼矿化爆发期相对应.     

Alice Springs age shear zones from the southeastern Reynolds Range,central Australia

The southeast Reynolds Range, central Australia, is cut by steep northwest‐trending shear zones that are up to hundreds of metres wide and several kilometres long. Amphibolite‐facies shear zones cut metapelites, while greenschist‐facies shear zones cut metagranites. Rb–Sr and ⁴⁰Ar–³⁹Ar data suggest that both sets of shear zones formed in the 400–300 Ma Alice Springs Orogeny, with the sheared granites yielding well‐constrained ⁴⁰Ar–³⁹Ar ages of ca 334 Ma. These data imply that the shear zones represent a distinct tectonic episode in this terrain, and were not formed during cooling from the ca 1.6 Ga regional metamorphism. A general correlation between regional metamorphic grade and the grade of Alice Springs structures implies a similar distribution of heat sources for the two events. This may be most consistent with both phases of metamorphism being caused by the burial of anomalously radiogenic heat‐producing granites. The sheared rocks commonly have undergone metasomatism implying that the shear zones were conduits of fluid flow during Alice Springs times.     

唐古拉山地区第四纪冰川作用与冰川特征

自中更新世以来,唐古拉山地区发生过3次更新世冰川作用(即昆仑冰期、倒数第二次冰期和末次错冰期)和2次全新世晚期冰进(即新冰期和小冰期冰进).昆仑冰期(最大冰期)发生在中更新世早期(0.80～0.60MaBP),不仅是本区最早的一次冰期,而且也是冰川规模最大的一次冰期,当时的冰川规模比现代冰川大16～18倍;倒数第二次冰期发生在中更新世晚期(0.30～0.135MaBP),比现代冰川大13～15倍;末次冰期发生在晚更新世晚期,应分为末次冰期早冰阶(75.0～58.0kaBP)和晚冰阶(32.0～15.0kaBP,23.0kaBP时达到极盛),但在唐古拉山地区截止目前还未找到早冰阶的冰川遗迹,因此,只对末次冰期的晚冰阶(LMG)进行了探讨.LMG时,冰川规模比现代冰川大10倍;新冰期发生在全新世高温期后,冰碛物的¹⁴C测年为(3540±160)aBP,冰川规模略大于现代冰川;小冰期发生在15～1世纪,冰川规模已接近于现代冰川.由于青藏高原的上升,对高原腹部地区引起的干旱化过程和水分严重不足,使唐古拉山地区的冰川自昆仑冰期以来,冰川规模一次比一次明显的减小.     

云南禄丰黑井龙骨甸新石器时代石斧

于禄丰县黑井龙骨甸发现石斧一具，研究认为应届新石器文化期，距今约4000年。据石斧特点推测古人类行踪，为研究禄丰-元谋古人类活动区间新石器的联系提供线索。