Middle Jurassic–Early Cretaceous tectonic evolution of the Bayanhushuo area,southern Great Xing’an Range,NE China: constraints from zircon U–Pb geochronological and geochemical data of volcanic and subvolcanic rocks

This study presents new zircon U–Pb geochronology, geochemistry, and zircon Hf isotopic data of volcanic and subvolcanic rocks that crop out in the Bayanhushuo area of the southern Great Xing’an Range (GXR) of NE China. These data provide insights into the tectonic evolution of this area during the late Mesozoic and constrain the evolution of the Mongol–Okhotsk Ocean. Combining these new ages with previously published data suggests that the late Mesozoic volcanism occurred in two distinct episodes: Early–Middle Jurassic (176–173 Ma) and Late Jurassic–Early Cretaceous (151–138 Ma). The Early–Middle Jurassic dacite porphyry belongs to high-K calc-alkaline series, showing the features of I-type igneous rock. This unit has zircon ε_Hf(t) values from +4.06 to +11.62 that yield two-stage model ages (T_DM2) from 959 to 481 Ma. The geochemistry of the dacite porphyry is indicative of formation in a volcanic arc tectonic setting, and it is derived from a primary magma generated by the partial melting of juvenile mafic crustal material. The Late Jurassic–Early Cretaceous volcanic rocks belong to high-K calc-alkaline or shoshonite series and have A₂-type affinities. These volcanics have ε_Hf(t) and T_DM2 values from +5.00 to +8.93 and from 879 to 627 Ma, respectively. The geochemistry of these Late Jurassic–Early Cretaceous volcanic rocks is indicative of formation in a post-collisional extensional environment, and they formed from primary magmas generated by the partial melting of juvenile mafic lower crust. The discovery of late Mesozoic volcanic and subvolcanic rocks within the southern GXR indicates that this region was in volcanic arc and extensional tectonic settings during the Early–Middle Jurassic and the Late Jurassic–Early Cretaceous, respectively. This indicates that the Mongol–Okhotsk oceanic plate was undergoing subduction during the Early–Middle Jurassic, and this ocean adjacent to the GXR may have closed by the Late Middle Jurassic–Early Late Jurassic.     

郑西高速铁路豫西段黄土现场浸水自重湿陷特征研究

通过现场浸水试验,研究了郑西高速铁路豫西段典型黄土场地浸水后的自重湿陷特征,分析了湿陷土层深度随浸水时间的演化规律,判定了浸水水平向影响范围。研究表明：浸水边界对沉降的影响十分明显,浸水后的湿陷速率呈现出慢-快-慢直至稳定的特点,在浸水10 d后已完成总沉降量的60%,浸水30 d时完成总沉降量的约90%;该场地实测因地区土质而异的修正系数 为1.30,大于规范推荐的0.9,说明该地区黄土的湿陷程度比以往认识地更为强烈;该场地自重湿陷土层下限深度室内试验值是19 m,而现场实测值是16 m,前者是后者的1.2倍。通过综合判定,该场地浸水后的湿陷变形范围为距试坑边缘20 m,与试坑的直径相当,建议在郑西高速铁路沿线此类黄土场地,线路两侧20 m范围内不得积水。该研究成果已在郑西高速铁路建设中得到应用,也可为该地区类似工程提供参考。     

大兴安岭巴雅尔吐胡硕地区碎斑熔岩锆石U-Pb年龄、地球化学特征及其地质意义

在大兴安岭中南段巴雅尔吐胡硕地区发现一套碎斑熔岩。根据野外调查,可分为中心相的细微粒斑状石英二长岩(-石英二长斑岩)和边缘相的英安流纹质碎斑熔岩。通过SHRIMP锆石U-Pb测年,获得细微粒斑状石英二长岩的年龄加权平均值为137.4±0.9Ma(MSWD=1.13),英安流纹质碎斑熔岩的年龄加权平均值为135.2±0.8Ma(MSWD=1.17),二者的形成时代均属于早白垩世早期。由元素地球化学分析可知,6件样品均属于过铝质的高钾钙碱性A型花岗岩,且具有完全一致的微量元素蛛网图和稀土元素配分曲线,均具有明显的负Eu异常,均富集大离子亲石元素Rb、Pb和轻稀土元素,亏损高场强元素Nb,Th较富集,Ba、Sr、Eu具有一定亏损,Pb强烈富集,表明岩石来源于地壳部分熔融。在构造环境判别分析的基础上,提出研究区碎斑熔岩属于碰撞后或造山期后的张性构造环境花岗岩(A2型花岗岩),形成于拉张环境,代表了伸展的大地构造背景。结合大兴安岭地区的大地构造演化特征,其形成与蒙古-鄂霍茨克闭合造山后的岩石圈伸展作用有关。     

大兴安岭北段富林矽卡岩铜矿床成因:印支期含矿岩浆源区特征、蚀变矿物学及勘查意义

新近发现的印支期富林矽卡岩铜矿床位于大兴安岭北段新林区新林镇东约90km。矿区发育与成矿直接相关的花岗岩和侵入花岗岩中的花岗斑岩,矿体主要赋存于花岗岩与古元古代兴安桥组大理岩和早奥陶世黄斑脊山组钙质粉砂岩接触带内。富林矿床矿化与矽卡岩密切相关,整个矿化过程可分为两期:矽卡岩期和石英-硫化物期,5个阶段:早期矽卡岩阶段、退化蚀变阶段、氧化物阶段、早期硫化物阶段和晚期硫化物阶段,其中铜矿化主要发生在早期硫化物阶段。硫化物主要包括黄铜矿和黄铁矿,并含少量闪锌矿、方铅矿、斑铜矿等。蚀变类型包括石榴子石-透辉石矽卡岩化、阳起石-透闪石矽卡岩化、绿帘石矽卡岩化、绿泥石化、绢云母-粘土化、钾长石化和局部角岩化。电子探针分析(EMPA)结果表明:矿区内的石榴子石属钙铝-钙铁榴石系列,主要为钙铁榴石,辉石为透辉石-钙铁辉石系列,以透辉石为主,闪石主要为透闪石、阳起石以及少量镁绿钙闪石和铁浅闪石,帘石为黝帘石-绿帘石系列。黑云母以镁铁黑云母和铁叶云母为主,绿泥石主要为密绿泥石和铁叶绿泥石,长石以正长石和钠长石为主。石榴子石成分剖面显示从核部到边部,石榴子石呈现出钙铝榴石和钙铁榴石交替变化的环带特征,且Fe~(3+)含量的逐渐升高暗示后期成矿流体氧逸度升高,结合黑云母Mg-Fe~(3+)-Fe~(2+)图解,说明富林矽卡岩型铜矿床形成于较强的氧化环境。锆石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb测年结果显示花岗岩形成于~253Ma,花岗斑岩形成于~244Ma,为大兴安岭地区一期新的成矿事件。锆石原位Hf同位素测试结果表明,花岗岩εHf(t)介于-1.60~2.23,花岗斑岩εHf(t)介于-3.53~1.90,二者均具有古老的两阶段模式年龄,结合前人对区域构造背景的研究,认为富林花岗质岩石可能来自于松辽地块和兴安地块后碰撞背景下俯冲板片断离软溜圈上涌导致古老下地壳的部分熔融并卷入少量地幔物质而形成的岩浆。花岗斑岩及与斑岩有关的脉状矿化和蚀变的出现暗示富林地区可能存在印支期的斑岩型矿床,此外结合石榴子石、辉石成分特征以及辉石Mn/Fe比值与世界矽卡岩矿床对比,指出富林矿区外围找矿应综合考虑铜、钼、铁、金、铅、锌等矿化组合。     

兴安地块南段晚泥盆世包格德岩体时代的厘定及地质意义

中亚造山带东端兴安地块南段的包格德岩体由石英二长岩、二长花岗岩和花岗斑岩3种岩性组成,岩体锆石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb定年结果分别为368±+1 Ma、364±1 Ma、355±1 Ma,为晚泥盆-早石炭世岩浆活动的产物;岩体的(Na2O+K2O)含量为7.62％～8.82％,K2O/Na2O值为0.93～4.21...     

Streamflow and suspended sediment yield following the 2000 Bobcat fire,Colorado

Postfire runoff and erosion are a concern, and more data are needed on the effects of wildfire at the watershed‐scale, especially in the Colorado Front Range. The goal of this study was to characterize and compare the streamflow and suspended sediment yield response of two watersheds (Bobcat Gulch and Jug Gulch) after the 2000 Bobcat fire. Bobcat Gulch had several erosion control treatments applied after the fire, including aerial seeding, contour log felling, mulching, and straw wattles. Jug Gulch was partially seeded. Study objectives were to: (1) measure precipitation, streamflow, and sediment yields; (2) assess the effect of rainfall intensity on peak discharges, storm runoff, and sediment yields; (3) evaluate short‐term hydrologic recovery. Two months after the fire, a storm with a maximum 30 min rainfall intensity I₃₀ of 42 mm h^?1 generated a peak discharge of 3900 l s^?1 km^?2 in Bobcat Gulch. The same storm produced less than 5 l s^?1 km^?2 in Jug Gulch, due to less rainfall and the low watershed response. In the second summer, storms with, I₃₀ of 23 mm h^?1 and 32 mm h^?1 generated peak discharges of 1100 l s^?1 km^?2 and 1700 l s^?1 km^?2 in the treated and untreated watersheds respectively. Maximum water yield efficiencies were 10% and 17% respectively, but 18 of the 23 storms returned ≤2% of the rainfall as runoff, effectively obscuring interpretation of the erosion control treatments. I₃₀ explained 86% of the variability in peak discharges, 74% of the variability in storm runoff, and >80% of the variability in sediment yields. Maximum single‐storm sediment yields in the second summer were 370 kg ha^?1 in the treated watershed and 950 kg ha^?1 in the untreated watershed. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

古亚洲洋东段闭合时限：来自大兴安岭南段二叠系-三叠系界线沉积地层和碎屑锆石年代学的制约

古亚洲洋东段的具体闭合时限长期以来存在争议,重要原因在于缺乏相应时期的典型沉积剖面研究。近期,笔者在大兴安岭南段阿鲁科尔沁旗地区新发现一套保存较好的二叠-三叠系沉积序列,其详细记录了古亚洲洋闭合过程。本文以此为研究对象,重点对上二叠统林西组和下三叠统老龙头组开展沉积学和碎屑锆石年代学研究。上二叠统林西组上部为一套湖泊相沉积,下三叠统老龙头组为一套河湖相沉积,底部为冲积扇辫状河砾岩层。两套地层界线附近沉积环境发生剧变,气候从温暖湿润转变为炎热干旱,确定研究区林西组沉积时代为晚二叠世长兴期,老龙头组沉积时代为早三叠世奥伦尼克期,两者为平行不整合接触关系,两者之间存在短暂沉积间断。林西组砂岩重矿物含量丰富,类型多样,原岩为中酸性岩浆岩、基性岩浆岩、少部分变质岩及沉积岩;老龙头组砂岩重矿物类型少,原岩为中酸性岩浆岩和少量变质岩。林西组2个碎屑岩样品最年轻峰值年龄分别为255±2Ma和255±1Ma,ε_Hf(t)=-22.84~+13.17,变化范围较大。老龙头组2个碎屑岩样品最年轻峰值年龄分别为248±1Ma和249±1Ma,ε_Hf(t)=7.95~11.28。结合重矿物、碎屑锆石和Hf同位素研究,确定林西组物源主要来自于兴蒙造山带,少量可能来自于华北板块,具有复杂物源、远距离搬运再沉积的特征。老龙头组物源主要来自于兴蒙造山带,具有周缘近距离搬运沉积的特征。通过区域对比上二叠统林西组与下三叠统老龙头组碎屑锆石携带年代学信息,推测古亚洲洋东段沿着西拉木伦河缝合带在晚二叠世发生汇聚碰撞作用,古亚洲洋东段闭合作用至少持续至早三叠世,老龙头组沉积期发生强烈汇聚造山作用,老龙头组是古亚洲洋闭合板块碰撞作用的产物。

     

Inference of a detailed P–T path from P–T pseudosections using metapelitic rocks of variable composition from a single outcrop, Shackleton Range, Antarctica

Generally, P–T pseudosections for reduced compositional systems, such as K₂O–FeO–MgO–Al₂O₃–SiO₂–H₂O, Na₂O–K₂O–FeO–MgO–Al₂O₃–SiO₂–H₂O and MnO–K₂O–FeO–MgO–Al₂O₃–SiO₂–H₂O, are well suited for inferring detailed P–T paths, comparing mineral assemblages observed in natural rocks with those calculated. Examples are provided by P–T paths inferred for four metapelitic samples from a 1 m² wide outcrop of the Herbert Mountains in the Shackleton Range, Antarctica. The method works well if the bulk composition used is reconstituted from average mineral modes and mineral compositions (AMC) or when X‐ray fluorescence (XRF) data are corrected for Al₂O₃ and FeO. A plagioclase correction is suitable for Al₂O₃. Correction for FeO is dependent on additional microscopic observations, e.g. the kind and amount of opaque minerals. In some cases, all iron can be treated as FeO^tot, whereas in others a magnetite or hematite correction yields much better results. Comparison between calculated and observed mineral modes and mineral compositions shows that the AMC bulk composition is best suited to the interpretation of rock textures using P–T pseudosections, whereas corrected XRF data yield good results only when the investigated sample has few opaque minerals. The results indicate that metapelitic rocks from the Herbert Mountains of the Northern Shackleton Range underwent a prograde P–T evolution from about 600 °C/5.5 kbar to 660 °C/7 kbar, followed by nearly adiabatic cooling to about 600 °C at 4.5 kbar.     

雄安新区雾迷山组岩溶热储特征与有利区

为了深化对雄安新区中深层地热资源的规模化开发利用,以露头、岩心、薄片、钻井资料与地震测线解释成果为基础,分析雄安新区中元古界蓟县系雾迷山组热储岩石学和储集空间特征,研究了雾迷山组热储沉积相模式、岩相古地理和孔隙度、渗透率分布特征;结合构造演化和热储成岩作用类型,分析雾迷山组热储岩溶发育期次、岩溶作用、岩溶古地貌分布特征,针对岩溶主要发育层,厘清控制因素,明确雄安新区雾迷山组岩溶热储特征;综合上述特征,结合雄安新区地温梯度、断裂分布及水动力等因素,优选出该区雾迷山组岩溶热储有利勘探靶区。研究结果表明：雄安新区蓟县系雾迷山组热储有利岩性主要为叠层石白云岩、藻凝块白云岩、颗粒白云岩,藻云坪微相、滩微相易发育各类溶蚀作用,云坪易发育裂缝,储集空间类型为孔隙、溶洞和裂缝3大系统。岩溶作用类型可分为同生—准同生岩溶、表生岩溶和埋藏岩溶,自雾迷山组沉积后主要发育于芹峪期、印支期和燕山期的表生岩溶和晚喜山期的埋藏溶蚀,对雾迷山组储层有着建设性作用,燕山—早喜马拉雅期对岩溶热储的形成演化起决定作用;同期主要伴随3期高角度裂缝发育,这些高角度缝增加了储集空间与输导体系,促进期后的相关溶蚀作用;裂缝在白云岩中最发育, 灰质云岩次之,泥质云岩最不发育。孔隙度和渗透率区域上分布有3个高值区。岩溶古地貌在印支期前北低南高,在印支期及以后,地貌北高南低,北部岩溶作用强烈,南部次高地也发育岩溶带。溶蚀相为最有利的成岩相区,溶蚀—泥质充填相为较有利的成岩相区。研究区雾迷山组岩溶储集层分布主要受岩性（包括组分、结构、厚度）、成岩相带、构造（包括断裂、裂缝、不整合面）和古地貌等方面因素的控制,地热勘探最有利靶区位于大王镇西部及南部、容城—八于、雄县—赵北口镇西部、大营镇、高深1井—高阳等区带。     

鲁西地区“泰山红宝石”的发现及其地质特征

在山东新泰市新太古代泰山岩群变质岩系中,首次发现宝石级红刚玉,又称红宝石,商业名称暂定为＂泰山红宝石＂。红宝石产于鲁西地区新太古代二长花岗岩的壳源岩石包体之中,包体岩性以黑云更长变粒岩、黑云片岩、角闪石岩、斜长角闪岩、浅绿色含铬二云片岩为主,是新太古代古老地壳的深融残留;红刚玉与浅绿色含铬二云片岩关系密切,推测是新太古代变质岩中原岩残留斑晶矿物。