大兴安岭地区德尔布干断裂带北段构造年代学研究

德尔布干断裂带是大兴安岭隆起西侧NE向的重要断裂带,处在海拉尔-拉布达林-根河盆地西缘,是著名德尔布干成矿区东南边界断裂带.为了确定德尔布干断裂带运动性质、活动时间,深入探讨该断裂带与中生代海拉尔-拉布达林-根河盆地及大兴安岭盆山格局、认识德尔布干断裂带多金属矿床成因等问题,本文应用锆石SHRIMP和云母40Ar/39Ar定年技术,分别对断裂带内的细粒黑云母花岗岩侵入体、韧性变形的花岗闪长质片麻岩、白云母石英片岩,进行了同位素年代学研究.其中花岗闪长质片麻岩岩浆型锆石SHRIMP谐和年龄300.6±9.3Ma,为花岗闪长质片麻岩海西期的侵位年龄;而花岗闪长质片麻岩中黑云母40Ar/39Ar坪年龄是130.9±1.4Ma,白云母石英片岩的白云母40Ar/39Ar坪年龄是115.6±1.6Ma,代表早白垩世伸展构造变形年龄;细粒黑云母花岗岩侵入体岩浆型锆石SHRIMP谐和年龄130.1±1.4Ma,为同伸展构造变形侵位的岩浆事件.上述地质年代说明德尔布干断裂带是早白垩世(110～130Ma)该区最年轻的重大伸展构造变形产物.控制NE向大兴安岭隆起和中生代海拉尔-拉布达林-根河等火山沉积盆地的发育格局、以及中生代以来的地壳演化与成矿类型.     

东天山喀尔里克山北坡-淖毛湖植物群落物种多样性研究

以东天山喀尔里克山北坡-淖毛湖为研究区,探讨了该区山地-荒漠生态系统的植物种类组成、植被类型及群落物种多样性特征.结果表明:该区共有高等植物33科93属133种,植物生活型组成以草本植物居多.群落物种多样性测度指数的主成分分析结果显示,物种丰富度指数(R)、Pielou均匀度指数(Jsi)、Shannon-Wiener多样性指数(H)和Simpson优势度指数(C)能很好地描述群落结构和组成特征.其中,多样性指数、均匀度指数和丰富度指数的变化趋势基本一致,优势度指数则和前三者呈负消长的关系.随着海拔升高,群落物种多样性指数、丰富度指数和均匀度指数变化均呈现单峰分布格局,即植物群落的物种多样性在山前荒漠生态系统和高海拔山地生态系统中较低,而在中海拔地区达到最大.     

Isotopic (C–O–S) geochemistry and Re–Os geochronology of the Haobugao Zn–Fe deposit in Inner Mongolia,NE China

The Haobugao Zn–Fe deposit is a typical skarn deposit located in the southern part of the Great Xing’an Range that hosts polymetallic mineralization over a large region. The main ore minerals at the deposit include sphalerite, magnetite, galena, chalcopyrite and pyrite, and the main gangue minerals include andradite, grossular garnet, hedenbergite, diopside, ilvaite, calcite and quartz. There are broadly two mineralizing periods represented by the relatively older skarn and younger quartz–sulfide veins. In detail, there are five metallogenic stages consisting of an early skarn, late skarn, oxide, early quartz–sulfide, and late quartz–sulfide–calcite stages. Electron microprobe analyses show that the garnet at the deposit varies in composition from And_97.95Gro_0.41Pyr_1.64 to And_30.69Gro_66.69Pyr_2.63, and pyroxene is compositionally in the diopside–hedenbergite range (i.e. Di_90.63Hd_8.00Jo_1.37–Hd_88.98Di_4.53Jo_6.49). Petrographic observations and electron microprobe analyses indicate that the sphalerite has three generations ([Zn_0.93Fe_0.08]S–[Zn_0.75Fe_0.24]S). The Zn associated with the first generation sphalerite replaced Cu and Fe of early xenomorphic granular chalcopyrite (i.e. [Cu_1.01Fe_1.03]S₂–[Cu_0.99Fe_0.99]S₂), and part of the first generation sphalerite is coeval with late chalcopyrite (i.e. [Cu_0.96Fe_0.99Zn_0.03]S₂–[Cu_1.00Fe_1.03Zn_0.01]S₂). Magnetite has a noticeable negative Ce anomaly (δCe = ∼0.17 to 0.54), which might be a result of the oxidized ore-fluid. Thirty δ³⁴S_V-PDB analyses of sulfides from the ore range from −2.3 to −0.1‰ in value, which are indicative of a magmatic source. The δ¹³C‰ and δ¹⁸O‰ values for calcite from the ore formed at quartz–sulfide–calcite stage vary from −9.9 to −5.5‰ and from −4.2 to 1.1‰, respectively, contrasting with δ¹³C‰ (2.9–4.8‰) and δ¹⁸O‰ (9.8–13.9‰) values for calcite from marble. It is suggested that the ore-forming fluid associated with late stage of mineralization was predominantly magmatic in origin with some input of local meteoric water.Molybdenite from the Haobugao deposit defines an isochron age of 142 ± 1 Ma, which is interpreted as the mineralization age being synchronous, within error, with the zircon U–Pb ages of 140 ± 1, 141 ± 2, and 141 ± 1 Ma for granite at the deposit. These data and characteristics of lithology and mineralization further show that the Zn–Fe mineralization is temporally and spatially related to the emplacement of granite in an extensional tectonic setting during the Mesozoic.     

小兴安岭北麓高松山金矿床赋矿围岩锆石U-Pb年代学、地球化学、岩石成因及其地质意义

在矿床地质特征研究的基础上,对高松山金矿床赋矿围岩中代表性的粗安岩进行了锆石U-Pb同位素年龄测定和元素地球化学成分分析;实验结果揭示:(1)获得6组单颗粒锆石年龄,第一组为2 422~2 683 Ma,为残留锆石年龄;第二、三、四和五组分别为606~943 Ma、428~437 Ma、281~303 Ma和169~221 Ma,为捕获锆石年龄;第六组为121~129 Ma,代表火山作用过程形成的锆石年龄;(2)主量元素地球化学特征揭示该套火山岩为高钾钙碱性-钾玄岩系列岩石;(3)微量元素和REE指示岩石明显富集Rb、Ba、K等大离子亲石元素(LILE)和轻稀土元素(LREE),亏损Nb、Ta和Ti等高场强元素(HFSE)和重稀土元素(HREE)。结合相关成果,初步厘定该区可能存在古元古代—新太古代结晶基底或碎屑物,该期火山作用在古太平洋板块俯冲引发的岩石圈伸展和减薄环境下富集地幔部分熔融、岩浆上侵、喷发作用形成,岩浆在上升演化过程中受到早侏罗世中酸性侵入岩的混染,该次岩浆活动与东北地区早白垩世早期大规模火山喷发岩浆事件相吻合。     

大兴安岭中北段雅尔根楚地区晚古生代花岗岩的成因及其地质意义

为确定大兴安岭地区晚古生代花岗质岩石的成因及其构造背景,笔者对雅尔根楚地区二长花岗岩样品进行了锆石U-Pb年代学与地球化学测试分析。锆石U-Pb年龄结果显示研究区二长花岗岩形成于晚石炭世(312±2 Ma)。二长花岗岩具有较高的SiO_2(75.16%~75.32%)和全碱(8.45%~8.76%)含量,较低的MgO(0.12%~0.14%)含量,以富集大离子亲石元素(Rb、Ba、Th、U、K)和轻稀土元素,亏损Nb、Ta、Ti及P元素为特征,并且其ε_(Hf)(t)值和Hf二阶段模式年龄变化于+3.5~+9.5和1 103~715 Ma,表明其原始岩浆来源于新生地壳物质的部分熔融。结合年代学、地球化学特征与区域地质调查结果,认为研究区晚石炭世二长花岗岩的形成与古亚洲大洋板块向兴安地块下的俯冲作用有直接联系。     

短期预报评分系统

短期预报评分系统利用Visual FoxPro6.0开发研制而成，本文介绍了该系统的主要特点和各模块的基本功能。     

短边三维网的布设及精度

本文讨论了各类短边三维网的布设原理、条件数计算和不确定性考虑,推导了精度估计公式,通过分析得出了几点结论,供布设时参考。     

阿尔金山索尔库里北盆地沉积与构造演化

索尔库里北盆地位于阿尔金山中段，盆地的形成和演化与阿尔金断裂的走滑作用密切相关。根据野外地质填图的结果，通过沉积相、沉积环境的研究，在盆地内部划分出早第四纪七个泉组砾岩层，并将盆地新生代的沉积划分为两大序列：下部为渐新世下干柴沟组、中新世上干柴沟组、油砂山组序列，沉积相从底部的冲积扇、洪积扇向上逐渐变化为断陷湖盆相，再变化为冲积扇、洪积扇相，为一个完整的断陷湖盆的发生—发展—消亡的序列；上部为早第四纪七个泉组序列，为冲积扇、洪积扇沉积。结合盆地沉积充填过程和构造变形分析，建立了盆地多阶段的构造演化模式，进而探讨了盆地的形成演化与新生代阿尔金断裂带走滑作用过程之间的动力学联系。     

念青唐古拉山中段第四纪冰期划分

念青唐古拉山脉呈NE和近EW走向，其主脊海拔6000－7000余米，第四纪冰川活动强烈。根据第四纪地层剖面，地层层序，地质地貌特征及其相互接触关系，在念青唐古拉山中段可清晰地划分出3期冰期，从新到老依次为：拉曲冰期Q3，爬然冰期Q2－3，宁中冰期Q2－1。每次冰期及间冰期沉积物中的砾石及其岩性，砾态，沉积厚度，风化程度等都有明显区别。另外，还对老冰期与冰碛层，各次间冰期和本区冰期与其他地区冰期对比等问题进行了讨论。     

Petrology of sapphirine granulite and associated sodic gneisses from the Indian Head Range, Newfoundland

Migmatitic granulites from the Indian Head Range (IHR) are dominated by granoblastic, Opx-bearing (quartz) dioritic gneiss with subordinate garnet+orthopyroxene+biotite+albite (±quartz±microcline±cordierite±sillimanite) gneiss and comparatively biotite-rich, sapphirine+cordierite+orthopyroxene+albite (±microcline±sillimanite±corundum) gneiss. The latter contains at least two generations of sapphirine and cordierite, one apparently predating migmatization, the other associated with or following this event. Mineral thermobarometers yield temperatures up to 800 °C at 8 kbar. The IHR granulites have very high δ¹⁸O values (+10.8 to +14.5) which most likely indicate a sedimentary precursor. Their REE and HFSE contents resemble the trace element signature of post-Archean Australian shale (PAAS). Lithological analogues from other Grenvillian inliers in western Newfoundland have similar oxygen isotopic and immobile-element signatures. They too are interpreted as metasedimentary rocks. The IHR rocks, however, have unusually sodic compositions (e.g., Na₂O/CaO and Na₂O/K₂O=2.1–22.5 and 0.93–13.8, respectively) and contain albite or sodic oligoclase despite their high metamorphic grade. The geochemical data indicate that these rocks were albitized prior to high-grade metamorphism. No counterpart of this event is recorded in granulites from the other inliers, indicating that the IHR may be highly allochthonous with respect to these other Grenvillian terranes.