中国碱蓬属植物修订

本文对《中国植物志》藜科(Chenopodiaceae)碱蓬属(Suaeda Forsk. ex Scop.)长期存在的分类错误进行了纠正。将其中的高碱蓬S. altissima (L.) Pall.合并入碱蓬S. glauca (Bunge) Bunge,纵翅碱蓬S. pterantha (Kar. et Kir.) Bunge合并入刺毛碱蓬S. acuminata (C.A. Mey.) Moq.,同时增加了垦利碱蓬(新种)S. kenliensis J. W. Xing sp. nov。由此将中国碱蓬属(Suaeda)植物从原来的20种,变更为19种。并重新修订了中国碱蓬属(Suaeda)植物的分种检索表,使中国碱蓬属(Suaeda)植物的系统分类更趋于完善,为《中国植物志》的修订和碱蓬属(Suaeda)植物分类及其深入研究与开发利用提供了依据。     

黄河口磷酸盐缓冲机制的探讨Ⅲ.磷酸盐交叉缓冲图及"稳定pH范围"

于 1 994年 5月— 1 995年 6月在实验室进行了不同磷酸盐浓度、pH条件下的悬浮物吸附解吸模拟实验 ,对黄河口磷酸盐的缓冲机制进行了探讨。黄河口悬浮物对磷酸盐的吸附量 (解吸量 )随磷酸盐浓度的增大而增大 (减小 ) ,零平衡时磷酸盐浓度 (EPC0 )值在 0 .4— 1 .3μmol/dm3之间 ,且随温度的升高和悬浮物粒度的增大而略有减小。黄河口悬浮物的线性吸附系数 (K)在 0 .0 3— 0 .40dm3/g之间 ,且随温度的升高呈线性关系增加 ,随悬浮物粒度的减小呈指数形式增加。盐度对EPC0 和K基本没有影响。在pH对黄河口悬浮物吸附和解吸磷酸盐的影响实验中 ,首次发现在pH约为 7.7— 9.3范围内存在“稳定pH范围” ,在此范围内悬浮物对磷酸盐的吸附量和解吸量不随水体pH值发生变化。此范围的大小和位置随实验条件不同而略有变化 ,稳定pH范围随温度的上升有所减小且左移 (pH减小方向 ) ,随着悬浮物粒度的增大稳定pH范围有所增大且右移。     

大兴安岭西坡额仁陶勒盖银多金属矿区火山岩岩石成因及其地质意义:年代学、地球化学特征

为揭示额仁陶勒盖银矿床火山岩与成矿作用的关系,对矿区内赋矿围岩火山岩展开了系统的年代学和元素地球化学研究。成果揭示:(1)赋矿围岩粗面安山岩的单颗粒锆石U-Pb年龄为(173.4±4.6)Ma;(2)粗面安山岩具有富集大离子亲石元素、亏损高场强元素以及弱的负铕异常的特征;对比洋壳成分,成矿元素呈现强烈亏损V、Cr、Ni、Co、Mo、Cu,富集W、Bi、Pb和相对富集Au、As、Sb、Te以及相似的Zn、Ag、B含量为特征。结合前人的研究成果,认为矿区内火山岩是成矿早期的产物,岩浆起源于流体交代过的大洋性质的岩石圈地幔,岩浆演化过程中有少量斜长石等矿物分离结晶作用和微弱的地壳物质混染,形成的构造环境可能为华北板块、蒙古块体与西伯利亚板块对接碰撞后的初期地壳伸展环境,且该阶段火山作用不具有直接提供成矿流体的属性,提供成矿流体的岩浆作用可能是早白垩世早期石英二长斑岩岩浆(138 Ma)。     

EH4及地质雷达在隧道事故调查中的应用

引水隧道施工中屡次发生坍塌,用探地雷达对衬砌质量及地质情况进行探测。经数据反演,清晰勾画出衬砌背后空洞、松散堆积体分布范围,地下水的赋存特征,为治理事故提供切实可靠依据。     

Aeolian modification of moraine soils,Whiskey Basin,Wyoming, USA

Soils along catenas of Pinedale (15–20 ka) and Bull Lake (100–130 ka) age moraines at Whiskey Basin in the Wind River Range, Wyoming, USA, were sampled to assess the effects of aeolian processes on soil development here. Aeolian processes appear to have in?uenced soils by both depositing sediments and eroding topsoils. Pedogenic silt (often used as an indicator of wind deposition) accumulated in the Bull Lake soils moderately correlate with pedogenic clay accumulated, suggesting that ?ne sediments may have been deposited and incorporated into soil formation here. Following removal of previous topsoil by wind during Pinedale glaciation, Bull Lake B horizons have developed into contemporary A horizons. These data further link aeolian processes to soil development on piedmont moraines throughout the Wind River Range. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

江西靖安东周墓出土玉器的玉质特征研究

为配合江西省文物考古研究所的出土文物研究,运用宝玉石学、岩石学和物理谱学的理论与资料,采用肉眼观察、宝石显微镜、红外吸收光谱（反射法）、激光拉曼光谱（散射法）、X射线衍射法和环境扫描电子显微镜等无损测试方法对江西靖安李洲坳东周墓的13件出土玉器样品进行了玉质特征鉴定。结果显示,有11件出土玉器样品为透闪石质软玉,2件出土玉器样品为粉砂岩类岩石。同时,还揭示了11件透闪石质软玉玉器的外观特征差异与其玉石成分和质地结构的关系。     

The influence of lithology on surface water sources

Understanding the temporal and spatial variability of water sources within a basin is vital to our ability to interpret hydrologic controls on biogeochemical processes and to manage water resources. Water stable isotopes can be used as a tool to determine geographic and seasonal sources of water at the basin scale. Previous studies in the Coastal Range of Oregon reported that the variation in the isotopic signatures of surface water did not conform to the commonly observed “elevation effect,” which exhibits a trend of increasing isotopic depletion with rising elevation. The primary purpose of this research is to investigate the mechanisms governing seasonal and spatial variations in the isotopic signature of surface waters within the Marys River Basin, located in the leeward side of the Oregon Coastal Range. Surface water and precipitation samples were collected every 2–3 weeks for isotopic analysis for 1 year. Our results confirmed the lack of elevational variation of surface water isotopes within this leeward basin. Although we find elevational variation in precipitation in the eastern portion of the watershed, this elevation effect is counteracted by rainout with distance from the Pacific coast. In addition, we found significant variation in surface water isotope values between catchments underlain predominantly by basalt or sandstone. The degree of separation was strongest during the summer when low flows reflect deeper groundwater sources. This indicates that baseflow within streams drained by each lithology is being supplied from two distinctly separate water sources. In addition, the flow of the Marys River is dominated by water originating from the sandstone water source, particularly during the low‐flow summer months. We interpreted that the difference in water source results from sandstone catchments having highly fractured geology or locally tipping to the east facilitating cross‐basin water exchange from the windward to the leeward side of the Coast Range. Our results challenge topographic derived watershed boundaries in permeable sedimentary rocks; highlighting the overwhelming importance of underlying geology.     

大兴安岭北段下嘎来奥伊铅锌矿地质、物化探特征及找矿方向

下嘎来奥伊铅锌矿位于黑龙江省西北部,大地构造位置位于额尔古纳地块额木尔山隆起带南缘与大兴安岭火山岩带北缘交切部位的西段。矿体主要产于中酸性浅成侵入岩与新元古界—下寒武统倭勒根群吉祥沟组大理岩接触带,是一个以铁、铅、锌、钼矿为主的矽卡岩型矿床。通过野外工作和室内观察将其成矿期划分为2期5个阶段：①矽卡岩期：干矽卡岩阶段、湿矽卡岩阶段(形成富集的磁铁矿)、氧化物阶段(形成少量辉钼矿),②石英-硫化物期：早硫化物阶段(形成部分辉钼矿)、晚硫化物阶段(主要形成闪锌矿、方铅矿等铅锌硫化物)。结合成矿地质背景、矿区物化探特征,得出成矿控制因素为：①吉祥沟组大理岩及片岩在成矿过程中提供了部分成矿物质,②花岗斑岩、花岗闪长岩、细粒花岗岩等中酸性岩体在侵入过程中提供了成矿物质和能量,③矿区中部复式褶皱构造及北东向和北西向断裂是区内的主要控矿构造。在GIS平台上开展综合信息成矿预测,共圈出2处找矿预测区,指出了今后的找矿方向。这些认识对矿区及外围找矿工作具有重要的指导意义,为进一步开展深部找矿和相关理论研究提供了重要依据。     

基于均一化资料的西安极端气温变化特征研究

基于1960~2015年西安气象站点逐日最高温、最低温数据,采用RHtest软件对非均一化气温序列进行订正,进而选取16项极端气温指数,对西安极端气温变化特征进行分析。结果表明：① 由于气象站点迁移,西安气温资料存在非均一性,导致极端气温变化趋势被低估;② 全球变暖背景下,西安极端气温变化表现出：“快速增温与平稳波动并存,冷暖变化趋势相反,夜晚增暖趋势比白天明显,白天波动变化明显于夜晚,持续性高温事件变化不大,持续性低温事件大幅下降”的变化特征;③ 通过不同区域趋势变化对比、冷暖、昼夜变化关系对比发现,受城市热岛影响,西安极端低温事件减少更为突出,远高于中国其他对比区域（秦岭南北、黄土高原、东北地区等）;④ 在昼夜变化上,西安极端气温变化与中国、全球变化具有一致性,但是通过冷暖指标对比发现,西安极端气温变化具有区域性,表现为冷昼日数下降高于暖昼日数上升,冷夜日数下降高于暖夜日数上升,冷持续日数和暖持续日数共同表现为下降趋势。     

Spatial-temporal differences in in-stream flow requirement based on GIS: A case study of Yan’an region, northern Shaanxi

Although water has the central function of the bloodstream in the biosphere espe-cially in arid or semi-arid regions such as Yan’an region in northwestern China, yet the very limited attention is paid to the role of the water-related processes in ecosystem. In this re-search, based on continuous nearly 50-year data including runoff volume, sediment discharge as well as sediment accretion from hydrographic stations, and 10-year information of water quality from pollution monitoring stations, the method for measuring in-stream flow require-ment has been put forward supported by experiential models and GIS spatial analysis. Addi-tionally, the changes of in-stream flow requirement for environment and economic develop-ment have been addressed from spatial-temporal dimensions. The results show that: (1) According to the central streams in Yan’an region, mean annual in-stream flow requirement reaches 1.0619 billion m3, and the surface water for economic exploitation is 0.2445 billion m3. (2) Mean annual in-stream flow requirement for sediment transfers in flood period occupies over 80% of the integrated volume in a year. (3) From the 1950s to 1970s, in-stream flow requirement for sediment transfers is comparatively higher, while from the 1980s to 1990s, this requirement presents a decreasing tendency.