大兴安岭中部第四纪火山岩中石榴石橄榄岩捕虏体的初步研究

大兴安岭中部的绰尔河-哈拉河地区分布有近30座第四纪火山,初步分为更新世火山和全新世火山两期。火山岩中含有丰富的尖晶石橄榄岩和石榴石橄榄岩捕虏体,石榴石橄榄岩的类型主要是石榴石二辉橄榄岩。根据绰尔河新鲜的石榴石二辉橄榄岩P-T平衡条件估计（1164℃,2．36GPa）,其形成深度约76km。这与中国东部其它地方四相共存的石榴石二辉橄榄岩类似,区别于五相共存的尖晶石／石榴石二辉橄榄岩形成条件（〈70km）,证实它们是来自尖晶石二辉橄榄岩与石榴石二辉橄榄岩相转变带之下深度超过70km的石榴石橄榄岩稳定区。     

双线偏振雷达数字视频积分处理器

在双线偏振雷达试制过程中,其视频积分处理器(DVIP)不同于常规雷达的DVIP。即将常规雷达峰值采样的DVIP改为具有距离、方位双重积分的多点采样智能化的DVIP,以减小脉动,提高被测对象的稳定性。本文介绍了双线偏振DVIP的组成方式、特点及工作原理。     

Pan-African Magmatism, and Sedimentation in the NW Himalaya

Correlation of early Palaeozoic, Pan-African (500 ± 50 Ma) granites that intruded the Chail, Salkhala, Haimanta Formations in the Lesser Himalaya, Zanskar crystallines, and Lower Taglang La of Tso-Morari crystallines in the northwestern Himalaya, is based on the field relationship, tectonic setting, mineralogical, and geochemical characteristics, and isotope dating of the granites. These granite plutons exhibit identical petrographical, and geochemical character. The mineralogical composition of the granites is quite similar, consisting of quartz, K-feldspar, plagioclase feldspar, biotite, muscovite, garnet, tourmaline, ± cordierite, andalusite, and sillimanite fibrolite. The granite which are massive, and inequigranular in the core of the plutons, show strongly foliated character indicating development of ductile shear zone at the margins. These are peraluminous S-type granites having high A/CNK value (> 1). Presence of normative corundum, rounded shape of zircon, and high initial Sr ratio suggest crustal source of the granites. Mantle normalized spider-diagram exhibits similar characters for all these granitoids. The intrusion of the Pan-African granites mark an abrupt end of the sedimentation that continued virtually uninterrupted from Palaeoproterozoic. The sudden break in sedimentation towards the terminal phases of the Lower Cambrian has been observed in almost all parts in Lesser as well as the Tethys Himalaya. Occurrences of large number of plutons along different tectonic belts of northwestern Himalaya are indicative of widespread tectono-thermal event during early Palaeozoic (500 ± 50 Ma). The bracketing of the two features like, the break in sedimentation during post-Late Cambrian, and the intrusion of granites around 500 ± 50 Ma, is considered to be the result of a strong diastrophic orogenic event correlatable to the late phases of the Pan-African Orogeny in Africa.     

大兴安岭红山子盆地火山岩系岩石地层对比

针对大兴安岭南部中生代火山岩系岩石地层单位存在的时间跨度大、不同岩石地层单位时代重叠的问题,选择红山 子盆地火山岩进行SHRIMP 锆石U-Pb 测年,并结合其它地区已有的锆石U-Pb 年龄数据和岩石组合特征对比火山岩系岩石 地层。红山子盆地2 个碱性流纹岩样品（HS505 和HS102）和1 个高钾钙碱性流纹岩样品（HS601）所含锆石均具有明显的 振荡环带,Th/U比值高,属典型的岩浆成因锆石。SHRIMP 锆石U-Pb 测年结果表明,样品HS601 的10 个分析点的206Pb/238U 年龄变化范围为150~160 Ma,加权平均值为（156.5±1.6）Ma,MSWD=1.11;样品HS102 的11 个分析点的206Pb/238U 年龄范 围为153~159 Ma,加权平均值为（154.7±1.7）Ma,MSWD=0.77;样品HS505 的14 个分析点的206Pb/238U 年龄变化范围为 151~160 Ma,加权平均值为（156.5±1.4）Ma,MSWD=1.16。可见,红山子盆地火山岩的年龄范围为157~155 Ma,属晚侏 罗世早期。红山子盆地火山岩以高钾钙碱性流纹岩- 碱性流纹岩组合为特征,与新民组的岩石组合特征基本一致,且层位 相当,应归入新民组。大兴安岭南部地区原划归满克头鄂博组和玛尼吐组、但地质时代属晚侏罗世的长英质火山岩组合应 改归新民组,修正后的新民组与冀北-辽西髫髻山组或蓝旗组和大兴安岭北部塔木兰沟组铁镁质火山岩组合的地质时代一 致,显示出中国东北部晚侏罗世火山岩组合具有南北分带性。     

西澳Darling Range地区红土型铝土矿地球化学特征及源区研究

Darling Range位于西澳大利亚地区,红土型铝土矿资源丰富。本文对Darling Range地区红土型铝土矿及相关岩石开展了元素地球化学分析,并对铝土矿中的碎屑锆石和其下伏的花岗岩开展了LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb测年,目的是探讨西澳地区红土型铝土矿的成矿作用及其源区。结果表明,西澳地区红土型铝土矿的主量元素以Al2O3、Fe2O3、SiO2和TiO2为主,Al2O3与SiO2呈显著的负相关关系,与TiO2则呈现显著的正相关关系,表明铝土矿的形成过程是一个去Si富Al、Ti的过程。铝土矿微量元素富集Th、U、Nb、Ta、Zr、Hf、Ti,相对亏损Ba、K、Sr、P、Sm;稀土总量较低,为1.36×10~(-6)~65.58×10~(-6),稀土元素球粒陨石标准化分布曲线略微向右倾斜,富集轻稀土。铝土矿碎屑锆石U-Pb年龄分布于1167Ma和1267Ma与2539~2696Ma(16颗)两个年龄段,分析锆石来源前者可能来自Albany-Fraser造山带;后者加权平均年龄为2579±15Ma(MSWD=1.16),与研究区本次获得的太古宙花岗岩加权平均年龄2585±12Ma(MSWD=0.83)在误差范围内一致,表明铝土矿中的锆石除了来自本区太古宙花岗岩,还有少量的锆石来自Albany-Fraser造山带。结合元素地球化学钛率(Al2O3/TiO2)、lgCr-lgNi、微量元素比值、稀土元素配分模式对铝土矿源区进行示踪表明,Darling Range地区的太古宙花岗岩为红土型铝土矿的主要物质来源。     

唐古拉山东段布加岗日地区小冰期以来的冰川变化研究

对唐古拉山东段布加岗日地区小冰期以来的冰川变化资料进行了分析,结果表明,该地区小冰期最盛时(即15世纪)冰川总面积和总储量分别为241.46km²和19.6282km³,目前其面积和储量分别已减少了23.7%和15.1%,并且自小冰期以来有184条长度大约为0.6km的小冰川已消失.该地区各冰川面积和储量的绝对变化量随着冰川规模的增大而增大,而其相对变化百分数却是随着冰川规模的增大而减小.不同方位冰川小冰期以来的平均面积萎缩量、平均末端退缩量和平均末端高程上升量均表明,南坡冰川变化的绝对量比北坡的大.这说明在同一气候变化背景下,该地区南坡冰川对于气候变化的响应比北坡冰川敏感.小冰期以来该地区冰川雪线上升了约90m,这大致相当于气温上升约0.6℃.     

唐古拉山冬克玛底冰川作用区的水化学特征

冬克玛底冰川附近地区是该冰川化学成分的主要来源区。冬克玛底河水及冰川上的新，老雪的矿化度，总碱度，硬度的大小顺序是：河水－老雪－－新雪。虽然它们都属淡水范畴，但新雪是性偏酸的极软水，老雪是偏碱的极软水，河水则属碱性软水。     

大兴安岭中段索伦地区玛尼吐组火山岩年代学、地球化学及其构造背景

索伦地区玛尼吐组火山岩岩相学鉴定为安山岩、粗安岩和英安岩,化学成分显示以玄武粗面安山岩、粗安岩为主,少量流纹岩。LA-ICPMS锆石U-Pb定年结果显示其形成于130~132 Ma之间的早白垩世。地球化学特点上主要属高钾钙碱性系列。稀土总量较高(95.19~198.38)×10~(-6),轻重稀土分馏较明显(LREE/HREE=6.38~10.59),弱的负铕异常(δEu=0.68~1.01),富集大离子亲石元素(K、Rb、Th)和轻稀土元素,亏损高场强元素(Nb、Ta、P、Ti)。微量元素具高Sr(多499×10~(-6))和低Yb(最大值为2.83×10~(-6)3.6×10~(-6))、Y(多29.9×10~(-6))和高Sr/Y和低Rb/Sr比值,显示了弧火山岩的特征。正的ε_(Hf)(t)值(7.3~13.7),锆石~(176)Hf/~(177)Hf平均值为0.282964,显示玛尼吐组安山质岩浆源区主要为岩石圈地幔和新增生下地壳的部分熔融,且岩浆形成的过程中受到了流体的改造作用。玛尼吐组火山岩形成于岛弧构造环境,该岛弧构造背景的产生可能与受古太平洋板块俯冲作用有关。     

A sedimentary facies model for stepped,fluvial tufa systems in the Iberian Range (Spain): the Quaternary Piedra and Mesa valleys

Stratigraphic and sedimentological analyses of the Quaternary tufa and associated deposits in the Piedra and Mesa river valleys allowed a number of stages of their sedimentary evolution to be characterized, and a depositional sedimentary model for this north‐central sector of the Iberian Range (Spain) to be established. The proposed sedimentary facies model may explain tufa arrangements in other medium to high gradient, stepped, fluvial tufa systems with narrow transverse profiles occurring in temperate, semi‐arid areas, in both recent and past scenarios. There are several tufa deposits within the Piedra and Mesa river valleys that, over a maximum thickness of about 90 m, record one or more stages of tufa deposition produced following the fluvial incision of the bedrock or previous tufa deposits. Each depositional stage begins with coarse detrital sedimentation. Six fundamental, vertical sequences of tufa facies with small amounts of detrital material reveal the sedimentary processes that occurred in different fluvial environments: channel areas with: (i) free‐flowing water; (ii) barrages and/or cascades; and (iii) dammed water and palustrine floodplains. The proposed sedimentary model involves narrow, stepped, fluvial valleys in which tufa cascades were common. Alternating intervals of bryophyte and stromatolite facies commonly formed at some cascades. Many of these represented barrage‐cascade structures that consisted of phytoclast rudstones, thick phytoherms of mosses and associated stromatolites, and curtain‐shaped phytoherms of stems. Upstream of these structures, dammed areas with bioclastic sands and silts developed and palustrine vegetation grew. The channel stretches between barrages and/or cascades were loci for extensive stromatolite growth in fast flowing water. The palustrine floodplain was home to pools and drainage channels. The model also explains the growth of some barrages in the River Piedra that surpassed the height of the divide, with the diffluence of the main channel into a secondary course forming other tufa deposits in the area. The distribution and abundance of certain types of tufa facies in fluvial basins may be an indicator of differences in their gradients. The facies studied in this work suggest that the gradient of the ancient River Piedra was steeper than that of the ancient River Mesa. Assuming similar scenarios for climate and hydrology, the depositional settings mentioned above and their dimensions would have been determined mainly by the gradient and width of the associated river valleys. This sedimentary model may also be useful for inferring variations in other river basin slopes, as well as accounting for the presence of tufas in areas that normally have no permanent water input.     

大兴安岭北段宝兴沟金矿床成矿流体特征及矿床成因

宝兴沟金矿床是大兴安岭北部上黑龙江成矿带内大型金矿床之一,矿体主要产于下侏罗统二十二站组砂岩与早白垩世石英闪长岩、闪长玢岩内外接触带内,其热液成矿作用可划分为：黄铁矿±毒砂-石英（Ⅰ）、多金属硫化物-石英（Ⅱ）及少硫化物-碳酸盐（Ⅲ）3个阶段。流体包裹体岩相学研究表明：Ⅰ阶段矿石主要发育气液两相（LV）、少量含CO₂三相包裹体（H_CO2）及富气相包裹体（FV）;Ⅱ阶段矿石中主要发育LV及少量H_CO2包裹体;Ⅲ阶段矿石中只发育LV包裹体。测温结果显示：Ⅰ、Ⅱ阶段包裹体总体均一温度峰值集中于225.00~300.00℃,盐度（w（NaCl））为2.00%~10.00%;Ⅲ阶段均一温度峰值集中于175.00~225.00℃,盐度为4.00%~8.00%;成矿流体为简单的含CO₂中低温、低盐度的NaCl-H₂O热液体系,总体具有从成矿早期到晚期均一温度、盐度逐渐降低的特征。氢、氧同位素分析结果显示,Ⅰ、Ⅱ阶段成矿流体δD_SMOW为-131.00‰~-108.00‰、δ¹⁸O_SMOW为1.00‰~4.00‰,Ⅲ阶段δD_SMOW为-108.00‰、δ¹⁸O_SMOW为-1.89‰,表明早期以岩浆水为主,晚期逐渐演化为与大气降水混合热液。矿石中黄铁矿（毒砂）δ³⁴S_V-CDT为1.50‰~4.20‰,显示其物质来源以深源岩浆为主。综合分析认为,区内金成矿作用与早白垩世（石英）闪长岩、闪长玢岩侵入活动有直接关系,矿床属中低温岩浆热液成因类型。