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471.
为了查明新庄孜煤矿63301工作面1组煤层底板灰岩含水层的突水通道,分别从太原组灰岩、奥陶系灰岩含水层投放NaCl示踪剂,寒武系灰岩含水层观测孔投放KI示踪剂,在工作面突水点间隔采集样品。经测试分析其浓度随时间变化关系曲线发现:底板太原组灰岩含水层中存在多条小通道和一条大通道,奥陶系灰岩含水层中存在多条小通道,而寒武系灰岩含水层存在2条通道,在不同灰岩含水层通道中,水流速度存在较大差异性,反映了其岩溶裂隙发育非均匀性特点。此外,利用本次突水资料,计算灰岩含水层的参数。为工作面底板太原组灰岩水害治理提供依据。 相似文献
472.
钙、铁、铝形态对岩溶石灰土磷有效性的影响 总被引:2,自引:1,他引:1
为揭示钙、铁、铝形态与岩溶地区土壤磷有效性关系,通过改进的BCR元素形态连续提取法获取石灰土不同发育阶段土壤矿质元素赋存形态,并分析与总磷及速效磷含量之间的相关关系。初步研究表明:石灰土壤中全磷和速效磷在石灰土发育过程呈降低趋势,从黑色石灰土到黄色石灰土,总磷降低了76.7%,速效磷减少了84.7%。石灰土总磷与速效磷同酸溶态、可还原态及残渣态钙,可氧化态铁、铝和可还原态铝显著正相关,而同总铁、总铝以及残渣态铝显著负相关,相关系数绝对值均达到0.9以上。随着石灰土发育进行,钙总量及其形态均降低,而铝、铁总量和形态呈增加趋势,可能导致岩溶地区石灰土磷及其有效性缺乏越发突出。 相似文献
473.
对灰岩开展单轴、常规三轴与峰前卸荷试验,对比分析不同应力路径下灰岩变形过程的能量变化特征。试验分析表明,灰岩加荷破坏和卸荷破坏的能量变化规律存在明显差异。由于围压抑制了裂纹的扩展,与单轴压缩破坏相比,常规三轴压缩试验灰岩吸收的总能量 和积蓄的弹性能 更多。常规三轴试验灰岩积蓄的弹性能 在峰值强度前一直增加,而卸荷破坏的弹性能 在卸荷开始后基本不变,说明卸荷破坏释放的弹性能 主要是在加荷阶段累积完成的,岩体所处的初始地应力状态决定了其破坏的能量释放量。加荷和卸荷应力路径下,灰岩临近破坏点耗散能 都快速增加,但是卸荷破坏耗散能 增速远大于加荷破坏耗散能增速,耗散能的迅速增加表明岩石破坏的发生。随着围压升高,灰岩吸收的总能量 和储存的弹性能 逐渐升高。随着卸荷速度增加,灰岩吸收的总能量 、储存的弹性能 和耗散的应变能 逐渐减小。 相似文献
474.
Stefan H. Doerr Rob R. Davies Alexander Lewis Graham Pilkington John A. Webb Peter J. Ackroyd Owen Bodger 《地球表面变化过程与地形》2012,37(3):253-261
The Australian Nullarbor Plain, one of the world's largest limestone platforms (~200 000 km2), has few distinctive surface karst features for its size, but is known for its enigmatic ‘blowholes’, which can display strong barometric draughts. Thousands of these vertical tubes with decimetre–metre (dm–m) scale diameter puncture the largely featureless terrain. The cause and distribution of these has remained unclear, but they have been thought to originate from downward dissolution and/or salt weathering. To elucidate blowhole distribution and mode of formation we (i) correlated existing location data with Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM) data, which distinguishes the subtle undulations (< 10 m per km) of the landscape, (ii) surveyed blowhole morphology and (iii) determined their rock surface hardness. Over a sampled area of 4200 km2, the distribution of 615 known blowholes is not correlated with present topography. Blowholes are often connected to small or, in some cases extensive, but typically shallow cavities, which exhibit numerous ‘cupolas’ (dome‐shaped pockets) in their ceilings. Statistical arguments suggest that cavities with cupolas are common, but in only a few cases do these puncture the surface. Hardness measurements indicate that salt weathering is not their main cause. Our observations suggest that blowholes do not develop downwards, but occur where a cupola breaks through the surface. Lowering of the land surface is suggested to be the main cause for this breakthrough. Although cupolas may undergo some modification under the current climate, they, as well as the shallow caves they are formed in, are likely to be palaeokarst features formed under a shallower water table and wetter conditions in the past. The findings presented have implications for theories of dissolutional forms development in caves worldwide. The environmental history of the Nullarbor platform allows testing of such theories, because many other factors, which complicate karst evolution elsewhere, have not interfered with landform evolution here. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
475.
从瘤体与基质的矿物组成、岩石的结构构造出发,深入探讨了滇西施甸地区保山组瘤状灰岩的沉积环境及其形成机理。研究表明,滇西施甸地区上寒武统保山组瘤状灰岩存在3种成因:一种是呈互层状的泥质和灰质沉积物在半固结或弱固结状态下,经差异压实-压溶作用而形成瘤状构造,岩石中各组分含量及后期压溶作用强度的差异导致了瘤状灰岩不同的存在形式;另一种是泥质和灰质沉积物在半固结或弱固结状态下经斜坡滑塌作用形成串珠状、砾屑状灰岩;第三种则是泥灰质沉积层间歇性地暴露干裂,移位磨蚀,并被后期沉积物充填胶结形成瘤状灰岩。 相似文献
476.
477.
Gary Kocurek Rowan C. Martindale Mackenzie Day Timothy A. Goudge Charles Kerans Hima J. Hassenruck‐Gudipati Jasmine Mason Benjamin T. Cardenas Eric I. Petersen David Mohrig Daniel S. Aylward Cory M. Hughes Caroline M. Nazworth 《Sedimentology》2019,66(3):808-837
The Middle Jurassic Todilto Member of the Wanakah Formation is a carbonate and gypsum unit inset into the underlying aeolian Entrada Sandstone in the San Juan Basin. Field and thin section study of the uppermost Entrada and Todilto at Ghost Ranch, New Mexico, identified Todilto facies and their relationship to remnant Entrada dune topography. Results support the previous interpretation that the Entrada dunes, housed in a basin below sea level, were rapidly flooded by marine waters. Mass wasting of the dunes gave rise to sediment‐gravity flows that largely buried remnant dune topography, leaving ca 12 m of relief that defined the antecedent condition for Todilto deposition. Previously interpreted as seasonal varves deposited in a stratified water body, the Todilto is reinterpreted as a microbial biolaminite. Most diagnostic are organic‐rich laminae with structures characteristic of filamentous microbes and containing trapped aeolian silt, and clotted‐texture laminae with a fabric associated with calcification of extracellular polymeric substances. The spatial arrangement of Todilto facies is controlled by the dune palaeotopography. A continuous basal laminated mudstone thickens over the dune crest, reflecting the optimum conditions for microbial mat development, and is interpreted to have been deposited when marine waters submerged the topography. Subsequent drying caused emergence of the crestal area, and formation of tepee structures and a dissolution breccia. Gypsiferous mudflats and periodic ponds occupied the dune flanks and interdune area, with gypsum concentrated within the interdune area. Entrada sands remained unstable during Todilto deposition with common injection structures into the Todilto, and a remnant slope caused the downslope movement and folding of Todilto strata on the upper lee face. Although some expansion of the gypsum occurred in the subsurface, facies architecture fostered development of a dissolution front adjacent to the interdune gypsum body with section collapse of gypsiferous limestone on the dune flanks. 相似文献
478.
479.
480.
在综合分析假白榴正长岩物相组成的基础上,以碳酸钠为助剂,分解假白榴正长岩中主要矿物相,对其进行热力学分析,并与石灰石烧结法进行比较。烧结反应实验结果表明,采用碳酸钠为助剂,假白榴正长岩粉体在760~880 ℃条件下反应10~15 h,矿石中主要矿物的分解率可达971%。热力学计算结果表明,纯碱烧结法处理1 t假白榴正长岩矿石,消耗Na2CO3 065 t,且约95%的Na2CO3可以回收循环利用,消耗标准煤19097~20682 kg,排放CO2 077~081 t,一次性资源消耗量、标准煤耗、温室气体CO2排放量分别比石灰石烧结法分别减少了65%、63%、65%。纯碱烧结法具有一次性资源消耗低、能耗低和温室气体CO2排放量少等优点,工业化应用前景十分广阔。 相似文献