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123.
集合方根滤波同化多普勒雷达资料在一次飑线过程中的应用研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
针对2005年7月12日发生在山东省中西部地区的一次飑线天气过程,采用集合方根滤波方法开展基于WRF模式的多普勒雷达资料的同化应用试验,考察了此同化系统对实际雷达资料的同化效果。主要结论如下:(1)集合方根滤波同化系统能有效同化实际雷达资料,雷达资料的加入增加了模式的中小尺度信息,使分析场得到了显著改善,有效缩短了模式起转时间,改进了对地面降水的预报。(2)利用三次同化分析后的集合平均分析场进行的确定性预报表明,与控制试验相比,同化后分析场能更准确地预报飑线系统的微物理量场,预报的流场结构符合风暴的动力特征,动力场和热力场的分布与配置也基本合理。(3)集合平均分析场对飑线系统传播方向的预报与实况一致,但预报的系统传播速度较实况快,由于对流系统的非线性发展迅速,对系统的预报时效为5—6 h。 相似文献
124.
???t??????λ??????λ????????????GPS?????????????????д?????????????????????????????·????????????????λ????????????????з????????????λ??????????е?EW??NS???????????7.3??7.1??16.0 mm??????λ??EW??NS???????????5.0??5.2??14.7 mm????????????λ???????????λ?????1.9~2.3 mm?????ù????????????о??????λ??????????????????????????????????????е?????????????????????λ??????????0.1 Hz??????????????????????????0.1 Hz??????????????????????????λ??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????λ????????????????????????????????????????????????λ????????????????????????????????? 相似文献
125.
A lot of studies have been done for correcting the systematic biases of high resolution satellite images (HRSI), which is a fundamental work in the geometric orientation and the geopositioning of HRSI. All the existing bias-corrected models eliminate the biases in the images by expressing the biases as a function of some deterministic parameters (i.e. shift, drift, or affine transformation models), which is indeed effective for most of the commercial high resolution satellite imagery (i.e. IKONOS, GeoEye-1, WorldView-1/2) except for QuickBird. Studies found that QuickBird is the only one that needs more than a simple shift model to absorb the strong residual systematic errors. To further improve the image geopositioning of QuickBird image, in this paper, we introduce space correlated errors (SCEs) and model them as signals in the bias-corrected rational function model (RFM) and estimate the SCEs at the ground control points (GCPs) together with the bias-corrected parameters using least squares collocation. With these estimated SCEs at GCPs, we then predict the SCEs at the unknown points according to their stochastic correlation with SCEs at the GCPs. Finally, we carry out geopositioning for these unknown points after compensating both the biases and the SCEs. The performance of our improved geopositioning model is demonstrated with a stereo pair of QuickBird cross-track images in the Shanghai urban area. The results show that the SCEs exist in HRSI and the presented geopositioning model exhibits a significant improvement, larger than 20% in both latitude and height directions and about 2.8% in longitude direction, in geopositioning accuracy compared to the common used affine transformation model (ATM), which is not taking SCEs into account. The statistical results also show that our improved geopositioning model is superior to the ATM and the second polynomial model (SPM) in both accuracy and reliability for the geopositioning of HRSI. 相似文献
126.
Specific features of tile access patterns can be applied in a cache replacement strategy to a limited distributed high-speed cache for the cloud-based networked geographic information services (NGISs), aiming to adapt to changes in the access distribution of hotspots. By taking advantage of the spatiotemporal locality, the sequential features in tile access patterns, and the cache reading performance in the burst mode, this article proposes a tile sequence replacement method, which involves structuring a Least Recently Used (LRU) stack into three portions for the different functions in cache replacement and deriving an expression for the temporal locality and popularity of the relevant tile to facilitate the replacement process. Based on the spatial characteristics of both the tiles and the cache burst mode with regard to reading data, the proposed method generates multiple tile sequences to reflect spatiotemporal locality in tile access patterns. Then, we measure the caching value by a technique based on a weighted-based method. This technique draws on the recent access popularity and low caching costs of tile sequences, with the aim of balancing the temporal and spatial localities in tile access. It ranks tile sequences in a replacement queue to adapt to the changes in accessed hotspots while reducing the replacement frequency. Experimental results show that the proposed method effectively improves the hit rate and utilization rate for a limited distributed cache while achieving satisfactory response performance and high throughput for users in an NGIS. Therefore, it can be adapted to handle numerous data access requests in NGISs in a cloud-based environment. 相似文献
127.
支持向量机(Support Vector Machine: SVM)一直作为机器学习方法在统计学习理论基础上被研究和发展,本文从信号与系统的角度出发,证明了平移不变核最小二乘支持向量机(Least Squares SVM: LS-SVM)是一个线性时不变系统.以Ricker子波核为例,探讨了不同参数对最小二乘支持向量回归(Least Squares Support Vector Regression: LS-SVR)滤波器频率响应特性的影响,这些参数的不同选择相应地控制着滤波器通带上升沿的陡峭性、通带的中心频率、通带带宽以及信号能量的衰减,即滤波器长度越长通带的上升沿越陡,核参数值越大通带的中心频率越高,且通带带宽越宽,正则化参数值越小,通带带宽越窄(但通带中心频率基本保持恒定),有效信号幅度衰减越严重.合成地震记录的仿真实验结果表明,Ricker子波核LS-SVR滤波器在处理地震勘探信号的应用中,滤波性能优于径向基函数(Radial Basic Function: RBF)核LS-SVR滤波器以及小波变换滤波和Wiener滤波方法. 相似文献
128.
针对地震中城市桥梁震害状态具有较强的非线性、复杂性的特点,采用了具有RBF核函数的最小二乘支持向量机(LS-SVM)算法。在大量收集我国地震中城市桥梁震害资料的基础上,将此算法引入桥梁的震害预测中,选取了地震烈度、上部结构、地基失效程度、支座类型、墩台高度、桥梁跨数和场地类别等因素作为模型的特征输入向量,建立了最小二乘支持向量机的桥梁震害预测模型。通过反复地样本训练及模型参数设置,仿真结果表明,该方法具有一定的准确度和可行性。基于最小二乘支持向量机的桥梁震害预测方法是一种可以用于地震中桥梁震害预测的良好方法。 相似文献
129.
David Lincoln 《Area》2008,40(2):218-227
Offering the world's Least Developed Countries (LDCs) unhindered access to European markets for all exports other than arms, the European Union's Everything but Arms programme is the most favourable of its preferential trade arrangements. This paper discusses the classification of LDCs and focuses on the geography of LDC sugar trade to suggest unintended consequences of the EBA programme in creating new country configurations in the global South. 相似文献
130.
利用1999—2007期GPS水平速度场数据,采用Defnode负位错反演程序估算了龙门山断裂在汶川地震前的闭锁程度和滑动亏损分布,结合龙门山断裂带附近地表水平应变率场结果,综合分析了震前地壳变形特征.反演结果表明,震前龙门山断裂中北段处于完全闭锁状态,闭锁深度达到21 km(闭锁比例0.99)左右,垂直断层方向的挤压滑动亏损速率约为2.2 mm/a,平行断层方向的右旋滑动亏损速率约为4.6 mm/a.龙门山断裂南段只有地表以下12 km闭锁程度较高(闭锁比例0.99),垂直断层方向滑动亏损速率约为1.4 mm/a,平行断层方向滑动亏损速率约为4.6 mm/a;在12~16 km处闭锁比例约为0.83,垂直断层方向滑动亏损速率约为1.2 mm/a,平行断层方向滑动亏损速率约为3.8 mm/a;在16~21 km处闭锁比例约为0.75,垂直断层方向滑动亏损速率约为1.1 mm/a,平行断层方向滑动亏损速率约为3.5 mm/a.在21~24 km处整条断裂均逐步转变为蠕滑.上述反演结果与区域应变计算获得的龙门山断裂带中北段整体应变积累速率较低、南段应变积累速率较高相一致,均表明中北段闭锁程度高、南段闭锁程度稍低,该特征可以较好地解释汶川地震时从震中向北东向单向破裂现象. 相似文献