Evaluation of the effects of the communication cable on the dynamics of an underwater flight vehicle

This paper presents a numerical scheme to evaluate the effects of the communication cable attached to an underwater flight vehicle. Both simulation and model validation results show that the numerical scheme is effective and provides a means for developing a feed-forward controller to compensate for the cable effects when developing an autopilot for the tethered vehicle. Moreover, the numerical scheme can also be applied to predict the effects of the ROVs umbilical during its deployment.     

RY-3溶氧仪测试结果分析

给出了作者研制的ＲＹ－３溶解氧测试仪的银极电位与美国 ＹＳＩ－５８溶氧仪 的银极电位（在海水中均以甘汞电极为参比电极）对比测试的误差分析，对ＲＹ－３溶 氧仪与ＹＳＩ－５８溶氧仪现场对比测试的结果进行误差分析。并介绍了国家标准物质 研究中心和青岛计量测试所对ＲＹ－３溶氧仪的测试结果。     

Experimental Study of Bearing Capacity of Granular Soils,Reinforced with Innovative Grid-Anchor System

The pull-out resistance of reinforcing elements is one of the most significant factors in increasing the bearing capacity of geosynthetic reinforced soils. In this research a new reinforcing element that includes elements (anchors) attached to ordinary geogrid for increasing the pull-out resistance of reinforcements is introduced. Reinforcement therefore consists of geogrid and anchors with cubic elements that attached to the geogrid, named (by the authors) Grid-Anchor. A total of 45 load tests were performed to investigate the bearing capacity of square footing on sand reinforced with this system. The effect of depth of the first reinforcement layer, the vertical spacing, the number and width of reinforcement layers, the distance that anchors are effective, effect of relative density, low strain stiffness and stiffness after local shear were investigated. Laboratory tests showed that when a single layer of reinforcement is used there is an optimum reinforcement embedment depth for which the bearing capacity is the greatest. There also appeared to be an optimum vertical spacing of reinforcing layers for multi-layer reinforced sand. The bearing capacity was also found to increase with increasing number of reinforcement layer, if the reinforcement were placed within a range of effective depth. The effect of soil density also is investigated. Finally the results were compared with the bearing capacity of footings on non-reinforced sand and sand reinforced with ordinary geogrid and the advantages of the Grid-Anchor were highlighted. Test results indicated that the use of Grid-Anchor to reinforce the sand increased the ultimate bearing capacity of shallow square footing by a factor of 3.0 and 1.8 times compared to that for un-reinforced soil and soil reinforced with ordinary geogrid, respectively.     

城市再开发背景下的社区感知——基于内隐联想测验的研究

以广州市永庆坊为例,研究采用内隐联想测验法、问卷以及质性访谈相结合的方法,探究其改造前后社区相关主体的社区感知,旨在探讨社区空间变化背后相关主体的感知态度差异。研究结果揭示了社区感知的外显态度和内隐态度的分离效应,且外显态度表现的差异性强于内隐态度。参与者对永庆坊改造前后的连贯性和积极性存在外显感知态度的显著差异,在内隐态度结果上,参与者对永庆坊改造前后的连贯性和积极性并未存在显著差异。实验结果表明：物质层面的更新并非引起居民等主体对改造热议的根本原因,社区更新重点应关注利益主体对权利、参与权的诉求,关注其利益分配的合理性。诚然,社区改造规划中不仅应重视公众参与和调查,也应深入挖掘社区公众对于社区改造的内隐感知态度,以提高社区规划的效力。研究采用内隐联想测验的神经科学认知方法对景观感知的探讨,以期开拓人文地理学研究方法神经科学转向的新方向。     

基于PLS的面雨量统计学降尺度

基于GIS的面雨量估算方法和基于模式输出的雨量产品都无法解决分辨率过低的问题,并且都不同程度地忽略了中小尺度地形对降水的影响.回顾了各种统计学降尺度方法,使用NCEP/NCAR提供的2011年4—9月的6 h一次的再分析资料,以及江苏省气象台提供的全省20多个常规站降水实况观测资料,结合高分辨率DEM数据,利用偏最小二乘法(PLS)设计了一套考虑地形因子动力作用的面雨量降尺度方案.通过合理选择和构造大尺度预报因子,地形因子动力作用参数化,回归分析与空间插值相结合的面雨量降尺度方案,成功还原了研究区域内代表站的实况降水序列,并绘制出研究区域内高分辨率的面雨量空间分布图.     

内蒙古自治区太阳总辐射的气候学计算及其时空分布特征

通过对比分析国内外太阳总辐射的气候学计算方法,最终给出内蒙古太阳辐射最佳计算公式。根据内蒙古及周边地区24个太阳辐射观测站历年各月的总辐射和日照百分率,采用最小二乘法拟合出公式中的经验系数,并在分区基础上通过内插将a、b系数推广到内蒙古108个气象站点上,从而建立了内蒙古太阳总辐射计算模型。结果表明：内蒙古太阳总辐射年际变化总体呈下降趋势,但不显著,而且不同区域在减小速率上差异明显。年变化则表现为单峰型变化趋势,以5月辐射量最大,6、7月次之,12月最小。全年和各月总辐射的空间分布形态一致,总的分布趋势由东北向西南逐渐递增。全区年总辐射在4633～6616 MJ·m^-2之间,太阳能资源丰富程度均在丰富级别以上,而且大部分地区属于资源最丰富区和很丰富区,太阳能开发利用潜力巨大。     

Wave-induced water table fluctuations,sediment transport and beach profile change: Modeling and comparison with large-scale laboratory experiments

Coastal groundwater systems can have a considerable impact on sediment transport and foreshore evolution in the surf and swash zones. Process-based modeling of wave motion on a permeable beach taking into account wave-aquifer interactions was conducted to investigate the effects of the unconfined coastal aquifer on beach profile evolution, and wave shoaling on the water table. The simulation first dealt with wave breaking and wave runup/rundown in the surf and swash zones. Nearshore hydrodynamics and wave propagation in the cross-shore direction were simulated by solving numerically the two-dimensional Navier–Stokes equations with a k–ε turbulence closure model and the Volume-Of-Fluid technique. The hydrodynamic model was coupled to a groundwater flow model based on SEAWAT-2000, the latter describing groundwater flow in the unconfined coastal aquifer. The combined model enables the simulation of wave-induced water table fluctuations and the effects of infiltration/exfiltration on nearshore sediment transport. Numerical results of the coupled ocean/aquifer simulations were found to compare well with experimental measurements. Wave breaking and infiltration/exfiltration increase the hydraulic gradient across the beachface and enhance groundwater circulation inside the porous medium. The large hydraulic head gradient in the surf zone leads to infiltration across the beachface before the breaking point, with exfiltration taking place below the breaking point. In the swash zone, infiltration occurs at the upper part of the beach and exfiltration at the lower part. The simulations confirm that beaches with a low water table tend to be accreted while those with a high water table tend to be eroded.     

Software Development For The Square Kilometre Array

Software development costs for the Square Kilometre Array are likely to be very large – in the range of 1000–2000 person-year a total. This level of software effort is unprecedented in radio astronomy. Consequently the risk associated with software development is very large. This is common to many large science projects and so we can learn from such projects how to best mitigate against the risk. We present a shopping list of suggestions drawn from the experience in other projects.     

测绘科学的发展与假说

数学、物理、化学、天文、生物等各个学科都有不少论文论述假说对其学科发展的贡献 ,但测绘科学方面与此有关的论文则不多见。以地扁说、地壳均衡学说、最小二乘法等为例的假说在测绘科学发展中具有一定的作用和意义。