不排水双层粘性土地基极限承载力的数值分析

采用弹塑性有限元分析了条形基础作用下不排水条件的双层粘性土地基极限承载力性状。采用修正的地基承载力系数表征,并将不同的几何与土层参数条件下的数值解与上下限解和经典的经验解进行比较。表明弹塑性位移有限元法可以很好地求解地基的极限承载力问题,其求解得到的修正地基承载力系数与基于下限原理的有限元解很接近,而上限解高估了地基的极限荷载值,传统的经验解在某些条件下却偏小。     

Propagation of non-stationary random waves in viscoelastic stratified solids

This paper covers propagation of non-stationary random waves in stratified materials. The layered solid considered is located above the bedrock, whose material properties are assumed to be much stiffer than the solid, and known power spectrum densities of the non-stationary random excitations are input at the bedrock. The governing differential equations are derived in the frequency and wavenumber domain and the response power spectrum densities of the ground are investigated. The solution method presented uses the pseudo-excitation method in combination with the precise integration method and the extended Wittrick–Williams algorithm. The examples have up to three layers.     

Palaeoproterozoic evolution of the Challenger Au deposit, South Australia, from monazite geochronology

Monazite in granulite facies metatexite migmatites (Christie Gneiss) hosting the Challenger Au deposit, South Australia, records a series of growth and resorption stages over a c. 60 Myr period between 2470 and 2410 Ma. A combination of electron microprobe X‐ray mapping and in situ ion‐microprobe dating was used to delineate and date five compositional domains. The oldest prograde metamorphic components are preserved in granoblastic gneisses surrounding the deposit, and as small high‐Y cores in large monazite grains in Au‐bearing migmatites. In metatexite leucosomes, these cores were partially resorbed prior to the growth of large high‐Th monazite domains that crystallized during partial melting and stromatic migmatite development at c. 2443 Ma. Subsequent heating to biotite dehydration conditions (c. 850 °C at 7 kbar) caused further partial melting roughly 10–15 Myr later, giving rise to c. 2428 Ma domains surrounding partly resorbed 2443 Ma grains that were entrained in the higher‐temperature melts. This period of partial melting coincided with isoclinal folding culminating in dextral transpression and represents the most likely window for remobilization of Au‐bearing polymetallic sulphide melts into low‐strain domains. Localized reaction of residual melt with the granulite facies assemblage during cooling gave rise to narrow high‐Y rims dated at 2414 ± 7 Ma. Although monazite from unmineralized granoblastic gneisses and migmatitic ore zones display the same range of U‐Pb dates, monazite in migmatites displays a higher overall Ca + Th + U content, indicating that compositional heterogeneities between ore zones and host rocks developed prior to 2470 Ma, perhaps a consequence of the hydrothermal alteration inferred to have accompanied gold mineralization.     

Development of igneous layering during growth of pluton: The Tarçouate Laccolith (Morocco)

We discuss the significance of igneous layering with respect to pluton growth processes. The case study is the Tarçouate Laccolith (Morocco), whose core consists of modally layered hornblende granodiorites with high amount of monzodioritic enclaves, contrasting with peripheral, non-layered biotite granodiorites with low amount of enclaves. Rhythmic layering, with modal grading, cross-stratification and trough layering is associated with monzodioritic layers and wraps around mafic enclaves. Its steep dips ≥ 45° result from tilting that occurred above solidus conditions, as indicated by sub-vertical and synmagmatic granite, aplite and monzodiorite dykes cutting across the layering.The systematic association of igneous layering with mafic enclaves in calc-alkaline plutons suggests that layering originates from recurrent injection of mafic magma. Viscosity calculations suggest that the physicochemical properties of magma alone cannot account for the presence of layering in the central hornblende granodiorite and its coeval absence in the peripheral biotite granodiorite of the Tarçouate Laccolith. Intermittent pulses of hot mafic magma into crystallizing granodiorite likely produced thermal perturbations able to trigger local convection, formation of mafic enclaves and development of igneous layering through protracted crystallization.     

深部砂岩热储沉降监测分层标建设与结构合理性初探——以鲁北平原深部砂岩热储沉降监测分层标组为例

目前,山东省尚无分层标建设的专业规范,针对不同深度分层标,尤其是深度较大分层标,用以明确其标杆结构、标组组成等。施工流程、标体结构的不合理导致使管材浪费,一定程度上增加了分层标的监测误差及建设成本。本文以鲁北平原深部砂岩热储沉降监测分层标组为例,对分层标选址、分层标结构、标桩个数、深度确定等进行阐述,探究分层标结构的合理性,对类似地层结构的分层标建设具有指导作用,对地质灾害监测具有重要意义。     

A self-consistent top–down model for differentiation in bimodal suites: application to the Sonju Lake Intrusion–Finland granite system (MN)

The Sonju Lake Intrusion (SLI) is a 1200-meter thick layered mafic intrusion that directly underlies an equally large silicic pluton, the Finland granophyre (FG) within the Beaver Bay Complex of the Mid-Continent Rift (MN, USA). The SLI, with a simple mineralogical and compositional stratigraphy, provides an excellent case study for examining the changes in iron isotope ratios (δ⁵⁶Fe). Here new Fe isotope data along with ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr for a set of stratigraphically controlled samples from the SLI and FG are presented. The Fe isotope data show systematic changes within two differentiation sequences found in the lowermost FG as well as the upper portion of the SLI. Specifically, δ⁵⁶Fe is observed to start at low values and increase to heavy values going stratigraphically up through each differentiation sequence. Within the middle portion of the SLI, δ⁵⁶Fe varies between 0 and 0.1. Two samples from the SLI bottom are isotopically lighter than the middle SLI. The origin of the Fe isotope variations is discussed in terms of recently proposed explanations. A quantitative model shows that the observed spatial variation is consistent with the prediction of a temperature gradient model. Using present constraints on equilibrium phase partitioning, the iron isotope variations do not appear consistent with production by fractional crystallization. Based on these observations, a top–down sill emplacement process coupled with in situ differentiation remains a viable alternative model for forming this layered intrusion.     

基于层状双孔介质的地震波反射和透射系数频散特性研究

本文研究了纵波垂直入射情况下两种介质分界面处的纵波反射和透射系数的频散特性,分界面上下两侧分别为层状双孔页岩介质和层状双孔砂岩介质.当纵波沿垂直于分界面的方向传播至分界面处时,会在上层双孔介质中产生三类反射纵波,在下层双孔介质中产生三类透射纵波.基于层状双孔介质的特性,给出了分界面处的六个边界条件.根据层状双孔介质的波动方程,利用平面波分析得到了纵波的反射和透射系数.结果表明：当多孔介质中存在流体时,纵波的反射和透射系数与频率相关,即存在频散现象.波致流体流动是造成纵波反射和透射系数频散的主要原因.此外,结果还表明局部流体流动引起地震频带内反射和透射系数的频散,宏观Biot流引起超声频带内反射和透射系数的频散.本文同时对岩石参数对反射和透射系数频散曲线的影响进行了研究.     

基于数值流形法的反倾层状岩质边坡倾倒破坏分析

边坡破坏是累积性过程,从变形到破坏的过程中会产生永久位移,如果永久位移过大,极有可能产生滑坡.因此根据不同工况下采集到的位移数据,分析地震作用下反倾层状岩质边坡在不同内摩擦角下的破坏特征.利用二维数值流形法(NMM),以青藏高原金沙江流域西藏昌都地区芒康县索多西乡贡扎倾倒滑坡为研究对象,依据实地考察数据及室内力学试验得...     

Approximation to Cutoffs of Higher Modes of Rayleigh Waves for a Layered Earth Model

A cutoff defines the long-period termination of a Rayleigh-wave higher mode and, therefore is a key characteristic of higher mode energy relationship to several material properties of the subsurface. Cutoffs have been used to estimate the shear-wave velocity of an underlying half space of a layered earth model. In this study, we describe a method that replaces the multilayer earth model with a single surface layer overlying the half-space model, accomplished by harmonic averaging of velocities and arithmetic averaging of densities. Using numerical comparisons with theoretical models validates the single-layer approximation. Accuracy of this single-layer approximation is best defined by values of the calculated error in the frequency and phase velocity estimate at a cutoff. Our proposed method is intuitively explained using ray theory. Numerical results indicate that a cutoffs frequency is controlled by the averaged elastic properties within the passing depth of Rayleigh waves and the shear-wave velocity of the underlying half space.     

磷表面包覆正极材料LiCoO2及其电化学性能研究

通过低温固相法制备了单质磷表面包覆LiCoO2超细粉体,研究了不同包覆量对LiCoO2粉体物理性能和电化学性能的影响。通过XRD、SEM研究了晶体结构、形貌等。分析表明包覆的粉体具有层状结构,表面光滑,粉体分布均匀,粒径分布在0.2~0.6μm之间。充放电循环测试表明:与LiCoO2相比,包覆磷后电压平台略有下降;当单质磷包覆量为5%时,正极材料LiCoO2的初始容量为173.3 mAh.g-1,50个循环后容量为143.2 mAh.g-1;在0.5C倍率下,正极材料LiCoO2初始容量144.0 mAh.g-1,100次循环后容量118.3 mAh.g-1,平均每次容量损失为0.18%。