多发点地震紧急运输优化系统的设计

大地震后的救灾运输不仅要求及时,还要保证运输量上充足.本文提出一种基于图层拼接的多发点(多个站点同时出发)地震紧急救灾运输系统的构建方案,既能够充分挖掘震后实际交通网络的潜力,又能够综合考虑多条线路同时发送救灾物资的并行运输问题,避免多条运输线路同时运输造成的交通拥堵,并能满足运输量的需求.     

秦岭造山带古热水场地球化学类型及流体动力学模型探讨——热水沉积成矿盆地分析与研究方法之二

采用地质类比方法, 结合秦岭造山带热水沉积岩相研究, 提出热水沉积体系概念。通过现代陆相及海相热泉和秦岭热水沉积岩相对比, 按化学成分可将古热水场划分为强酸性硫酸盐型、弱酸强碱碳酸盐型、以ＳｉＯ２ 为酸酐型、碱性富Ｍｇ 重卤水型、热卤水型及强酸性硼硅酸盐型等６ 种类型古热水场。并对典型热水场的地球化学类型特征及成岩成矿作用进行了讨论。在前人研究的基础上, 探讨了热水系统的流体地球化学动力学。提出了热水沉积成矿盆地中热水系统的两类地球化学流体动力学模型, 热水层流体系模型和不同成分、性状的热水混合体系模型。从热水系统的边界协同学约束条件、空间拓朴结构、流体通量动量方程及矿质大规模沉淀的地球化学动力学等方面对这两类流体动力学模型进行了讨论。     

多源信息叠合在延吉盆地油气远景预测的应用

基于GIS的多源信息叠合评价方法是以基础地质图件或数据作为信息,将原始地质图件和数据网格化并赋以属性值,通过地质信息分级标准,变换为标准信息图,通过因子分析,确定各参数的权重并建立油气评价模型,用符合地质含义的关系式进行数据与图层、图层与图层之间的叠合、计算,最后通过空间隐含信息的提取,预测出盆地的有利勘探区域.作者采用该方法,对已发现工业油气流的延吉盆地进行了多源信息叠合、计算评价,指出了章岩洞-崇明、延吉市周遍、铜佛寺周遍三大区块为油气勘探有利远景区.     

泰莱断陷盆地西部地热资源的成因

泰莱中—新生代断陷盆地及其周边地区为地热资源的形成准备了良好的储热岩层和保温盖层。通过遥感图像处理和重力、航磁数据处理以及构造岩显微构造分析、断裂新活动调查,确定了断裂的力学性质和深层构造性质以及断裂的继承性、新生性,了解了地下水深循环增温的条件,针对地热形成必须具备的“储”、“盖”、“通”、“源”四大要素进行的分析,说明泰莱断陷盆地蕴藏着丰富的地热资源,为进一步勘探开发提供了依据。      

Distinguishing Developing Versus Non-Developing African Easterly Waves Using Adaptive Observational Strategies

The impacts of dust loaded, Saharan Air Layer (SAL) during the life cycle of African Easterly Waves (AEWs) is a many-faceted scientific problem. It entails possible radiative effects of dust aerosols, impacts of dust on cloud physics, and the cloud nuclei of condensation, advective effects, that is, intrusions of dry dusty air versus humid air into the interior of storms. This paper addresses several such AEWs of the eastern Atlantic Ocean, where we have made use of special aircraft reconnaissance data sets that include wind and humidity profiles in the vertical. Using what are called adaptive observational strategies within a mesoscale model, we show the impacts of adding such observations in the analysis and in short-range forecasts of several AEWs. We do not have the direct and indirect effects of aerosols, but we do include the advective component. Our results show that the inclusion of humidity profiling distinguishes between developing versus nondeveloping AEWs from the use of these additional data sets via the adaptive observational strategies.     

空间科学虚拟观测台体系结构研究

科学观测数据的海量增长,使得旨在实现资源互操作的虚拟观测台(VO)应运而生,并迅速受到相关学科的支持和重视。国际虚拟天文台联盟(IVOA)、行星科学数据系统(PDS)和空间物理归档检索抽取标准(SPASE)等数据组织,正加快制定数据管理模型,推动VO的发展和跨学科应用。结合空间科学应用研究的特点,在借鉴国内外天文和空间科学VO研究成果的基础上,提出了一种针对空间科学数据的Hybrid型VO体系结构,并基于此体系结构发展了一个支持同步收割、格式化管道和事件关联发现的空间科学VO原型。实践和应用结果表明,基于这种体系结构建立的VO在解决全局资源的实时同步、异构应用的高度集成和面向科学问题的数据发现等问题上,有一定的普适性。     

Ceilometer observations of aerosol layer structure above the Petit Lubéron during ESCOMPTE's IOP 2

A modified ceilometer has been used during the second Intensive Observation Period (IOP) of the “Expérience sur Site pour COntraindre les Modèles de Pollution atmosphériques et de Transport d'Émission” (ESCOMPTE) to perform continuous remote observations of aerosol accumulations in the first 3 km of the atmosphere. These observations encompassed an episode of intense particulate and photochemical pollution. The submicronic particles density, measured at an altitude of 600 m, went from a very low point of a few tens of particles per cubic centimeter (at the end of a Mistral episode in the free atmosphere) to a high point of more than 4500 particles per cubic centimeter (when pollutants were trapped by thermal inversions).The main result is that this instrument enables a fine documentation of the mixing layer height and of aerosol particles stratifications and circulation. Airborne aerosol measurements have been made above the mountainous region of Mérindol in order to validate in situ the remote sensing measurements. Ozone measurements near the summit of the mountains as well as in the valley were performed in order to correlate aerosol accumulation and ozone concentration. As a notable example, the two-layer aerosol stratification seen in the first 2 days of IOP 2b in that part of the ESCOMPTE domain confirms the results of another team which used backtrajectories. The low-altitude pollution for this timeframe had a local origin (the Fos industrial area), whereas above 500 m, the air masses had undergone regional-scale transport (from north-eastern Spain).The second major result is the highlighting of a pattern, in sea breeze conditions and in this part of the ESCOMPTE experiment zone, of nocturnal aerosol accumulation at an altitude of between 500 and 2000 m, followed by high ozone concentration the next day.     

Measurements of armour layer roughness geometry function and porosity

The roughness geometry function of the interfacial sublayer of a gravel-bed armour layer was measured directly by filling water stepwise into a laboratory flume and indirectly from a digital elevation model (DEM) of the surface. The results of both methods are compared and show that the DEM can be used to reliably estimate the roughness density function for a wide range of the interfacial sublayer. The direct measurements revealed an absolute minimum of porosity at the level of the roughness trough which is significantly smaller than porosity in the undisturbed subsurface and porosity estimates obtained from relationships found in the literature. The significance of the results for hydraulic engineering and ecological applications is highlighted.     

硬化粗质地基冻土层的速度参数与卓越周期的关系

本文给出了对共振现象出现概率的理论分析与实验数据间关系的思考。样品取自位于半空间的硬化粗质冻土地基,包括石质冻层。参考从三个场地14次地震记录的纵、横波速求得的土层相对频率特征,进行了对其共振频率的评估。纵、横波速在前贝加尔和后贝加尔地区的粗质冻土层中随湿度和温度而变化。将这些概括化的速度值与一个共振频率和纵、横波度之间的关系式结合起来,用于评估被调查土层的纵、横波速的概率值。结果显示,通过综合在实验室尺度获得的速度值和现场测量获得的速度值的数据,则利用地震记录波来确定在松散土层内传播速度的概率值是可能的。