粘弹性分层和重力作用对地震形变场数值模拟的影响

弹性半无限空间模型程序(Okada)经常被用于计算同震形变,但该程序不能考虑岩石分层和重力作用对变形的影响,也无法考虑震后粘弹性变形.本文利用汪容江考虑分层、重力作用的粘弹性模型程序(PSGRN/PSCMP),讨论走滑和倾向滑动断层的几种情况,并与Okada模型进行比较.结果表明重力影响不大,分层作用的影响要大于重力作用的影响;考虑重力和分层可给出更好的结果;粘滞系数的大小对震后形变曲线的形态和幅度都有很大的影响,涉及震后形变的问题考虑粘滞性是非常重要的.     

Computational study of tetrahedral Al–Si ordering in muscovite

 The nature of Al–Si ordering across the tetrahedral sites in muscovite, K₂Al₄(Si₆Al₂O₂₀)(OH)₄, was investigated using various computational techniques. Values of the atomic exchange interaction parameters J _l were obtained. From these parameters, a two-dimensional Al–Si ordering scheme was deduced. The transition temperature T _c for this two-dimensional ordering is 1900 K. There are several possible ordering schemes in three dimensions, based on different stacking sequences of ordered sheets of tetrahedral sites. Monte Carlo simulations of both two-dimensional and three-dimensional ordering were performed, but in the three-dimensional simulation only the two-dimensional ordering is seen, implying that three-dimensional ordering is too slow to be attained during the timescale of the simulation. The effect of the three-dimensional interactions is to raise the two-dimensional ordering temperature to 2140 K. From the three-dimensional Monte Carlo simulation, the frequency of occurrence of 4Si0Al, 3Si1Al, 2Si2Al and 1Si3Al clusters was determined, which match those inferred by ²⁹Si MAS–NMR measurements reasonably well. In fact, the match suggests that the cation ordering seen in experiments corresponds to a configuration with considerable short-range order but no long-range order, similar to a state that is at a temperature just above an ordering phase transition. Received: 28 August 2000 / Accepted: 12 March 2001     

Effect of structure and texture on infiltration flow pattern during flood irrigation

Understanding the flow pattern of water and solute in subsurface soils is critically important in the fields of agricultural and environmental sciences. Dye tracer tests using a flood irrigation of Brilliant Blue FCF solution (5 g l^-1) and excavation method was performed to investigate the effect of texture and structure on the infiltration pattern at three different field soils developed from granite (GR), gneiss (GN) and limestone (LS). The GR soil showed a homogeneous matrix flow in the surface soil with weak, medium granular structure and a macropore flow along pegmatitic vein and plant root in C horizon. The surface horizon (A1) of GN soil with moderate, medium granular structure and many fine roots had matrix flow. The fingering occurred at the interfaces of sandy loam A horizon and loamy sand C horizon in GR soil and loam A1 horizon and sandy loam A2 horizon in GN soil. The LS soil with strong, coarse prismatic structure and the finest texture showed a macropore flow along cracks and had the deepest penetration of the dye tracer. The macropore (crack and vein), layer interface and plant root induced the preferential flow in the studied soils.     

Lebedev网格改进差分系数TTI介质正演模拟方法研究

本文采用一种新的交错网格-Lebedev网格（LG）进行TTI介质的正演模拟研究,避免了Virieux标准交错网格（SSG）算法在处理TTI、单斜等各向异性介质时波场插值引入的数值误差,提高了模拟精度.在方法实现过程中,本文针对有限差分正演模拟面临的网格频散与边界反射两个关键性问题分别做了优化,并通过模型试算验证了它们的有效性与可行性：（1）结合最小二乘思想推导出新的频散改进差分系数（DIC）,该系数比Taylor系数更能有效地压制粗网格引起的数值频散,可以节约内存,提高计算效率;（2）将分裂的多轴完全匹配层（M-PML）吸收边界条件引入到LG算法中,解决了传统PML边界条件在某些各向异性介质中的不稳定现象并且具有较好的边界吸收效果.     

四川盆地三叠系地下卤水储层特征及其富集的控制作用

四川盆地三叠系地下卤水分布广泛,品质优良,是我国开采利用最早,工业价值最高的卤水资源。研究表明,地下卤水储层为低孔隙低渗透致密岩石,不利于卤水的运聚,而后期构造形成的断裂和裂缝控制了卤水的富集作用。     

http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1674987112000254

The applications of intelligent techniques have increased exponentially in recent days to study most of the non-linear parameters.In particular,the behavior of earth resembles the non-linearity applications.An efficient tool is needed for the interpretation of geophysical parameters to study the subsurface of the earth.Artificial Neural Networks(ANN) perform certain tasks if the structure of the network is modified accordingly for the purpose it has been used.The three most robust networks were taken and comparatively analyzed for their performance to choose the appropriate network.The single-layer feed-forward neural network with the back propagation algorithm is chosen as one of the well-suited networks after comparing the results.Initially,certain synthetic data sets of all three-layer curves have been taken for training the network,and the network is validated by the Held datasets collected from Tuticorin Coastal Region(78°7′30″E and 8°48′45″N),Tamil Nadu.India.The interpretation has been done successfully using the corresponding learning algorithm in the present study.With proper training of back propagation networks,it tends to give the resistivity and thickness of the subsurface layer model of the field resistivity data concerning the synthetic data trained earlier in the appropriate network.The network is trained with more Vertical Electrical Sounding(VES) data,and this trained network is demonstrated by the field data.Groundwater table depth also has been modeled.     

南京秋季辐射雾与平流雾边界层气象要素特征比较

利用南京市200 m气象铁塔的梯度观测资料、L波段探空雷达以及常规气象资料,对南京地区2010年两次秋季大雾天气过程进行了对比分析.结果表明:①两次大雾天气分别为典型的辐射雾和平流雾.②在两类大雾的发展过程中,对流层低层都存在较厚的逆温层,其中辐射雾存在多层辐射逆温和下沉逆温,而平流雾仅存在一层由暖平流形成的强逆温;边界层内辐射雾的贴地逆温强度明显强于平流雾,另外两次过程中均存在上层逆温.③雾的发展与地面气温的演变均有较好的对应关系:均是在地面气温出现突降、贴地逆温强度突增之后,边界层相对湿度随之显著上升,雾增强发展;辐射雾的雾顶高度远高于平流雾.④边界层风速呈现明显的峰值变化,且这种风速的脉动与雾的发展有一定的对应关系:当各层风速出现陡降后,雾增强发展,而后随着湍流的加强,雾趋于消散.     

A Coupled Ice-Ocean Model in the Pan-Arctic and North Atlantic Ocean: Simulation of Seasonal Cycles

A coupled ice-ocean model is configured for the pan-Arctic and northern North Atlantic Ocean with a 27.5 km resolution. The model is driven by the daily atmospheric climatology averaged from the 40-year NCEP reanalysis (1958–1997). The ocean model is the Princeton Ocean Model (POM), while the sea ice model is based on a full thermodynamical and dynamical model with plastic-viscous rheology. A sea ice model with multiple categories of thickness is utilized. A systematic model-data comparison was conducted. This model reasonably reproduces seasonal cycles of both the sea ice and the ocean. Climatological sea ice areas derived from historical data are used to validate the ice model performance. The simulated sea ice cover reaches a maximum of 14 × 10⁶ km² in winter and a minimum of 6.7 × 10⁶ km² in summer. This is close to the 95-year climatology with a maximum of 13.3 × 10⁶ km² in winter and a minimum of 7 × 10⁶ km² in summer. The simulated general circulation in the Arctic Ocean, the GIN (Greenland, Iceland, and Norwegian) seas, and northern North Atlantic Ocean are qualitatively consistent with historical mapping. It is found that the low winter salinity or freshwater in the Canada Basin tends to converge due to the strong anticyclonic atmospheric circulation that drives the anticyclonic ocean surface current, while low summer salinity or freshwater tends to spread inside the Arctic and exports out of the Arctic due to the relaxing wind field. It is also found that the warm, saline Atlantic Water has little seasonal variation, based on both simulation and observations. Seasonal cycles of temperature and salinity at several representative locations reveals regional features that characterize different water mass properties.     

海藻中植物生长素组成的初步研究

海藻样品在经过提取、分离和纯化等前处理步骤后，以薄层色谱（TLC）法定性检测了16种海藻中的植物生长素（IAA）以及提取和分离纯化的效果。结果表明，大部分海藻样品经过提取、脱色、萃取、柱层析纯化过程后都发现含有IAA的显色斑点而其它生长素的显色斑点很少。这些结果说明了16种海藻样品中都含有IAA以及定性检测方法的准确性和前处理方法的必要性。     

松辽盆地演化历史和铀成矿地质条件

松辽盆地为中国北方大型内陆盆地之一，总面积达２０万平方公里，它们于中亚可地浸砂岩型铀矿带的东延部分。其中发育有含油气建造、含煤建造和红色陆相碎屑岩建造。在红色碎屑岩建造中有层间氧化和“泥－砂－泥”结构发育，并有良好的地下水承压和循环体制，是寻找可地浸砂岩型铀矿的有利地区。