松辽盆地北部白垩系泉头组扶余油层致密油成藏主控因素*

松辽盆地北部中央坳陷白垩系泉头组扶余油层发育河流-浅水三角洲环境下形成的低渗透致密砂岩储集层。在已提交的探明储量中, 储集层孔隙度平均为11. 8％, 渗透率平均为2. 30×10^-3 μm², 以岩性油藏为主;剩余勘探目标以赋存于孔隙度小于10％、渗透率小于1×10^-3 μm², 储集层中的致密油为主。从烃源岩、构造、断裂和储集层4个方面阐述了扶余油层致密油成藏主控因素, 认为成熟烃源岩控制了研究区致密油分布范围, 构造高部位是油气运聚指向区, 北西向断裂带控制油气富集, 河道砂体控制致密油“甜点”区。采用类比法进行致密油资源潜力评价, 初步估算扶余油层致密油资源潜力为13. 09×10⁸ t, 是大庆油田资源接替的重要领域。     

鄂尔多斯盆地陇东地区长7段页岩油特征与资源潜力

重点从鄂尔多斯盆地陇东地区长7段油页岩的地质、地化与含油性等方面分析了其页岩油的地质特征,粗略估算了长7段页岩油的资源潜力。油页岩主要分布在长7段中下部,横向连续性好。有机质丰度高,有机质类型以Ⅰ、Ⅱ型为主,并处于成熟演化阶段,以生油为主,具有较好的含油性。采用体积法对鄂尔多斯盆地陇东地区长7段页岩油的潜在资源量进行了估算,约为283.2亿t,勘探潜力较大,资源丰度为56.64×104 t/km2,是研究区潜在的重要非常规石油资源。     

Western Boundary Current Separation Caused by a Deep Countercurrent

It is shown that the deep western boundary current (DWBC) in the North Atlantic may contribute to premature separation of the Gulf Stream. A simple analytical study is made based on the linear barotropic vorticity equation in which a possible effect of the DWBC is introduced as anomalous stretching of the water column in a manner consistent with certain qualitative aspects of the observed features. This additional positive vorticity may be generated by a deep downwelling associated with horizontal shears of the DWBC. It is found that separation latitudes are farther to the south as the stretching is strengthened. Vertical motion required for a southward shift of order unity (e.g., 500 km) is estimated to be of the order of 0.05 mm s m 1 , in reasonable agreement with the observed values. It is suggested that since the DWBC is intimately linked with the thermohaline circulation, a meridional migration of the Gulf Stream separation might reflect long-term variations in the North Atlantic.     

盐下构造速度建模与逆时偏移成像研究及应用

盐丘速度建模及成像是盐下油气藏勘探有关技术瓶颈问题.盐下构造由于盐丘速度与围岩地层差异大,且厚度横向变化大,造成地震波场复杂及时间域构造畸变.针对H区复杂盐丘的地质特征,通过技术创新重新认识盐下油气藏.针对盐丘速度建模的难点,提出了"多信息约束层控实体建模技术",采用序贯高斯模拟及克里金趋势约束速度反演方法,较好解决了盐下速度异常问题,大大提高了速度建模的精度;针对盐下复杂构造成像, 基于有限差分方法研究了精确且高效的差分格式逆时波场外推算法.基于GPU/CPU协同平台,将波场延拓通过GPU实现.采用逆时偏移深度域成像技术,使高角度反射界面、甚至超过90°盐丘侧翼界面的反射波精确成像.通过盐丘理论模型试算验证算法及方法的正确性.上述方法解决了盐丘速度建模精度问题、盐丘侧翼的回转构造成像问题,实现了对盐丘边界及盐丘侧翼的准确归位.消除了速度异常造成的时间域构造畸变,使盐下地层在深度域能够准确成像.     

云南富宁南沙金矿矿化富集规律

南沙金矿处于滇黔桂"金三角"西段滇东南金成矿区富宁—广南成矿带。已发现金矿体10余条,远景可达中—大型规模。矿体受地层和构造双重控制。微细浸染状结构。低温气水热液控矿断层的次级破碎带中富集成矿。     

A Review of Some Environmental Issues Affecting Marine Mining

This article reviews information recently available from existing marine and coastal mining for responses to environmental issues affecting marine mining at different depths. It is particularly but not exclusively concerned with those issues affecting seabed biodiversity impact and recovery. Much information has been gathered in the past 10 years from shallow mining operations for construction aggregate, diamonds, and gold, from coastal mines discharging tailings to shallow and deep water, and from experimental deep mining tests. The responses to issues identified are summarized in a series of eight tables intended to facilitate site-specific consideration. Since impacts can spread widely in the surface mixing layer SML, and can affect the biologically productive euphotic zone, the main issues considered arise from the depth of mining relative to the SML of the sea. Where mining is below the SML, the issue is whether it is environmentally better to bring the extraction products to the surface vessel for processing (and waste discharge), or to process the extraction products as much as possible on the seabed. Responses to the issues need to be sitespecific, and dependent on adequate preoperational environmental impact and recovery prediction. For deep tailings disposal from a surface vessel, there are four important environmental unknowns: (1) the possible growth of "marine snow" (bacterial flocs) utilizing the enormous quantities of fine tailings particles (hundreds or thousands of metric tons per day) as nuclei for growth, (2) the possibility that local keystone plankton and nekton species may migrate diurnally down to and beyond the depth of deep discharge and hence be subjected to tailings impact at depth, (3) the burrow-up capability of deep benthos and their ability to survive high rates of tailings deposition, and (4) the pattern and rate of dispersion of a tailings density current through the deep water column from discharge point to seabed. Actions to obtain relevant information in general and site-specifically are suggested.     

测绘自动化系统SAS

测绘自动化系统（ＳＡＳ）,将控制测量,地形测量,管线测量,地籍测量、施工测量等作业集成在同一环境中,实现外业测量,内业处理,总图管理一体化。该系统已用于生产并取得良好的经济效益。     

甘肃省未来十年破坏性地震预测

中强以上地震在时空分布上具有明显的网络性和层次性。本项研究表明：甘肃及邻区发生的中强以上地震（1955—1987）有88％分布在网络的结点及其附近;在此基础上,考虑地震活动总趋势判定结果、近期小震活动特征、大震减震效应诸因素,用模式识别方法判定出了该区强震的危险地点,并给出了各危险区未来十年的发震概率。     

斜压大气中海面边界层摩擦偏角的动力学研究

本文在Ekman动量近似下，引入关于水面粗糙度的Charnock公式，求得了斜压大气中海面边界层的风速的解析表达式，进一步得到边界层摩擦偏角的公式，并获得了边界层摩擦偏角的有关结论。例如海面的摩擦偏角远小于陆地的摩擦偏角；低纬的摩擦偏角比高纬的要大：理论分析和个例计算均表明，垂直平流惯性力与水平平流惯性力对摩擦偏角分别起着减小和增大的相反作用，而且反气旋性涡度处与气旋性涡度处的摩擦偏角可相差达20多度。冷暖平流下的摩擦偏角相差很大，甚至可达七、八十度。这些结论对斜压大气中的海面边界层风场摩擦偏角的预后都具有指导性作用。