预压层叠式钻齿型孕镶金刚石钻头的研制

分析了高品质钻头的应用需求,指明了高品质钻头的研究方向。设计了一种层叠式结构钻齿,采用预冷压工艺进行压制后,再经过装模热压烧结的新型孕镶金刚石钻头。给出了此类钻头的原材料选择和制作工艺参数,分析了钻探试验结果。结果表明：预压层叠式钻齿型孕镶金刚石钻头,有利于改善钻进条件,提高钻进效率,有效地实现钻头制造过程中节能降耗,是一种广谱性应用前景的孕镶金刚石钻头新型式。     

双地震带的影响因素探讨

讨论了全球39个俯冲带内的双地震带层间距、应力类型与俯冲参数的相互关系,这些俯冲参数包括动力学参数(板块年龄、热参数、板片拉力)、运动学参数(俯冲板块速度、上覆板块运动速度、海沟迁移速度、弧后形变特征)、几何形态参数(浅俯冲角、深俯冲角、俯冲深度、长度)及上覆板块性质等. 结果表明:(1)I型双地震带易形成于年龄较古老(>60 Ma)的俯冲板块,其层间距主要与动力学参数有关;(2)II型双地震带出现在较年轻(<60 Ma)的板块,其层间距及应力状态更容易受局部应力场的影响;(3)当热参数大于5000 km时仅能形成I型双地震带,而当热参数小于5000 km时,两类双地震带都能形成;(4)上覆板块的性质似乎决定着双地震带层间距的上下限,其中大陆型上覆板块所对应的双地震带层间距小于20 km;而海洋型对应DSZ层间距则大于15 km. 限于现有的观测条件,本文基于有限样本的统计结果仍需要进一步验证.     

上海地区超高层建筑桩基沉降计算方法探讨

本文根据已有的建筑经验,应用明特林应力分布理论及双层地基概念和土的临界应力的分析,提出了更符合实际的沉降计算方法,并论证了在第三类土层排列区(即埋深30～40mm的⑦层粉砂层)超高层桩基设置的可能性,以大大减少工程造价。     

Numerical simulation of the marine boundary layer characteristics over the Bay of Bengal as revealed by BOBMEX-98 Pilot experiment

An attempt has been made to study the marine boundary layer characteristics over Bay of Bengal using BOBMEX (Bay of Bengal and Monsoon Experiment) pilot experiment data sets, which was conducted between 23rd October and 12th November 1998 on board ORV Sagar Kanya. A one-dimensional multilevel atmospheric boundary layer with TKE-ε closure scheme is employed to study the marine boundary layer characteristics. In this study two synoptic situations are chosen: one represents an active convection case and the other a suppressed convection. In the present article the marine boundary layer characteristics such as temporal evolution of turbulent kinetic energy, height of the boundary layer and the airsea exchange processes such as sensible and latent heat fluxes, drag coefficient for momentum are simulated during both active and suppressed convection. Marine boundary layer height is estimated from the vertical profiles of potential temperature using the stability criterion. The model simulations are compared with the available observations.     

岩层厚度对碳酸盐岩构造裂缝面密度和分形分布的影响

岩层厚度对于碳酸盐岩构造裂缝的发育起到重要作用.新疆柯坪大湾沟、青松和蓬莱坝构造性质比较稳定,剖面的构造裂缝测量结果统计分析表明,碳酸盐岩构造裂缝面密度与层厚呈负相关关系,层厚越大,构造裂缝面密度越小,但裂缝规模较大;随着层厚减薄,构造裂缝面密度线性增大,但裂缝规模较小.碳酸盐岩构造裂缝具有良好的分形特征,统计结果显示...     

不同边界层参数化方案在暴雨数值模拟中的对比分析

本文利用非静力平衡的中尺度模式(MM5),通过对一次华南锋前暖区暴雨的数值模拟,比较了3种边界层参数化方案的作用。结果表明：从24小时累积降水的分布来看,MRF方案的预报与实况对比效果最好,其次是Blaekadar高分辨率PBL模式,最差是no PBI,方案。分析MRF方案的输出结果,发现对应每个时刻的累积雨团上空,925hPa都有较强的辐合辐散偶极子与之相配合,而在300hPa则有较强的辐散。不同边界层方案模拟的辐散场有一定的差别,导致了降水的不同预报效果。     

卫星数据和地面观测结合的珠三角地区颗粒物质量浓度统计估算方法

利用卫星观测的气溶胶光学厚度资料和模式模拟数据,与地面颗粒物观测资料结合,探讨近地面颗粒物质量浓度的估算方法。具体包括：利用区域气侯模式RAMS（Regional Atmospheric Modeling System）模拟的边界层高度对气溶胶光学厚度进行垂直订正,获得近地面颗粒物消光系数;利用模式模拟的相对湿度和颗粒物吸湿增长经验模型对消光系数进行湿度订正,获得近地面颗粒物干消光系数;并基于干消光系数与颗粒物质量浓度地面站点资料建立的统计关系估算获得每个像元的颗粒物质量浓度。利用地面站点观测的颗粒物浓度资料验证表明,基于卫星资料可以获得近地面颗粒物质量浓度,而且细颗粒物质量浓度具有更好的估算精度。     

前兆信息的系统结构及其在地震综合预报中的应用

本文讨论了地震前兆信息的系统结构．指出了系统结构在系统整体上获得信息增益的作用，并用层次分析法来确定系统结构矩阵。通过在滇西地区的实际应用，表明前兆信息的系统结构对地震综合预报具有一定意义。     

Wave run-up and overtopping on smooth and rough slopes of coastal structures

A series of hydraulic model tests has been carried out in a glass wave flume to investigate the influences of wave height, wave period, wave steepness, surf similarity parameter, roughness, layer thickness and porosity on wave run-up and overtopping of 1:2 sloped impermeable and permeable breakwaters fronted by a 1:10 gentle, smooth beach slope. The analysis of results involves the correlation between the overtopping energy transfer with the relative wall height and the relationship between wave run-up and overtopping rate. Further, measured wave run-up and overtopping rates are compared with the results given in the Shore Protection Manual (1984), Automated Coastal Engineering System (1992)and results of other investigators.     

Evaluation of density in layer compaction using SASW method

SASW test, which is non-intrusive and rapid in the field application, was used to evaluate the layer density in the roller compaction without performing the complicated inversion process. The concept of normalized shear wave velocity was introduced to minimize the effect of confinement in the density evaluation. SASW test was performed to determine the shear wave velocity of the layer, and the free–free resonant column (FF–RC) test was adopted to determine the correlation between the normalized shear wave velocity and density of the site, which is almost unique independent of confinement. Testing and data reduction procedures of both tests were briefly discussed and an evaluation procedure of the field density was proposed by effectively combining in-situ shear wave velocity determined by the SASW test with the correlation between the normalized shear wave velocity and the density determined by the FF–RC test. Finally, the feasibility of the proposed method was verified by performing a field case study at Hoengsung road construction site. Field densities determined by the proposed method matched well with those determined by sand cone tests, showing the potential of applying the proposed method in the field density evaluation.