Providing spatial statistical data analysis functionality for the GIS user: the SAGE project

Geographic representation has become more complex through time as researchers have added new concepts, leading to apparently endless proliferation and creating a need for simplification. We show that many of these concepts can be derived from a single foundation that we term the atomic form of geographic information. The familiar concepts of continuous fields and discrete objects can be derived under suitable rules applied to the properties and values of the atomic form. Fields and objects are further integrated through the concept of phase space, and in the form of field objects. A second atomic concept is introduced, termed the geo‐dipole, and shown to provide a foundation for object fields, metamaps, and the association classes of object‐oriented data modelling. Geographic dynamics are synthesized in a three‐dimensional space defined by static or dynamic object shape, the possibility of movement, and the possibility of dynamic internal structure. The atomic form also provides a tentative argument that discrete objects and continuous fields are the only possible bases for geographic representation.     

‘Digging-up’ Utopia? Space, practice and land use heritage

In this paper we explore history and heritage mobilised to do service for marginalized interests. We discuss how resources, such as, place, texts, artefacts and practice are drawn upon to forward particular political interests. Touching on recent work in non-representational theory we suggest that more attention be paid to the micro-politics of doing and link more formal action to that of ‘everyday’ practice. The examples used show how particular actors draw on history and heritage to advance their positions and how their performances reinforce claims based on alternative practices. The examples used illustrate how this involves the notion of ‘reclaiming’ historical action, historical texts and historical place. In particular how this relates to land and specifically in this paper the metaphor, representation and practice of ‘digging’.     

Are cladoceran fossils in lake sediment samples a biased reflection of the communities from which they are derived?

A study on the taphonomy of Cladocera was carried out in a small (9 ha), oligotrophic mountain loch, Loch Coire Fionnaraich (LCFR) in northwest Scotland. Four approaches were used. First, the fossil assemblage of Cladocera in the core-top sample taken from the deepest basin (14 m) of the loch were compared with the fossil assemblages of Cladocera in surface sediments along eight depth transects with samples taken at 2, 5, 8 and 11 m, respectively. The results of the deposition of remains of individual Cladocera and of the PCA ordination showed that littoral Cladocera were dominant in the 2 m-depth samples, while the planktonic Cladocera dominated the deeper water (8, 11 m and core-top) samples. Second, the fossil assemblages of Cladocera in the core-top sample were compared with the assemblages in a sediment trap sample. The core-top sample showed a better representation of the cladoceran taxa present in the loch than the trap sample, but rare taxa were missing in the core sample. Third, the fossil assemblages of Cladocera in the core sample were compared with the contemporary assemblages in the source samples derived from seasonal sampling across all habitats (macrophyte, sand, boulder) over 2 years. Only a small proportion of Cladocera in the source samples was represented by the fossil assemblages in the core sample. Finally, ‘integrated’ approach samples (spatial, trap, source and core together) were compared using PCA. The Cladocera in the core-top sample were closely related to the trap and surface sediment samples, but weakly related to the source samples. The overall results indicate that biases may occur whilst reconstructing the past environmental change based on the fossil assemblages of Cladocera in the core sample taken from the deepest basin of the lake.     

混合稀疏表示模型的超分辨率重建

超分辨率重建是当前卫星遥感数据空间分辨率提升的重要技术,但目前现有的超分辨率重建方法在处理具有复杂地物特征的影像时效果往往不佳。当遥感影像中包含有各种非均匀地物信息时,难以构建一种通用的模型来解决遥感影像的病态问题。基于此,本文结合图像稀疏表达与非凸高阶全变分理论,提出了一种混合稀疏表示模型的新型超分辨率重建方法 （MSR-SRR）。这种方法以遥感图像在多重变换域的稀疏性表达作为先验概率模型,通过正则化方法来完成超分辨率重构,不仅保留了超分重建结果影像的边缘信息,而且对影像中产生的“阶梯效应”进行了适当的平滑处理。该方法利用迭代重加权l1交替方向乘子方法进行求解,提高了算法的运行效率,改善了影像质量。为了证明所提出方法的有效性,MSR-SRR结果与非均匀插值、POCS和IBP等传统超分方法的重建结果进行了对比验证。结果表明,MSR-SRR方法的图像清晰度平均提升了31.74%,PSFs半峰宽度最大,高斯方差值达到1.8415,效果明显优于其他方法。为进一步评估MSR-SRR结果的实用性,本文以高分四号卫星（GF-4）影像作为样例,利用支持向量机（SVM）分类方法对超分重建前后的影像进行...     

含自相容源的可积系统

含自相容源的可积方程（SESCSs）是一类重要的非线性偏微分方程,研究其可积性和寻求其精确解都具有重要的数学意义,SESCSs描述的是不同孤波间的相互作用,又有重要的物理意义。这类方程也正丰富了Lax可积系统的内容。从可积意义上详细介绍了含自相容源的可积方程,与求解此类方程有关的构造含自相容源的可积方程的方法。给出Lax可积的概念,作为例子,给出了含自相容源的非等谱KdV方程族、含自相容源的非等谱AKNS方程族及其Lax表示。     

地图学新产品与人类空间认知能力变革

地图是人类空间认知能力的图形化表述,地图如实地记载了人类思维发展的历程。同时人类的空间认知能力也随着地图学新产品的深入开发与普及应用不断地发生着巨大的变革,这是一个相互促进、相辅相成的过程。本文将从四组关键词的角度:1)现实空间、思维空问、虚拟空间;2)抽象思维、形象思维、创造思维;3)空间、时间;4)显性知识、缄默知识(意会知识),详细探讨地图学新产品对人类空间认知能力的重要影响。     

Holland as other place and other time: alterity in projected tourist images of the Netherlands

Geographers show keen interest in projected images employed in tourism as these images both reflect the ideas of the image producers and influence tourists’ perceptions and (spatial) behaviour. This article focuses on intentional and unintentional projected images of the Netherlands. The former is especially selective: it relies on stereotypes and presents Holland. The unintentional projected image created in four travel guides is less stereotyped. While the focus is still on Holland, other areas of the country are presented as well. Both intentional and unintentional projected images rely on ’othering’ and ’alterity’ to make the Netherlands a unique destination and to offer the tourists a trip that is far from everyday life. However travel guides use ’alterity’ in different ways and at different levels of scale to create a regional geography of the Netherlands as well.

AKNS系统的2+1维一般化

讨论AKNS完全可积分系的一种2＋1维一般化。给出对应的Kdv方程及SineGordan方程的一种2＋1维一般化，导出其Hamilton形式。证明了经变量变换后，这类2＋1维完全可积分系可化为1＋1维已知可积分系。     

土质边坡支护工程中几种特殊情况的处理

因工程建设需要，常使某些复杂地层形成边坡。松散人工填土、砂卵石层、流砂层、淤泥层等和水害，是土质边坡支护的重点，处理不当，将导致边坡坍塌，酿成灾害性后果。土钉、锚杆是土质边坡支护工程中的有效方法，支护过程中先施工注浆土钉、后施工注浆锚杆；借用千斤顶压入钢管土钉、二次注浆等工艺措施，达到快速稳定边坡之目的。治理水害，应先查清水源，再根据具体情况分别采取堵、排、挡、滤、抽等方法，以达到永久性边坡治水的目的。支护工程中，应把握好设计、监测等环节，遇到特殊情况及时处理，避免灾难性事故发生。