康滇地轴元古代重大地质事件与拉拉IOCG矿床成矿响应

有关IOCG最新研究成果建议,将IOCG矿床限定于资源量大于1 Mt的大型/超大型矿床。对世界上已知的大型/超大型IOCG矿床的成矿背景和成矿作用进行分析对比,发现前寒纪大型/超大型IOCG矿床均位于前寒纪超大陆的边缘、形成于非造山期,与壳幔相互作用有关,与板底垫托、地幔柱等相关的重大地质事件关系密切。通过对康滇地轴元古代地质体岩石/矿物的同位素年龄数据分析研究,同时对拉拉IOCG矿床成矿特征及同位素测龄分析,认为扬子地台西缘康滇地轴存在早元古代早期(2 486～1 884 Ma BP)古陆壳,是Kenorland超大陆的一部分。在中元古代发育了康滇陆缘裂谷(1 725～1 466 Ma BP),与Columbia超大陆非造山期同时。新元古代的晋宁运动使该裂谷产物变质,及形成康定杂岩,成为康滇地轴的上层结晶基底(1 100～721 Ma BP)。其是Rodinia超大陆的拼贴与裂解事件的响应。拉拉矿床具有2期成矿作用。第一期火山喷发成矿期(1 712～1 680 Ma BP),是康滇裂谷事件的产物。第二期变质热液成矿期主成矿阶段(1 000～900Ma BP),是Rodinia超大陆的拼贴作用的响应。康滇地轴元代地层中具有形成IOCG矿床的巨大潜力。     

Influence of supercontinents on deep mantle flow

The assembly of supercontinents should impact mantle flow fields significantly, affecting the distribution of subduction, upwelling plumes, lower mantle chemical heterogeneities, and thus plausibly contributing to voluminous volcanism that is often associated with their breakup. Alternative explanations for this volcanism include insulation by the continent and thus elevated subcontinental mantle temperatures. Here we model the thermal and dynamic impact of supercontinents on Earth-like mobile-lid convecting systems. We confirm that insulating supercontinents (over 3000 km extent) can impact mantle temperatures, but show the scale of temperature anomaly is significantly less for systems with strongly temperature-dependent viscosities and mobile continents. Additionally, for continents over 8000 km, mantle temperatures are modulated by the development of small-scale convecting systems under the continent, which arise due to inefficient lateral convection of heat at these scales. We demonstrate a statistically robust association between rising plumes supercontinental interiors for a variety of continental configurations, driven largely by the tendency of subducting slabs to lock onto continental margins. The distribution of slabs also affects the spatial positioning of deep mantle thermochemical anomalies, which demonstrate stable configurations in either the sub-supercontinent or intraoceanic domains. We find externally forced rifting scenarios unable to generate significant melt rates, and thus the ultimate cause of supercontinent breakup related volcanism is probably related to dynamic continental rifting in response to mantle reconfiguration events.     

华北克拉通对前寒武纪超大陆旋回的基本制约

全球大陆克拉通在前寒武纪至少记录了3次超大陆聚合－裂解的构造旋回。不同大陆前寒武纪地质的研究证明，板块的构造模式可以前推至新太古代。超大陆的聚合表现为大规模造山带的穿时性发育，而裂解则表现为大陆裂谷系、非造山花岗岩及巨型基性岩浆岩省的同期快速发育。广泛的区域地质研究揭示华北克拉通前寒武纪地质构造演化具有明显的阶段性差异特征，克拉通主体形成于新太古代陆壳增生与碰撞造山过程。华北克拉通在太古宙末期首次经历强烈的裂解作用，在古元古代晚期涉及强烈的陆缘再造作用。在古元古代末期发生第二次大规模的裂解活动，随后以中元古代末期的造山带拼合为Rodinia超大陆的组成部分。详细的区域构造对比证明，华北克拉通长期以来与波罗的地质、东南极克拉通、印度南部克拉通、巴西克拉通等具有构造亲缘关系。     

Annual report of IGCP Project No.440 in 2003--Rodinia assembly and breakup

With the latest information on geology, isotop chronology, geochemistry and aerial geophysics, the structural enviroment, geological event characterists and evolution history of component units of Rodinia Supercontinent on a global scale are discussed. And some neo views and genetic pattern are provided. The East Eurppean Cratorn had a complex evolution history between 1.7 and 0.9 Ga. The arthors propose a new reconstruction of Laurentia acient land and Siberia at ca. 1 050～1 000 Ma. The largest litho-structural record ofthe Meso-Neoproterozoic orogenic collage in South America made up the western border of the South American Platform African Cratons are the result of convergence of Paleoproterozoic/Archaem Cratonic blocks. A part of Eastern Antarctica attached to southern Africa in Mesoproterozoic.Neoproterozoic felsic magmatic events in New India made the western border of Rodinia Pre-Grevoillian Laurentia was established as a major continental block by the end of the Paleoproterozoic. South China is geologically plausible to be between southern Laurentia and eastem Australia. Yangzi-Tarim connection or neighborhood is proposed. According to the abovementionded, the assembly and breakup paattern of Rodinia proposed by Pisarevsky is tested. It telles that primary break up is along the western border of Laurentia ancient land, which is similar to northem Atlantic. Another characteristic is that some continents are not considered as component parts of Rodinia, eg. India, Congo and San-Francisco.     

北山北带新元古代A型花岗岩: Rodinia超大陆裂解早期的地质响应

北山造山带位于中亚造山带南缘, 带内存在多个前寒武纪微陆块, 对这些前寒武纪微陆块的正确认识, 是造山带构造格架划分及构造演化过程研究的关键。本文选取北山北带明水地块小孤梁片麻状正长花岗岩进了岩石学、元素地球化学、锆石U-Pb年代学和Hf同位素分析研究。结果显示, 小孤梁片麻状正长花岗岩的LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年龄为784±2.7Ma, 揭示北山北带存在新元古代基底岩石; 全岩样品具有高SiO₂(72.22%~74.06%)、富碱(7.50%~8.33%)、高Zr+Y+Nb+Ce含量(567.6×10^-6~644.7×10^-6)和10000×Ga/Al值(2.71~2.81), 低Al₂O₃(12.39%~12.95%)、MgO(0.40%~0.54%)、CaO(0.91%~1.38%)的特征; 微量元素富集Rb、K、Th、U, 亏损Sr、Nb、Ta、P、Ti; 稀土元素总量较高, 轻稀土富集, 重稀土亏损, 具有明显的负Eu异常; 锆饱和温度计算小孤梁片麻状正长花岗岩的结晶温度为824~859℃; 以上这些岩石地球化学特征与A型花岗岩一致。锆石ε_Hf(t)值介于-19.55~-13.81之间, 均为负值, 单阶段模式年龄(t_DM1)为1.56~1.33Ga, 两阶段模式年龄(t_DM2)为2.02~1.65Ga, 表明其岩浆源区可能为古元古代地壳物质的部分熔融。构造环境判别显示其为A1型花岗岩, 属于大陆裂谷岩浆活动的产物。结合区域地质资料和前人研究成果, 认为小孤梁片麻状正长花岗岩可能是北山地区最早响应Rodinia超大陆裂解的花岗岩浆记录。

     

华北克拉通北部长城系底界年龄小于1670Ma:来自北京密云花岗斑岩岩脉锆石LA-MC-ICPMS U-Pb年龄的约束

近期在北京密云沙厂北东的大龙门村附近发现一条花岗斑岩岩脉,该岩脉侵入于新太古代密云群角闪斜长片麻岩当中,其顶部则与片麻岩一起被常州沟组含砾砂岩沉积不整合覆盖.对该岩脉采用LA-MC-ICPMS进行锆石U-Pb同位素年龄测定,获得了(1 673±10)Ma的侵位年龄.这表明华北北部的常州沟组底界(也即长城系的底界)年龄小...     

云南东川望厂组熔结凝灰岩锆石SHRIMP U Pb年龄及其意义

本文报道了云南东川地区望厂组中熔结凝灰岩锆石的SHRIMP U-Pb年龄。其中自形结构、环带清晰锆石的不一致曲线与谐和线上交点的207Pb/206Pb年龄分别为2317±13Ma(n=13,MSWD=3.3),13个点的加权平均年龄为2299±14Ma(n=13,MSWD=5.9),表明望厂组地层的沉积时代为古元古代早—中期。东川地区下四组地层与滇中昆阳群(黄草岭组—美党组)和四川会理群(淌塘组—天宝山组)的沉积时代相差近1.0Ga。为了区别于昆阳群和会理群,建议对本区下四组地层(洒海沟组、望厂组、菜园湾组、平顶山组)独立建群,即汤丹群。汤丹群是目前为止康滇地区已发现的最古老的地层建造之一,经历过古元古代中期的挤压过程(东川运动)和古元古代末期的拉张过程,可能是相对于扬子古陆核独立存在、并构成早—中元古宙Columbia超级大陆的一个小的古老陆块。     

http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S167498711100106X

Reconstruction of the Neoproterozoic supercoutinent Rodinia shows near neighbour positions of the South Indian Cratons and Western Australian Cratons.These cratonic areas are characterized by extensive...     

http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1674987113000820

The combined use of Hf,Nd and Sr isotopes is more useful in understanding the supercontinent cycle than the use of only Hf isotopic data from detrital zircons.Sr and Nd seawater isotopes,although not as precise as εNd and εHf distributions,also record input from ocean ridge systems.Unlike detrital zircons where sources cannot be precisely located because of crustal recycling,both the location and tectonic setting often can be constrained for whole-rock Nd isotopic data.Furthermore,primary zircon sources may not reside on the same continent as derivative detrital zircons due to supercontinent breakup and assembly.Common to all of the isotopic studies are geographic sampling biases reflecting outcrop distributions,river system sampling,or geologists,and these may be responsible for most of the decorrelation observed between isotopic systems.Distributions between 3.5 and 2 Ga based on εHf median values of four detrital zircon databases as well as our compiled εNd database are noisy but uniformly distributed in time,whereas data between 2 and 1 Ga data are more tightly clustered with smaller variations.Grouped age peaks suggest that both isotopic systems are sampling similar types of orogens.Only after 1 Ga and before 3.5 Ga do we see wide variations and significant disagreement between databases,which may partially reflect variations in both the number of sample locations and the number of samples per location.External and internal orogens show similar patterns in εNd and εHfwith age suggesting that both juvenile and reworked crustal components are produced in both types of orogens with similar proportions.However,both types of orogens clearly produce more juvenile isotopic signatures in retreating mode than in advancing mode.Many secular changes in εHf and εNd distributions correlate with the supercontinent cycle.Although supercontinent breakup is correlated with short-lived decreasing εHf and εNd （≤ 100 Myr） for most supercontinents,there is no isotopic evidence for the breakup of the Paleoproterozoic supercontinent Nuna.Assembly of supercontinents by extroversion is recorded by decreasing εNd in granitoids and metasediments and decreasing εHf in zircons,attesting to the role of crustal reworking in external orogens in advancing mode.As expected,seawater Sr isotopes increase and seawater Nd isotopes decrease during supercontinent assembly by extroversion.Pangea is the only supercontinent that has a clear isotopic record of introversion assembly,during which median εNd and εHf rise rapidly for ≤ 100 Myr.Although expected to increase,radiogenic seawater Sr decreases （and seawater Nd increases） during assembly of Pangea,a feature that may be caused by juvenile input into the oceans from new ocean ridges and external orogens in retreating mode.The fact that a probable onset of plate tectonics around 3 Ga is not recorded in isotopic distributions may be due the existence of widespread felsic crust formed prior to the onset of plate tectonics in a stagnant lid tectonic regime,as supported by Nd and Hf model ages.     

东昆仑夏日哈木矿区新元古代早期二长花岗岩锆石U-Pb年代学、地球化学及其构造意义

本文报道了东昆仑造山带中部夏日哈木矿区二长花岗岩体的锆石U-Pb年代学和全岩地球化学资料,以确定岩体的形成时代、岩石成因及其构造属性。夏日哈木矿区的二长花岗岩呈岩株状和脉状捕虏体出露于矿区中部。2件二长花岗岩样品中岩浆锆石LA-MC-ICP-MS U-Pb加权平均年龄分别为923.7±2.5 Ma(MSWD=0.27)和920.1±2.8 Ma(MSWD=0.18),属新元古代早期。岩石高硅(SiO_2=73.24%~73.83%)、富碱(Na_2O+K_2O=7.96%~9.79%)、贫钙(CaO=0.31%~1.13%)、贫镁(MgO=0.11%~0.21%),属于高钾钙碱性、过铝质系列花岗岩;稀土配分曲线呈现轻稀土元素相对富集的右倾分布特征,具明显的Eu负异常(δEu=0.30~0.45);原始地幔标准化微量元素蛛网图显示Sr、Ba、Nb、P、Eu和Ti的负异常。岩石学及地球化学特征表明其属于S型花岗岩。岩石具有较低的CaO/Na_2O比值(介于0.13~0.26之间,平均0.19),较高的Rb/Sr比值(介于1.27~12.45之间,平均7.61),显示出上部地壳源区的成分特征,可能由泥质岩石部分熔融形成。结合区域构造演化及构造判别,本文认为该区二长花岗岩形成于同碰撞的构造环境,岩石成因可能与加厚陆壳上部泥质岩石减压熔融并经历了斜长石等矿物的分离结晶作用有关,热源主要来自于陆壳加厚过程中K、Th、U等元素放射性蜕变产生的热量。综合分析认为,东昆中隆起带中部地区存在新元古代早期的岩浆活动,时间上对应于全球Rodinia超大陆的汇聚时间。