Cretaceous amber inclusions of Spain and Myanmar demonstrate early diversification and wide dispersal of Cephenniitae (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Scydmaeninae)

The taxonomic status of previously misplaced species of an ant-like stone beetle from Spanish amber (Albian) is clarified. Specimens of Kachinus magnificus (originally placed as incertae sedis within Scydmaenitae) were re-examined and their characters were found different from those of the type species of Kachinus from Myanmar amber. Consequently, Archeutheia gen. nov. is proposed to accommodate the Spanish species, resulting in Archeutheia magnifica comb. nov. Moreover, in a comprehensive phylogenetic analysis Archeutheia was placed as a sister group to extant Eutheia, within the tribe Eutheiini of Cephenniitae. A specimen of an undetermined genus from Myanmar amber clearly belonging in Cephenniini is also recorded. Both taxa represent the first definite Cretaceous Cephenniitae, a supertribe whose recent members are distributed on all continents but are especially diverse in the Oriental and East Palaearctic regions. This finding demonstrates a diversification of two presently most species-rich tribes of Cephenniitae already in Early Cretaceous. Archeutheia is strikingly similar to the extant species of Eutheia and Veraphis, showing male dimorphic characters (modified protrochanters) and antennal cavities characteristic of Palaearctic Eutheiini. This fact suggests a long morphological stability in the supertribe. A previously proposed hypothesis of an early presence of the Cephenniitae in the Northern Hemisphere is for the first time supported by the fossil record, and the palaeolocalities (western Europe and Southeast Asia) demonstrate a wide distribution of Cephenniitae in the Cretaceous and an early split of its ancestral lineage.     

新疆准噶尔地块东北部晚古生代古地磁研究及构造含义

新疆准噶尔二台地区晚古生代古极点位置与塔里木、哈萨克斯坦地块同时代极点位置无显著差别。实测古纬度更接近于用哈萨克斯坦极点计算得到的预期古纬度。因此,晚古生代准噶尔地块与哈萨克斯坦地块已是统一的整体。泥盆纪准噶尔地块内的准噶尔洋盆于晚石炭世闭合于乌伦古河一带。西伯利亚板块、塔里木、哈萨克斯坦地块等组成东部劳亚大陆的块体,尽管其运动演化有所差异,但都遵循了以西伯利亚板块为主体大致相同的总的运动演化过程,即晚古生代至中生代早期,由低纬度向高纬度的NW向运动和侏罗纪以来的SEE向运动     

IGCP440"罗迪尼亚超大陆汇聚与裂解"项目2003年度工作进展

借助于最新的地质、同位素年代学、地球化学和航空地球物理资料,对全球各地原属于罗迪尼亚大陆组成单元的构造环境、地质事件特征及其演化历史进行了探讨,并提出一些新见解和成因模式.认为东欧克拉通在1.7～0.9Ga有复杂的演化历史一个新的劳仑古陆和西伯利亚的重建发生在1 050～1 000Ma;中、新元古代南美洲造山拼贴的岩石构造历程构成南美陆台的西部边界非洲克拉通是古元古代/太古宙陆块汇聚收敛的结果;东南极的一部分在中元古时期附属于非洲南部;印度西北的新元古代长英质岩浆事件构成了罗迪尼亚大陆的西部边缘;前格林威尔时期的劳仑古陆已被确定为古元古代末期的一个主要大陆;在罗迪尼亚大陆中,华南可能位于劳仑古陆南部和澳大利亚东部之间;塔里木克拉通和扬子克拉通相连接或邻近.据此检验了关于Pisarevsky提出的罗迪尼亚超大陆汇聚和裂解的新模式.新模式提出初始裂解是沿着劳仑古陆的西部边缘,与大西洋北部相类似.同时认为一些大陆(印度、刚果/圣·弗朗西斯科)可能不是罗迪尼亚超大陆的组成部分.     

震旦纪地层黄铁矿硫同位素组成时－空变化特征及扬子地块与晚元古超大陆关系的论证

 扬子地区早震旦世时期沉积岩黄铁矿具有重的硫同位素组成,其δ¹⁴S值从早震旦世椿木组地层的24‰左右逐渐变得更正。在早震旦世扬子地区广泛沉积碳酸锰矿和黑色页岩的民乐组时期达到极正值+60‰,然后又降低至+16‰-+20‰。上述硫同位素组成的时-空变化特征支持了扬子地块属晚元古Rodinia超大陆的一个组成部分的假设。从晚震旦世早期陡山沱组底部开始,沉积岩中黄铁矿硫同位素的δ¹⁴SS出现负值,并继续降低至-27‰以下。早震旦世晚期-晚震旦世早期沉积岩中硫同位素组成特征反映了沉积盆地古海洋环境的剧烈变化,它与大约7亿年时Rodinia超大陆的解体以及扬子地块与其它大陆分离的地质推测相吻合。     

华南在Rodinia古陆中位置的讨论——扬子地块西缘变质-岩浆杂岩证据及其与Seychelles地块的对比

沿扬子地块西缘出露的一系列变质杂岩的构造性质及形成时代是分析华南地块大地构造属性的关键。这些杂岩均被初始为低角度的正断层所围限 ,具有变质核杂岩的构造性质 ,其剥露时间在177Ma左右。目前 ,对这一区域几个代表性杂岩体进行的系统的岩石学和地球化学分析表明 ,这是一套主体为与俯冲板块有关的岛弧型岩浆杂岩 ,其形成时代从 72 6～ 86 4Ma ,时间跨度在 10 0Ma以上。证明这些岩石的形成与地幔柱作用无关。上述结果与最近在Madagascar东北缘、Seychelles岛及印度的Malani的一条类似的变质岩浆杂岩带的地球化学与地质年代学研究结果完全吻合 ,这个构造带被解释为一条沿Mozambique洋东缘的巨大的向东俯冲的安第斯型俯冲 岩浆岛弧带。据此我们推测在Rodinia古大陆中 ,华南地块位于印度板块东北缘 ,其南东则可能与澳大利亚相接。     

华北克拉通中元古代裂解事件:以渣尔泰-白云鄂博-化德裂谷带岩浆与沉积作用研究为例

华北克拉通存在三个主要的中元古代裂谷带,从南到北分别为熊耳裂谷带、燕辽裂谷带以及渣尔泰-白云鄂博-化德裂谷带。其中熊耳群中火山岩的峰期年龄为1780~1750Ma,其上还有形成于被动大陆边缘的五佛山群、汝阳群以及官道口群。中北部的燕辽裂谷带包括长城系、蓟县系和青白口系,其中长城系团山子组和大红峪组火山岩的年龄分别为~1640Ma和1626~1622Ma,蓟县系高于庄组、雾迷山组和铁岭组凝灰岩的年龄分别为1560Ma、1485Ma和1437Ma,而下马岭组凝灰岩年龄为1366~1380Ma。北缘渣尔泰-白云鄂博-化德裂谷带中渣尔泰群书记沟组玄武岩年龄为1743Ma,阿古鲁沟组酸性火山岩年龄为~810Ma,白云鄂博群尖山组中基性火山岩年龄为1728Ma,化德群比鲁特组火山碎屑岩年龄为1515Ma。中元古代岩浆事件除了裂谷带中的火山作用外,还包括三期基性岩墙群(~1780Ma太行-吕梁岩墙群、~1730Ma密云岩墙群和~1620Ma泰山岩墙群)以及1.76Ga到1.65Ga非造山岩浆组合(斜长岩-环斑花岗岩体-A型花岗岩)。中元古代中期,华北克拉通北缘发育了基性岩席(墙)、A型花岗岩以及碳酸岩脉,双峰式岩浆作用说明华北北缘在中元古代中期经历了裂谷作用,与哥伦比亚超大陆的最终裂解有关,并且与白云鄂博巨型REE-Nb-Fe矿床的形成具有成因上的联系。华北克拉通北部两个裂谷带中的地层具有可以对比的层序以及时代,而中元古代中期辉绿岩墙、A型花岗岩以及碳酸岩脉可以与其它克拉通同时期的非造山岩浆作用对比,证明华北克拉通经历了哥伦比亚超大陆的最终裂解。古地磁数据已经证明在哥伦比亚超大陆时期Siberia、Laurentia、Baltica、Amazion以及华北克拉通是连接在一起的,而北缘中元古代中期大陆裂谷相关岩浆岩的发现也说明它是与另一个古大陆相连的。华北克拉通南缘熊耳火山岩的构造背景到底是大陆裂谷还是大陆边缘弧则关系着其是与另一个克拉通相连还是面向大海,这需要我们进一步深入研究。     

Annual report of IGCP Project No.440 in 2003 Rodinia assembly and breakup

With the latest information on geology, isotop chronology, geochemistry and aerial geophysics, the structural enviroment, geological event characterists and evolution history of component units of Rodinia Supercontinent on a global scale are discussed. And some neo views and genetic pattern are provided. The East Eurppean Craton had a complex evolution history between 1.7 and 0.9 Ga. The arthors propose a new reconstruction of Laurentia acient land and Siberia at ca. 1 050-1 000 Ma. The largest litho-structural record of the Meso-Neoproterozoic orogenic collage in South America made up the western border of the South American Platform African Cratons are the result of convergence of Paleoproterozoic/Archaem Cratonic blocks. A part of Eastern Antarctica attached to southern Africa in Mesoproterozoic.Neoproterozoic felsic magmatic events in New India made the western border of Rodinia Pre-Grevoillian Laurentia was established as a major continental block by the end of the Paleoproterozoic. South China is geologically plausible to be between southern Laurentia and eastern Australia. Yangzi-Tarim connection or neighborhood is proposed. According to the abovementionded, the assembly and breakup paattem of Rodinia proposed by Pisarevsky is tested. It telles that primary break up is along the western border of Laurentia ancient land, which is similar to northern Atlantic. Another characteristic is that some continents are not considered as component parts of Rodinia, eg. India, Congo and San-Francisco.     

滇中峨山地区中元古界昆阳群黑山头组火山岩锆石U-Pb年龄及其地质意义

滇中玉溪—昆阳一带广泛出露的中元古界昆阳群是一套与晋宁运动密切相关的浅变质火山-沉积岩系,其形成时代、沉积充填序列及大地构造属性一直存在争议。出露于峨山县美党地区的昆阳群黑山头组富良棚段发育有厚近百米的安山质熔结凝灰岩、晶屑凝灰岩、玄武岩及岩屑凝灰岩。对样品D0121-1及D0121-2进行同位素年代学研究,分别获得LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年龄加权平均值为1007±13Ma和1005±18Ma;同时,样品D0121-2中还获较多的2200±15Ma继承性锆石,推测滇中地区应存在古元古代的地质体。2件样品锆石的Th/U值均大于0.3,均具清晰的振荡环带结构,均为岩浆成因的锆石,表明黑山头组富良棚段形成于中元古代晚期,属于与造山作用相关的火山岩系,可能是罗迪尼亚超大陆事件在扬子陆块的响应,是全球格林维尔期造山过程的组成部分。     

Voyage of the Indian subcontinent since Pangea breakup and driving force of supercontinent cycles: Insights on dynamics from numerical modeling

Recent advances in three-dimensional numerical simulations of mantle convection have aided in approximately reproducing continental movement since the Pangea breakup at 200 Ma. These have also led to a better understanding of the thermal and mechanical coupling between mantle convection and surface plate motion and predictions of the configuration of the next supercontinent. The simulations of mantle convection from 200 Ma to the present reveals that the development of large-scale cold mantle downwellings in the North Tethys Ocean at the earlier stage of the Pangea breakup triggered the northward movement of the Indian subcontinent. The model of high temperature anomaly region beneath Pangea resulting from the thermal insulation effect support the breakup of Pangea in the real Earth time scale, as also suggested in previous geological and geodynamic models. However, considering the low radioactive heat generation rate of the depleted upper mantle, the high temperature anomaly region might have been generated by upwelling plumes with contribution of deep subducted TTG(tonalite-trondhjemite-granite) materials enriched in radiogenic elements. Integrating the numerical results of mantle convection from 200 Ma to the present, and from the present to the future, it is considered that the mantle drag force acting on the base of continents may be comparable to the slab pull force, which implies that convection in the shallower part of the mantle is strongly coupled with surface plate motion.