Genesis of the Xiuwenghala Gold Deposit in the Beishan Orogen,Northwest China: Evidence from Geology,Fluid Inclusion,and H–O–S–Pb Isotopes

The Xiuwenghala gold deposit is located in the Beishan Orogen of the southern Central Asian Orogenic Belt. The vein/lenticular gold orebodies are controlled by Northeast‐trending faults and are hosted mainly in the brecciated/altered tuff and rhyolite porphyry of the Lower Carboniferous Baishan Formation. Metallic minerals include mainly pyrite and minor chalcopyrite, arsenopyrite, galena, and sphalerite, whilst nonmetallic minerals include quartz, chalcedony, sericite, chlorite, and calcite. Hydrothermal alterations consist of silicic, sericite, chlorite, and carbonate. Alteration/mineralization processes comprise three stages: pre‐ore silicic alteration (Stage I), syn‐ore quartz‐chalcedony‐polymetallic sulfide mineralization (Stage II), and post‐ore quartz‐calcite veining (Stage III). Fluid inclusions (FIs) in quartz and calcite are dominated by L‐type with minor V‐type and lack any daughter mineral‐bearing or CO₂‐rich/‐bearing inclusions. From Stages I to III, the FIs homogenized at 240–260°C, 220–250°C, and 150–190°C, with corresponding salinities of 2.9–10.9, 3.2–11.1, and 2.9–11.9 wt.% NaCl eqv., respectively. The mineralization depth at Xiuwenghala is estimated to be relatively shallow (<1 km). FI results indicate that the ore‐forming fluids belong to a low to medium‐temperature, low‐salinity, and low‐density NaCl‐H₂O system. The values decrease from Stage I to III (3.7‰, 1.7–2.4‰, and ?1.7 to 0.9‰, respectively), and a similar trend is found for their values (?104 to ?90‰, ?126 to ?86‰, and ?130 to ?106‰, respectively). This indicates that the fluid source gradually evolved from magmatic to meteoric. δ³⁴S values of the hydrothermal pyrites (?3.0 to 0.0‰; avg. ?1.1‰) resemble those of typical magmatic/mantle‐derived sulfides. Pyrite Pb isotopic compositions (²⁰⁶Pb/²⁰⁴Pb = 18.409–18.767, ²⁰⁷Pb/²⁰⁴Pb = 15.600–15.715, ²⁰⁸Pb^/204Pb = 38.173–38.654) are similar to those of the (sub)volcanic ore host, indicating that the origin of ore‐forming material was mainly the upper crustal (sub)volcanic rocks. Integrating evidence from geology, FIs, and H–O–S–Pb isotopes, we suggest that Xiuwenghala is best classified as a low‐sulfidation epithermal gold deposit.     

黔东地区金矿床类型及其基本特征

本文对黔东地区金矿进行了矿床类型划分,并综述了各类型的基本特征。该区中-低温热液作用形成的金矿均属产于沉积岩建造中的金矿床,与岩浆岩在成因上没有直接联系。其中,天柱-锦屏-黎平地区、梵净山地区及从江地区金矿为变碎屑岩中脉型及蚀变岩型金矿床。三都-丹寨地区金矿为细碎屑岩-碳酸盐岩中微细浸染型金矿床,天柱-锦屏-黎平地区及梵净山地区的变碎屑岩中脉型金矿床（点）暴露表生环境后可形成冲积型砂金矿床。     

吉林海沟金矿矿山地质环境及其恢复治理方法

在对海沟金矿矿山地质环境调查基础上，针对矿区存在着的问题，提出了治理与防范措施，对同类矿山有借鉴作用。     

江西修水西部金矿成矿地质条件分析

通过对地层、岩浆岩、构造及化探异常与成矿关系的分析，认为江西修水西部地区具有寻找中一大型金矿床的潜力。     

老湾金矿床地球物理特征及找矿标志

老湾金矿是我国近年来探明的重要的大型构造蚀变岩型金矿床.金矿体(或矿脉群)、控矿构造、岩浆岩、赋矿地层、近矿热液蚀变带以及周围地质体之间存在某种物性差异,因而有明显的地球物理异常特征,构成了金矿床重要的地球物理找矿标志.作者试图在矿床地球物理特征研究的基础上,总结地球物理找矿标志,确定找矿勘查物探方法组合流程,以期配合、指导正在进行中的桐柏-大别山北坡金银成矿带的普查找矿工作.     

河南省西峡县高庄金矿床地质特征及找矿前景

朱阳关-夏关断裂是一条长大于400km,深达上地幔的超壳断裂,沿断裂出露有较多的燕山期花岗岩（脉）体及一系列Cu、Au、Ag、Pb、Zn异常,有色金属、贵金属成矿作用明显。高庄金矿床赋存在朱阳关-夏关断裂次级断裂带中,为海底火山喷流-岩浆-构造热液叠加改造形成的含金石英脉-蚀变构造岩型金矿。本文分析了高庄金矿床特征,找矿标志。提出了在朱阳关-夏关断裂带中寻找金多金属矿床潜力较大。随着深部地质找矿的进一步开展,本区可成为我国重要的金多金属矿产基地。     

从江翁浪金矿中的构造变形特征研究

从江翁浪金矿是一个受构造控制明显的金矿床,金矿主要富集在受顺层剪切控制的强变形带内。本文通过对翁浪金矿控矿构造中变形岩石的宏观和微观变形特征分析,得出研究区顺层剪切带的运动学特征为逆冲型剪切,控制金矿产出的强变形带以韧性变形为主的认识。     

店房火山角砾岩体西段金矿地质特征与成因

在近期的矿山接替资源找矿过程中,对店房金矿以西的角砾岩体西段勘查新圈定5条金矿体。金矿体的形态与产状严格受断裂构造控制,直接产于火山机构的环状、放射状构造和蚀变破碎带之中,矿石分为石英脉型和构造蚀变岩型,围岩蚀变以硅化和黄(褐)铁矿化为主,成矿作用分为2期4个阶段;稳定同位素和流体包裹体研究表明,成矿流体主要为幔源,并具低盐度和多源特点,以岩浆热液为主,成矿温度为中、低温,主成矿期为燕山晚期,店房角砾岩体西段金矿床属与火山构造有关的中、低温热液矿床。     

云南大坪金矿区煌斑岩的地球化学特征及成因探讨

大坪金矿区闪长岩体中发育多条煌斑岩脉,并且多伴随石英脉出现。在岩石化学组成上,SiO2含量为44.86%~54.10%、K2O/Na2O在0.56~2.09之间,属钾玄质系列;岩石富集大离子亲石元素(Sr、U、Rb和Ba)和轻稀土元素(LREE)、相对亏损高场强元素(Ta、Nb和Ti),且Ta、Nb和Ti具"TNT"负异常;δEu值为0.72~1.36,负Eu异常不明显;87Sr/86Sr值范围为0.706 6~0.707 4,均值0.707 1,高于原始地幔现代值0.704 5;143Nd/144Nd值范围为0.512 4~0.512 5,均值0.512 4,低于原始地幔现代值0.512 638;εNd值范围为-2.5~-4.2,均值-3.98。Nb/Ta比值为48.96~82.58(平均62.99),远高于原始地幔值的17.5±2.0;Zr/Hf比值为20.45~47.53(平均39.57),略高于原始地幔值的36.27±2.0;Nb/Ta和Zr/Hf都远大于陆壳值11和33。表明煌斑岩源区可能来自早期俯冲洋壳或造山带根部拆沉组分脱水形成富集流体在地幔源区发生交代作用形成的富集地幔,岩浆在上升侵位过程中受到地壳物质的混染较弱,形成于碰撞后的板内构造环境。     

辽宁丹东四道沟金矿床流体包裹体特征及矿床成因

四道沟金矿床为辽东南地区重要的蚀变岩型矿床,其空间产出受断裂构造、盖县组变质地层及区内岩浆活动的联合制约.流体包裹体研究表明:成矿早期流体为中温、低盐度且富含CO2及CH4等挥发分的热液;主成矿阶段成矿流体为中温、高盐度的热液体系;矿区晚期阶段矿化流体具有较低的温度及盐度特征.综合分析认为:四道沟金矿床早期成矿流体与区内燕山晚期三股流花岗闪长岩体活动有关;主成矿阶段流体可能来自其后的花岗斑岩等类脉岩活动;成矿晚期阶段流体则主要来自大气降水.四道沟金矿床是燕山晚期不同来源及性质的热液先后叠加成矿作用的产物.