北秦岭—北祁连(天水—宝鸡)间早生古代火山岩系及其构造连接关系的研究

依据新发现的生物化石和同位素数据,将分布在陕、甘边界一带的原“牛头河群”哑岩系分解为元古代陇山群、秦岭群和早古生代葫芦河群与丹凤群(西延部分)。葫芦河群为北祁连加里东褶皱带的东廷部分,除局部为晚期宝鸡花岗岩侵位间隔外,基本上可与北秦岭地区的古生代斜峪关群相连接,在研究区内与北秦岭地区的奥陶纪草滩沟群,呈以寒武系为核心、两翼为奥陶系火山岩的复式背斜构造。解体后秦岭群呈断续相连的古老岩块,向西可与祁连中间隆起相衔接,丹风群向西延展可伸入祁连造山带的陇西一带,初步认为陇山群与走廊过渡带内的古老隆起相当。据早古生代葫芦河群及其火山岩系的研究,笔者发现从秦安至宝鸡,有近100km的基性枕状熔岩带,并依其相伴产出的超镁铁质-镁铁质(似)堆晶岩、辉绿岩墙及硅质岩等岩石组合单元,认为属与北祁连和北秦岭北带相当的蛇绿岩带。西延的丹凤群亦主要为火山岩(包括枕状熔岩)与超镁铁岩等岩石单元组成的蛇绿岩带。据此提出,北秦岭与北祁连不但是相互连接的,而且具有中间为古老隆起(秦岭群)岩块、两侧为早古生代火山岩(蛇绿岩)带的相同构造格架组合型式,同为我国华北与扬子板块间的碰撞拼合带产物。早古生代火山岩岩石学研究表明,各岩群皆以拉斑质(TH)+钙碱质(CA)岩石系列组合为主,部分岩群的钙碱系列呈双峰岩套特征,显示为岛弧或岛弧初期与裂谷末期阶段活动构造背景。依区内已知超镁铁岩体多呈断裂构造及其旁支系统产生情况,提出为岛弧根部或上地幔物质,受南、北板块碰撞挤压,沿断裂上升就位机制所形成。此外,对区内已知与火山岩有关的块状硫化物型矿床的矿床类型、特征和成矿规律等进行了研讨,提出它们的岩控和时控特征和一些发现新矿床可能性的远景地段。     

东秦岭灰池子花岗岩基岩石地球化学特征及其成因

灰池子花岗岩基主要由黑云斜长混合花岗岩和二长混合花岗岩组成。前者是加里东期的交代花岗岩;后者是在海西晚期钾交代作用再次改造先期岩石形成的。因此是一个由多次交代作用形成的混合花岗岩岩基。本文从构造地球化学的某些观点讨论这种岩石形成过程中钾元素迁移机制。     

岩石的热惯量研究

本文阐述了热惯量的物理意义及其在地质遥感中的作用。在测得２３种岩石热物理性质的有关参数──热传导率、热容量和密度的基础上，计算并列表给出了岩石的热惯量值和热扩散系数等基础数据。文中分析讨论了沉积岩、变质岩和岩浆岩岩石的热惯量变化由高到低的初步规律。取得了碳酸盐岩和砂岩类等沉积岩和沉积浅变质岩的热惯量差异的结果，指出了它们的易区分性；也指出了中－酸性、碱性岩浆岩之间的热惯量值差异较小，不易区分。     

新疆菁布拉克基性超基性岩带的Sm－Nd同位素年龄

Ｓｍ－Ｎｄ矿物等时线定年结果表明，菁布拉克岩带基性超基性岩形成于３２０Ｍａ，其形成时代晚于早石炭世早期的火山活动，是塔里木板块与巩乃斯微板块碰撞晚期拉张构造环境的产物。     

Volcanic hazards in the surroundings of Pico de Orizaba,eastern Mexico

Volcanic hazards from Pico de Orizaba volcano are presented here tor the first time. Some 1.3 million people live within the hazard zone, which in the most severe case would encompass the Mexican Gulf coast, east of the volcano. Three major cities located in the eastern part of the hazard zone account for 800 000 of this population and about 200 000 people live within a 20 km radius of the volcano. Probability calculations are presented as an attempt to quantify the hazards in the surroundings of the volcano. Such quantification can be of use in planning for future land use within the hazard zones.A zone of about 10 km radius centred on the top crater is a high hazard zone for gravity-driven flows and fallout ejecta. For large volume eruptions, the radius could be extended to 120 km to the east and 60 km to the west. The asymmetrical distribution is related to the topography of the volcano. Hazards from Pyroclastic-fall deposits are principally to the west of the volcano, since easterly winds are dominant in the area lava-flow hazards are greatest within a 10 km radius from the summit crater. Pyroclastic flow hazards are high up to 20 km from the volcano summit.In the case of reactivation of the volcano, melting of a glacier covering the summit of Pico de Orizaba having a volume equivalent to some 45 × 10⁹ litres of water, would produce lahars which would descend the flanks of the volcano.     

冀北侏罗系上统火山岩中宇宙尘的发现及其地质意义

在冀北丰宁、沽源、赤城一带的上侏罗统火山岩中发现有不同形态的铁质及玻璃质微球粒。经电镜扫描及外貌结构构造的鉴定，显示有熔融、碰撞、逸气、旋纹、冷疑、收缩等特征；经电子探针及Ｘ射线粉晶衍射分析，认为是宇宙尘。对其进行研究不仅有重要的地质意义，而且有找矿意义。     

甚高频时岩石介电常数的测试方法和特性

本文讨论20-200MHz频率范围内平行板电容法测量岩石介电常数和电导率的方法,指出常用的静电场公式的局限性,给出较精确的似稳场动态公式,并讨论20-50MHz频率范围内的岩石介电特性。     

Geochemistry of bauxites of Belgaum (Karnataka) and Yercaud (Tamil Nadu) areas

The major chemical components of bauxite deposits of Belgaum (76° 24′E : 15° 54′N) and Yercaud (78° 14′E : 11° 48′N) areas have been determined. A chemical continuity between parent rocks (zone I) to bauxites (zone IV) via clay (zone II) and laterites (zone III) clearly indicates that bauxites have been derived byin situ weathering of the respective parent rocks.     

粤、桂、湘、黔及秦岭地区碳酸盐岩中某些层控铀矿床的沉积环境控制

含矿层的沉积环境及其物质表现是我国湘、桂、粤、黔及秦岭地区碳酸盐岩中某些层控铀矿床成矿控制的基本因素。矿化在剖面上处于含矿岩系的沉积环境中沉积物性质、海水能量条件、Eh、pH等因素随时间演化的变异界面附近;矿化在空间上位于含矿岩系的沉积环境中隆起带与洼陷带间的变异部位。矿化带的分布与沉积环境的上述变异带或过渡带一致。因此,这类矿床成矿的远景地区是属于一定地质时代的古陆边缘海盆与陆表海盆的过渡带,或弧间海盆与陆缘和滨外台地的过渡带。广阔的陆表海碳酸盐岩台地不利于这类矿床的形成。我国粤、桂、湘、黔诸省及秦岭地区的碳酸盐岩中均产有层控型铀矿床。过去在研究这些矿床的成矿条件时,常只把地层岩性看作被动的容矿空间或有利于矿液交代作用的场所。近年来,笔者在找矿实践中试用现代沉积和层控矿床理论对某些矿床进行了研究,认为矿床最终成矿虽均与一定的构造-热液作用有关,但矿床的成生分布又严格的受沉积环境的控制。沉积环境及其物质表现是控制成矿的基本因素。本文是阐述这种控制并讨论这种控制机理的一个初步尝试。限于水平,谬误难免,请惠赐教正。     

A study of the depth of weathering and its relationship to the mechanical properties of near-surface rocks in the Mojave Desert

Weathered granite extends 70 m deep at Hi Vista in the arid central Mojave Desert of southern California. The low strength of this granite is due to the alteration of biotite and chlorite montmorillonite. Deep weathering probably occurs in most granites, although we cannot rule out some anomalous mechanisms at Hi Vista. Geophysical instruments set in these slightly altered rocks are limited by the unstable behavior of the rocks. Thus, tectonic signals from instruments placed in shallow boreholes give vague results. Geophysical measurements of these weathered rocks resemble measurements of granitic rocks near major faults. The rheology of the rocks in which instruments are placed limits the useful sensitivity of the instruments.