Reworked marine pythonomorph (Reptilia,Squamata) remains in Late Pleistocene cave deposits in central Spain

Three sites at the Calvero de la Higuera complex (Camino Cave, Navalmaíllo Rock Shelter, and Buena Pinta Cave), near the village of Pinilla del Valle (Madrid, Spain), are known for their record of Neanderthals and other Late Pleistocene mammals. Occasionally, they also yield much more ancient reworked remains, which come from the Upper Cretaceous dolomites and carbonatic sandstones in which these caves and shelters are developed. These are mostly teeth of sharks and rays and vertebrae and teeth of bony fishes, but several reptile vertebrae and teeth have also been found. These reptile remains, which we describe here, likely belong to the pythonomorph incertae sedis Carentonosaurus cf. mineaui. This taxon is known from several outcrops in the southwest of France but is rare on the Iberian Peninsula; indeed, only a few remains possibly related to the genus have been found (in the Cabaña Formation, Asturias, Spain). The pythonomorph remains discussed here are the first fossils of marine reptiles from the Madrid region. Should the assignment to Carentonosaurus be confirmed, the teeth would provide novel data on the characteristics of this rather poorly known taxon, and might help clarify its phylogenetic relationship within Pythonomorpha.     

珠江三角洲中山横栏地区晚第四纪以来的沉积特征

中山横栏地区在珠江三角洲第四纪地层研究中具有代表性。本文通过对该地区第四纪Ⅳ01钻孔岩性、粒度及地球化学特征的综合研究,探讨珠江三角洲晚第四纪以来的沉积特征。结果表明,珠江三角洲晚第四纪沉积物自下而上包含三次沉积旋回:一次晚更新世海侵旋回和两次全新世的海侵旋回,其形成的下粗上细正向序列在进积型三角洲中具有一定的特殊性;在沉积学分析的基础上,结合粒度和微量元素B、Ba、Sr的指相特征,探讨珠江三角洲晚第四纪以来的海侵-海退旋回,揭示在中全新世中晚期(约5~2.5 ka BP)发生了海退过程,进一步印证中山横栏地区晚第四纪以来存在三次海侵事件的认识。     

江西大湖塘超大型钨矿初始岩浆流体出溶——来自似伟晶岩壳的记录

江西大湖塘地区是江南造山带中段九岭矿集区内近年查明的世界级超大型钨矿产地,白钨矿体主要呈细脉浸染状缓倾于中粗粒黑云母花岗闪长岩中。位于区内一矿带的成矿母岩顶部发育完好的似伟晶岩壳,壳层的组构特征明显,由母岩向含矿围岩,依次为似斑状黑云母花岗岩→长英质细晶岩→石英长石似伟晶岩→长石石英似伟晶岩→含白钨矿黑云母花岗闪长岩。壳内石英的阴极发光岩相学研究显示,石英巨晶、斑晶、基质和石英脉大多经历了早阶段主晶石英,中阶段扩散交代石英和晚阶段渗滤充填石英3个生长阶段。微量元素研究表明,早阶段石英的生长是一个流体加速沉淀的过程,中阶段和晚阶段流体对主晶石英均有叠加改造,其微量元素呈降低趋势。各类石英均表现为富碱金属元素、中高温（≥483℃）、低Li/Al（0.01~0.50,大多小于0.24）的地球化学特征,反映了成矿流体为岩浆水来源,石英的生长具有岩浆—热液过渡性质。综合研究表明,大湖塘一矿带似伟晶岩壳是初始含矿岩浆流体出溶的产物,其形成过程中动态的物理化学条件促进了成矿元素W由母岩向围岩搬运富集。     

内蒙古额济纳旗西部ZK0-1井二叠系烃源岩特征及其意义

银额盆地以古生界为目的层的钻井极少,获得的钻井岩心更是十分有限。对银额盆地西部路北凸起带ZK0-1井揭示的地层岩性组合特征进行分析,在此基础上对下二叠统暗色泥岩层段岩心系统地采集烃源岩样品,并进行有机质丰度、干酪根类型、有机质成熟度等地球化学特征分析。结果表明,银额盆地路北凸起带二叠系烃源岩厚度大(单层厚度大于43m),有机质丰度高(平均有机碳含量为3.1%),为以Ⅱ型干酪根为主、低成熟—成熟演化阶段的良好烃源岩。通过与二叠系地表剖面烃源岩地球化学特征对比,探讨了风化作用对烃源岩评价指标的影响。     

Modelling of anisotropic damage in brittle rocks under compression dominated stresses

A new model for describing induced anisotropic damage in brittle rocks is proposed. Although phenomenological, the model is based on physical grounds of micromechanical analysis. Induced damage is represented by a second rank tensor, which is related to the density and orientation of microcracks. Damage evolution is related to the propagation condition of microcracks. The onset of microcrack coalescence leading to softening behaviour is also considered. The effective elastic compliance of the damaged material is obtained from a specific form of Gibbs potential. Irreversible damage‐related strains due to residual opening of microcracks after unloading are also captured. All the model's parameters could be determined from conventional triaxial compression tests. The proposed model is applied to a typical brittle rock. Comparison between test data and numerical simulations shows an overall good agreement. The proposed model is able to describe the main features related to induced microcracks in brittle geomaterials. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

辽宁赛马碱性岩的年代学及碱性岩浆的形成

辽宁赛马碱性岩位于辽东半岛东部，是我国的一个典型碱性岩区，出露面积约２８０ｋｍ￣２，其岩性较单一，主要以正长岩和霞石正长岩为主，其主体形成于早三叠纪，碱性岩浆的活动一直延续到早侏罗纪。赛马碱性岩浆起源于地幔，由幔源岩浆的结晶分异伴随着壳层物质（下地壳）的混合而形成。二元混合计算表明，赛马碱性岩相当于５３％～６１％的亏损地幔加上３９％～４７％的下地壳物质组成的混合物，在成因上为壳、幔混合型，以幔源为主。赛马碱性岩的Ｕ，Ｔｈ，ＴＲＥＥ应来源于地幔分异。     

Preliminary study on the spore-pollen assemblages found in the Cenozoic sedimentary rocks in Grove Mountains, east Antarctica and its climatic implications

Glaciogene sedimentary rocks have been found in modem tills of the Grove Mountains, east Antarctica during the 1998 - 1999 Chinese National Antarctic Research Expedition （CHNARE）. Based on the lithilogic and sedimentary features, these sedimentary rocks are correlated with Cenozoic sedimentary strata of the Pagodroma Group in the neighboring Prince Charles Mountains and the Sorsdal Formation in VestFold Hills. Sedimentary clasts contain sparsely Late Tertiary spores and pollens, including ： Toroisporis （ Lygodiaceae）, Osmunda, Granulatisporites （ Pteridaceae？） , Polypodiaceae, Podocarpus , Araucariaceae, Artemisia , Rhus , Nothofagidites , Proteacidites （Proteaceae） , Quercus , Fraxinoipollenites （ Oleaceae ） , Oleoidearumpollenites（ Oleaceae ）, Operculumpollis, and Tricolpopollenites. Most of the pollen and spores contained in these samples originate from local sources according to the conditions of their preservations as well as correlations with the microfossil assemblages found in the neighboring areas. The majority of the pollen assemblages, as represented by Podocarpus and Nothofagus, belong to the Weddellian biogeocenose, however some exotic components from the old sedimentary basement rocks may have been included during erosion of the proximal ice sheet. If the source areas of glaciogenic sedimentary rocks that bear the pollen and spores are assumed to be local, or in the up glacier areas, the pollen assemblages in these samples might represent an inland flora during a warmer period of the ice-sheet evolutionary history. The finding of the Artemisia and Chenopodiaceae in the pollen assemblages implies that they may belong to late Tertiary （most probably Pliocene）. The absence of diatoms in the samples analyzed may indicate that there are no Cenozoic marine strata in the interior of the east Antarctica beyond the Grove Mountains. The significances of the finding of the Nothofagus in these pollen assemblages are discussed on the basis of current knowledge about the age, distribution and ecological conditions of this kind of fossils found in Sirius Group or other strata outcropped in Antarctica. As a preliminary conclusion, we think that the existence of the Cenozoic glaciogenenic rocks and their pollen assemblages present new evidence for a large scale glacial retreat history in Grove Mountains of east Antarctica, and thus support a dynamic East Antarctic Ice Sheet （EAIS）. This is consistent with the interpretations of Webb et al. （1984）.     

Fossil hyrax dung and evidence of Late Pleistocene and Holocene vegetation types in the Namib Desert

Pollen was derived from fossil dung of herbivorous hyraxes, deposited in a rock shelter on the highest mountain in Namibia, Dâures or Brandberg, situated on the Namib Desert margin. Radiocarbon dating ranging in age between modern times and 30 000 yr BP showed it represents the first empirical pollen evidence of continental palaeovegetation during the Late Pleistocene along the western escarpment of southern Africa. The initial results indicate Last Glacial Maximum vegetation differed totally from the current pattern as vegetation types were dominated by small Asteraceae shrubs, in contrast to those of the Holocene and modern times which show more succulents, grass and woody elements (arboreal pollen). The results suggest that Cape floral communities did not reach into the tropics along the western escarpment of Africa, despite such pollen types occurring in marine cores. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

鄂尔多斯盆地北部塔巴庙地区二叠系储层物性影响因素研究

鄂尔多斯盆地北部塔巴庙地区二叠系砂岩储层是主要的工业天然气产层之一。通过对砂岩储层样品的多项实验分析成果进行研究分析后认为,储层岩石颗粒的粒度、分选和成分是控制储层物性的主要因素;自生高岭石和自生石英起到改善储层物性的作用,而自生绿泥石和碳酸盐矿物则对储层物性有伤害作用。