苏南晚二叠世末期双峰次火山岩的发现和单颗粒锆石U－Pb年代学意义

苏南晚二叠世末期双峰次火山岩的发现和单颗粒锆石Ｕ－Ｐｂ年代学意义方中，李惠民，夏邦栋，楚雪君，刘寿和，王学锋（南京大学地球科学系，江苏南京，２１０００８；天津地质矿产研究所，天津，３００１７０）关键词晚二叠世，双峰火山岩，同生锆石，捕虏晶锆石，Ｕ－Ｐ...     

西准噶尔晚志留世、早泥盆世孢子和疑源类

新疆西准噶尔沙尔布尔提山晚志留世、早泥盆世孢子和疑源类包括孢子21属31种和变种,其中新种1个(Amicosporites xinjiangensis);疑源类11属14种。此外还有几丁虫3属3种。根据孢子在地层中分布规律和演化特征,自下而上可划出4个孢子带:1.Synorisporites dittonensis—Api-culiretusispora spicula(DS)带;2.Emphanisporites micrornatus—Streelispora newportensis(MN)带;3.Chelinospora cassicula—Perotriletes subitus(CS)带;4.Grandispora sp.—Apiculatasporites micro-conus(CM)带;上述孢子组合基本上可与中国华南、西南、西秦岭及有关国家、地区相同时代孢子带对比。根据孢子和疑源类材料,对西准噶尔志留—泥盆系界线、古地理和古生态进行了讨论。     

滇中地区晚三叠世的重力流沉积及其地质意义

上三叠统云南驿组一段下部是钙质浊积岩,上部为陆源碎屑浊积岩及少量火山碎屑浊积岩;二段的角砾状灰岩有坍塌和重力滑动两种成因,夹钙质浊积岩。罗家大山组一段由火山碎屑质的碎屑流、浊流和颗粒流沉积组成,夹基性熔岩。它们是滇中裂谷的记录,物源区在西边,构成中国西南部三叠纪古特提斯的一部分。     

辽西侏罗系鞘翅目辽西花蚤科的研究

采自辽宁省凌源县大新房子村西部晚侏罗世地层中的一种鞘翅目化石,标本保存完好,其分类位置属于花蚤总科,接近于花蚤科和先花蚤科。标本保存了一些原始特征,为此,建立一新科——辽西花蚤科。迄今为止,晚侏罗世和早白垩世的花蚤类化石极为鲜见,文内描述的Liaoximordella hongi及相同层位的化石组合,对辽西地区中生代地层的划分和晚侏罗世花蚤类的演化均具有重要的意义。     

Selective dissolution of late cretaceous and earliest tertiary calcareous nannofossils: Experimental evidence

The effects of carbonate dissolution on the taxonomic composition of ancient nannofossil assemblages were investigated by deploying them on a deep mooring at depths of 1039 m–5500 m for 117 days in the Sargasso Sea. The relative proportions of only a few taxa change significantly with increasing dissolution: Cruciplacolithus primus is by far the most susceptible and Micula staurophora by far the most resistant species. The average dissolution indices calculated for the deployed assemblages closely follow the gradients of other dissolution indicators in the North Atlantic.     

Deformation at the Easternmost Altyn Tagh Fault: Constraints on the Growth of the Northern Qinghai–Tibetan Plateau

How the Altyn Tagh fault(ATF) extends eastwards is one of the key questions in the study of the growth of the Qinghai–Tibetan Plateau. Detailed fieldwork at the easternmost part of the ATF shows that the ATF extends eastward and bypasses the Kuantan Mountain; it does not stop at the Kuantan Mountain, but connects with the northern Heishan fault in the east. The ATF does not enter the Alxa Block but extends eastward along the southern Alxa Block to the Jintanan Mountain. The Heishan fault is not a thrust fault but a sinistral strike-slip fault with a component of thrusting and is a part of the ATF. Further to the east, the Heishan fault may connect with the Jintananshan fault. A typical strike-slip duplex develops in the easternmost part of the ATF. The cut and deformed Quaternary sediments and displaced present gullies along the easternmost ATF indicate that it is an active fault. The local highest Mountain(i.e., the Kuantan Mountain) in the region forms in a restraining bend of the ATF due to the thrusting and uplifting. The northward growth of the Qinghai–Tibetan Plateau and the active deformation in South Mongolia are realized by sinistral strike-slipping on a series of NE–SW-trending faults and thrusting in restraining bends along the strike-slip faults with the northeastward motion of blocks between these faults.     

下扬子地区晚奥陶世凯迪期—早志留世鲁丹期岩相古地理及其油气地质意义

下扬子地区奥陶—志留纪之交岩相分异明显,发育了多种类型的岩石地层单位,其沉积岩的颜色、岩性、厚度、赋存化石组合等方面存在显著的差别。笔者通过对研究区内野外露头及钻井剖面的考察,总结前人研究成果,利用岩石学、古生物学、生态学及室内分析方法将其划分为滨岸相、孤立台地相、浅海陆棚相、陆棚坡折相、欠补偿盆地相和盆地浊积岩相6种沉积相类型。岩相古地理研究表明,晚奥陶世凯迪晚期,受加里东构造运动影响,华南板内碰撞挤压作用显著,"江南古陆"不断抬升和扩张,直接导致了旧的"台-坡-盆"格局的消失和新的古地理格局的形成,之前发育的自西北向东南方向水体变深的古地理格局彻底转变为北西、南西、南东三面被古陆包围,向东北方向水体加深的古地理格局。晚奥陶世赫南特期,由于南极冰盖凝聚导致的全球海平面下降和气候变冷,扬子地台海域变浅,致使海底盆地上升到最低含氧深度面之上处于充氧水层中,富氧环境代替了缺氧环境,岩相由五峰组黑色页岩转变为更浅水的观音桥层泥灰岩或新开岭层泥岩;江南沉积区长坞组—于潜组的复理石沉积组合转变为更浅水的的文昌组—堰口组近磨拉石沉积组合。早志留世鲁丹期,随着全球海平面重新上升,隆起面积继续扩大,构造围限作用加剧,黑色页岩重新出现。尤其是安徽南部的安庆—铜陵—巢湖一线,江苏中部的南京—句容一线五峰组—高家边组底部的黑色硅质页岩和炭质页岩,笔石带与中上扬子的五峰—龙马溪组具有很好的一致性,厚度均在40～60 m,TOC含量1.2%～4%,具很好的生烃潜力,应视为下一步烃源岩及页岩气勘探开发的重点研究区域。     

Transcurrent continental tectonics model for the Ossa-Morena Zone Neoproterozoic–Paleozoic evolution,SW Iberian Massif,Portugal

The Ossa-Morena Zone (SW Iberian Massif) was affected by continuous orogen-parallel transcurrent continental tectonics from the Neoproterozoic to the Carboniferous times, involving transtension (TT) and transpression (TP) processes that co-existed together, occurred separately in neighbouring regions by the means of strain partitioning or even worked diachronically. A first stage of transpression TP1 took place during the Late Neoproterozoic–Lower Cambrian as a result of Cadomian arc-continent collisional processes. Structures generated by transtension TT1 from Cambrian to Lower Devonian were related to strong lithosphere stretching responsible for the development of basins controlled by major detachments, tilting, rifting and important tectono–thermal diachronic processes. Denudation phenomena and inhibition of sedimentation related with thermal uplift (asthenosphere upwelling) and consequent subsidence caused by isostatic equilibrium, involving generalized transgressions, were processes responsible for major unconformities. The Variscan TP2-TT2 episodes that followed diachronically TP1-TT1, by maintaining the orogen-parallel transport direction, were concomitant with syntectonic deposition of continental basins in the OMZ and foreland basins in the SPZ. TT2 local transtension and tectonic exhumation of deep crustal rocks along major shear zones, favoured the opening of tectonic troughs filled up by sediments and volcanism. TP2 shortening have generated fold axes parallel to the orogen-strike and composite dissymmetric flower structures.