Late Devensian environments in the Vale of Mowbray, North Yorkshire, UK: evidence from palynology

Two radiocarbon-dated Lateglacial pollen diagrams from the Vale of Mowbray (northern Vale of York) are presented from sites in the lowlands between the washlands courses of the rivers Swale and Ure in North Yorkshire, an area with little previous palynological research despite its proximity to the Devensian glacial advance limits in eastern England. The profiles, from Snape Mires and Nosterfield, include the Loch Lomond Stadial (Younger Dryas) and the Holocene transition, while that from Snape Mires also includes the period from the early part of the Lateglacial Interstadial. This profile differs from most published Interstadial diagrams from the Yorkshire region in having a long-delayed expansion of tree and shrub taxa. Juniperus (juniper) remains important after vegetation development takes place and the pollen record includes evidence of two cold climate oscillations before the maximum development of Betula (birch) woodland near the end of the Lateglacial Interstadial. At both profiles Artemisia (mugwort) frequencies are lower during the Loch Lomond Stadial than at many regional sites, probably due to edaphic factors in these lowland locations. The two sites provide valuable environmental data that enable comparison between the more wooded Lateglacial vegetation to the south in the Vale of York and Humberside and the more open contemporaneous vegetation to the north in the Durham and Northumberland lowlands.     

The postglacial history of three Picea species in New England, USA

Given the difficulty of separating the three Picea species—P. glauca, P. mariana, and P. rubens (white, black, and red spruce)—in the pollen record, little is known about their unique histories in eastern North America following deglaciation. Here we report the first use of a classification tree analysis (CART) to distinguish pollen grains of these species. It was successfully applied to fossil pollen from eight sites in Maine and one in Massachusetts. We focused on the late glacial/early Holocene (14,000 to 8000 cal yr B.P.) and the late Holocene (1400 cal yr B.P. to present)—the two key periods since deglaciation when Picea has been abundant in the region. The result shows a shift from a Picea forest of P. glauca and P. mariana in the late glacial to a forest of P. rubens and P. mariana in the late Holocene. The small number of P. rubens grains identified from the late glacial/early Holocene samples (<5%) suggests that that species was either absent or rare at most of the sites. The occurrence and distribution of the three species do not reveal any geographic or temporal trend during late glacial time, but the data suggest that they were distributed in local patches on the landscape. The results of this study indicate that the recent population expansion of Picea (1000 to 500 cal yr B.P.) was likely the first time since deglaciation that P. rubens was abundant in the region.     

柴达木盆地碱山深钻的硼同位素地球化学特征

沉积物硼(B)同位素组成可以反映其地质成因及经历的地质过程,因此在许多领域的研究中都有较为广泛的应用。通过对位于柴达木盆地碱山背斜顶部的SG-1b钻孔沉积物(7.3～1.6 Ma)水溶组分的B同位素研究,发现钻孔沉积物B含量在38.55～172.3μg/g之间,平均含量为87.6μg/g;δ~(11)B值的变化范围在3.61‰～16.26‰之间,平均值为10.65‰,B含量与δ~(11)B值具有一定的正相关关系。进一步分析表明,受到碱山背斜构造隆升以及晚新生代以来气候干旱化的影响,柴西古湖逐渐咸化萎缩,沉积环境以及碳酸盐含量、粘土矿物含量及其矿物组合等也在发生变化,B含量和δ~(11)B值自钻孔底部向上的逐步增加以及后期的急剧增加,与水溶离子含量以及矿物和粒度等的变化一致,这说明柴达木盆地晚中新世以来湖泊沉积物的B含量和δ~(11)B值可以很好地反映研究区气候和湖水的演化过程,共同指示了研究区自7.3 Ma以来气候的持续干旱化和湖水盐度的逐步增加,以及3.3Ma以来干旱化和湖水浓缩过程的加剧。     

晚新生代海洋磷循环模拟

理论分析表明,海水磷浓度控制了海洋自生磷沉积和热液磷沉积通量,并以此调节长尺度海洋磷循环的动态平衡。运用质量平衡原理,研究恢复了控制晚新生代海洋磷循环的各种通量,并据此模拟出海水磷浓度的演化。海水磷浓度演化与碳同位素分馏记录的浮游光合生物生长速度的变化一致,揭示在长时间尺度上,浮游光合生物的生长受海水磷含量控制。1500万年以来,大陆风化磷通量急剧增加,致使海洋磷浓度和磷沉积通量增加。海洋磷浓度增加促进了海洋生物生产力,导致海洋大气中生物气溶胶浓度升高,最终通过气溶胶的直接和间接辐射效应驱动晚新生代全球变冷。     

广西象州崖脚晚泥盆世—晚石炭世巴平组的地质时代

本文通过重新测制剖面和补充采样,系统检查和研究了崖脚剖面晚泥盆世晚期—晚石炭世早期牙形石生物地层。通过对在17个牙形石样品中获得的丰富的牙形石材料鉴定,厘定了一些重要牙形石分类。在此基础上,根据牙形石垂向分布特征,确定了带化石的层位。崖脚剖面五指山组上部和巴平组划分出7个牙形石带:五指山组上部为Palmatolepis graciliss辔moidalis带;巴平组下段分别为Siphonodella duplicate带,S.crenulata带,S.isosticha带,Scaliognathus preaanchoralis带和S.anchoralis带下部;巴平组上段为S.anchoralis带上部和Declinognathodas noduliferus noduliferus亚带;巴平组的牙形石带特征显示巴平组的地质时代为晚泥盆世—晚石炭世早期。巴平组地质时代的确定为不同相区层序地层划分,特别是对早石炭世斜坡相区地层划分与对比提供了可靠的依据。     

内蒙古科尔沁右翼中旗晚古生代碎屑锆石定年及其意义

对科尔沁右翼中旗地区晚古生代地层进行碎屑锆石U-Pb定年研究。样品130909-01为凝灰质砂岩,130910-15为岩屑石英砂岩。碎屑锆石年龄可分为4组,由新到老依次为:252~278Ma、286~359Ma、381~462Ma和500Ma之前。碎屑锆石的最小年龄(256.5±1.7Ma)限定了地层沉积下限为晚二叠世。样品中出现大量残留锆石,记录了前寒武纪基底、早古生代岛弧岩浆岩和石炭纪—二叠纪岩浆活动事件。     

应用地层倾角测井资料研究古河流特征

鄂尔多斯盆地绥德-榆林地区石炭、二叠系砂岩体大多为点砂坝,通过本区仅有的3口井倾角测井资料的研究,提供了古河流特征参数。这些数据表明石盒子和山西期的河流类型为辫状河-曲流河;太原期为低弯度曲流河。砂体宽度300-900m,平均496m.经镇川堡气田试采验证,这种认识与客观实际相符。另外,本区地层倾角测井所得垂直于倾向的走向方向才是河流的古流向,为测井数据合理解释古流向提供了理论依据。     

新疆塔里木盆地哈拉奇地区晚石炭世一早二叠世哈拉奇组的建立

哈拉奇组为新疆阿合奇县开展1：5万区域地质矿产调查工作时建立的岩石地层单位,分布在新疆阿合奇县哈拉奇地区北部,主要为一套深水碳酸盐沉积,与该区南部属碳酸盐台地沉积的康克林组在岩性、岩石组合及古生物组合上形成明显的差别。通过对该组重力流成因的生物屑砾屑灰岩中古生物化石的研究,确定其筵带为Triticites带和Pseudoschwagerina带,进而确定该组地质时代为晚石炭世-早二叠世,与南区康克林组为同时异相沉积。哈拉奇组的建立完善了该地区上石炭统一下二叠统的地层系统,确定了该地区晚石炭世-早二叠世台地边缘斜坡相的存在,对塔西北地区晚石炭世-早二叠世岩相古地理研究具有重要意义。     

巴尔哲碱性花岗岩稀有稀土矿床地质特征及成因探讨

内蒙古巴尔哲碱性花岗岩稀有稀土特大型矿床是国内首次发现的一种新类型工业矿床,其规模居亚洲第三位.含矿岩体为燕山期碱性花岗岩,岩体普遍矿化,岩体即是矿体,矿石品位富,稀有稀土元素种类多,其共生伴生矿物多达44种,工业矿物以羟硅铍钇铈矿、烧绿石、铌铁矿、锌日光榴石为主.     

Response of littoral chironomid communities and organic matter to late glacial lake—level,vegetation and climate changes at Lago dell’Accesa (Tuscany,Italy)

This study focuses on the response of lacustrine littoral chironomid communities to late glacial changes in limnological, environmental and climate conditions in the Mediterranean context. Late glacial chironomid (Diptera: Chironomidae) assemblages, organic petrography and geochemistry were analysed in a sediment core from the littoral zone of Lago dell’Accesa (Tuscany, Italy), where the lake-level fluctuations and the vegetation history have been previously reconstructed. Comparison of the chironomid stratigraphy to other proxies (pollen assemblages, organic petrography and geochemistry, lake-level) and regional climate reconstruction suggested the predominant influence of lake-level changes on the littoral chironomid fauna. The main lowering events that occurred during the Oldest and the Younger Dryas were followed by higher proportions of taxa typical of littoral habitats. A complementary study of organic matter suggested the indirect impact of lake-level on the chironomids through changes in humic status and habitat characteristics, such as the type of substrate and aquatic macrophyte development. Several chironomid taxa, such as Glyptotendipes, Microtendipes and Cricotopus type patens, were identified as possible indicators of low lake-level in the late glacial records. Nevertheless, this study suggested that parallel analyses of organic matter and chironomid assemblages may be needed to circumvent misinterpretation of littoral chironomid assemblage stratigraphy. There was a weak response of the chironomid assemblages to small lake-level lowerings that corresponded to the Older Dryas and Preboreal oscillations. A higher level of determination, e.g. to the species group level, may be necessary to increase the sensibility of the indicators to lake-level changes.