大凌河河口地区中更新世晚期以来沉积环境演化

大凌河河口地区LZK06孔40m以浅岩心的沉积学、古生物学和年代学等综合研究以及该地区LZK02-04钻孔资料,揭示了研究区中更新世晚期以来经历了两次海侵-海退旋回,依次形成了中更新世晚期湖相/河流相→晚更新世海相-湖相/河流相→全新世海相-河流相地层。全新世早中期由于物源供给很少,研究区处于长达约10ka的饥饿滞留相沉积环境,平均沉积速率仅约0.02～0.05cm/a。全新世晚期约1500a cal BP以来,由于人类活动导致水土流失,河流输砂量增加,研究区开始了快速加积过程,平均沉积速率约0.9～1.2cm/a,下辽河平原被快速充填,开始成陆。与全球海面变化时空分布特征的对比,推断辽东湾的第II海相层发育于MIS 5-MIS 3早期,第I海相层发育于MIS 1阶段高海面时期。晚更新世以来频繁的海面升降是辽东湾泥质海岸带地层和环境演化的主要控制因素。     

Cenozoic Crustally-derived Carbonate-rich Magmatic Rocks in West Junggar,North Xinjiang,Western China: Geochronology,Geochemistry and Tectonic Implications

The carbonate-rich magmatic rocks of West Junggar are distributed in the Baijiantan and Darbut ophiolitic mélanges in the forms of extrusive rocks overlying the mélanges and dykes, either along the margins of the mélange or cross-cutting components of mélanges. Chilled margin and flow structures are present. A SHRIMP zircon U-Pb age of 39.7 ± 1.3 Ma indicates that these carbonate-rich rocks in West Junggar were formed during the Eocene. They have low concentrations in REEs, Th, U, Nb, Ta and are characterized by extremely low εN d(t), high(87 Sr/86 Sr)i ratios, relatively high δ18 OV-SMOW values and high δ13 CV-PDB values, which is similar with most sedimentary carbonates. Furthermore, no contemporaneous mantle-derived silicate rocks have yet been found in West Junggar. The carbonate-rich rocks in West Junggar are thus distinct from mantle-derived carbonatites and are interpreted to result from melting of the Carboniferous sedimentary carbonates at crustal levels, these rocks therefore being referred to as 'crustal carbonatites'. The Eocene crustal carbonatites in West Junggar and other Cenozoic magmatic rocks in North Xinjiang are generally situated along regional strike-slip faults or fault intersections. Therefore, we propose that the reactivation of the Darbut and Baijiantan crustal-scale strike-slip fault zones(ophiolitic mélanges), due to the far-field effects of the Indian-Eurasian collision, enables decompression melting of the underlying continental lithospheric mantle. These resulting melts ascended to the lower crust through the strike-slip faults, causing partial melting of the Carboniferous carbonaceous sediments. The crustal carbonatites in West Junggar provide a new piece of evidence for Cenozoic magmatism in North Xinjiang and are also significant for the investigation of tectono-magmatic relations in North Xinjiang and the Central Asian Orogenic Belt.     

Late Quaternary solifluction sheets in the British uplands

Solifluction sheets are large-scale and extensive valley-floor and valley-side landforms developed widely in the British Isles from mass-wasting of glacial and periglacial sediments during late-glacial times. We describe their geographical distribution and review the processes that have led to their development. We use data from the Cheviot Hills, the one site in the British Isles where sedimentology and optically stimulated luminescence dating have been combined, to assess their age and nature of deposition. We also present data from central Wales where a new mapping and resistivity survey has reconstructed the nature of valley-side solifluction sheets. We explore the relative lack of recent research on these landforms and argue that solifluction sheets represent a clear example of how upland geomorphological systems have responded to late-glacial climate change. We end by identifying a number of areas where research on these enigmatic features could be focussed, including better understanding of their distribution, sedimentology and age.     

The Požarevac loess–paleosol sequence: a record of increased aridity in the south-eastern margin of the Carpathian Basin during the last 350 ka

The loess sequence preserved in the Požarevac brickyard in north-eastern Serbia comprises eight loess units separated by seven paleosols. Geochronological investigation using amino acid racemization and luminescence dating support stratigraphic correlations of loess units L3, S2LL1 and L1 at the Požarevac section with loess of glacial cycles E [Marine Isotope Stage (MIS) 10], D (MIS 9–8), C (MIS 7–6) and B (MIS 5–2) across central Europe. Correlation with the marine oxygen-isotope stratigraphy and associated paleoclimatic inferences are further supported by magnetic susceptibility, particle size and carbonate content measured in Požarevac sediments. Malacological investigations at the Požarevac section reveal the continuous presence of the Chondrula tridens and Helicopsis striata faunal assemblages throughout the last 350 ka. The loess malacological fauna, which is characterized by the complete absence of cold-resistant and cold-preferring species, suggests a stable, dry and relatively warm glacial and interglacial climate, compared with other central European loess localities. Together these data suggest that the south-eastern part of the Carpathian (Pannonian, Middle Danube) Basin was a refugium for warm-preferring and xerophilous land-snails during the generally unfavorable glacial climates of the late Middle and Late Pleistocene.     

辽北吉中地区晚中生代植物群及侏罗——白垩系界线讨论

辽北吉中晚中生代地层发育,植物化石丰富,并赋存重要煤层。笔者在前人工作的基础上,着重分析了本区晚中生代植物群的性质及组合序列特征。辽北吉中晚中生代植物群与Ruffordia-Onychiopsis植物群相一致。由于辽北吉中在地理位置上的重要性,本区可能成为华北、西北的陆相中生代地层与黑龙江东部海相或海陆交互相地层对比的纽带。辽北吉中晚中生代植物群具有明显的晚侏罗-早白垩世色彩。本区Ruffordia-Onychiopsis植物群可以划分为早、中、晚三期组合,早期组合大体相当于晚侏罗世;中期组合为早白垩世早期;晚期组合可能相当于早白垩世中晚期。根据植物化石组合特征,笔者将辽北吉中侏罗—白垩系界线暂置于火石岭组与沙河子纽之间。     

Late Pleistocene deposits at Block Fen,Cambridgeshire, England

Organic sediments in a gravel quarry at Block Fen, Cambridgeshire, form a sheet dividing lower from upper gravels. Analyses of pollen, macroscopic plant remains and molluscs from these organic sediments are presented. They indicate the presence of temperate freshwater and slightly brackish fine floodplain sediments, which, on the basis of the palaeobotany, are correlated with the temperate Ipswichian Stage. The freshwater sediments, ascribed to Ipswichian substage IIb, occur at ca. ?3 m OD. Marine-influenced tidal sediments, ascribed to Ipswichian substage III, occur at ca. ?6 m OD. No evidence was found for the presence of more than one temperate stage in the sequence. The lower gravels are then correlated with the cold Wolstonian Stage and the upper gravels with the cold Devensian Stage. In contrast to the woodland environments indicated by the palaeobotany of the Ipswichian organic sediments, post-Ipswichian pollen diagrams and macroscopic plant remains in the upper suite of sands and gravels indicate open tree-less vegetation typical of the cold Devensian Stage. They also contain a typical cold-stage mollusc fauna. The sediments containing these floras and faunas are associated with thermal contraction cracks, indicating the presence of permafrost. The final sand and gravel aggradation in the Devensian forms the Block Fen Terrace, near 0 m OD. The evidence indicates that it is younger than the lacustrine sediments resulting from the blocking of the Fenland at the Wash by Late Devensian ice at ca. 18.5 ka BP. The sequence at Block Fen is related to nearby Ipswichian and Devensian sediments at Chatteris, March, Wimblington and Mepal, and to deposits at Wretton on the east margin of Fenland. The correlation permits an outline reconstruction of the history of the valley carrying the River Great Ouse between the Isle of Ely and the Chatteris and March ‘islands’ from the time of a gravel aggradation before the Ipswichian to the Flandrian. The reconstruction shows the time and level of the Ipswichian marine incursion into the Middle Level of Fenland and the extent of aggradation and erosion in the Devensian.     

河南临汝安沟地区前嵩山群变质作用

河南临汝安沟地区前嵩山群变质矿物、变质矿物组合以及变质温压条件研究表明,前嵩山群分属不同的变质建造,其中安沟群属中压相系绿片岩相变质作用,登封群头道河组为中压相系角闪岩相。同时,两套地层变质作用之间缺少钠长—绿帘角闪岩相,这一变质作用的间断,从一个侧面反映了地层的间断。     

鄂尔多斯盆地东北缘晚古生代陆表海含煤岩系层序地层研究

通过区域不整合面、沉积体系转换面、构造应力场转换面和水上暴露面等层序界面的识别,对研究区进行层序地层划分,指出鄂尔多斯盆地东北缘晚古生代陆表海含煤岩系发育7个三级层序。在此基础上,认为陆表海层序仍然具有“三元”结构,由低位体系域、海侵体系域和高位体系域组成。在盆地北部发育的多期河道砂岩具有低位体系域的下切谷充填特点——面状充填,如晋祠砂岩、桥头砂岩以及北岔沟砂岩等。煤层在层序格架中的定位与海平面变化的转换时期有关,主要发育在陆表海环境的海侵体系域下部以及陆相环境的高位体系域上部。     

柴达木盆地新生代沉积转移及其动力学意义

新生代柴达木盆地的坳陷、沉积作用和周缘山体隆升存在着很好的耦合关系,沉积中心位置、沉积范围大小及沉积中心的平面形态有规律的变化,反映出新生代柴达木盆地承受过来自北缘祁连山方向、西北缘阿尔金山方向以及南缘昆仑山方向三组挤压应力的作用,其中来自阿尔金山方向的应力一直在持续发挥作用;来自盆地南北缘的应力也始终发挥重要作用,同时经历了一个由北东向(古近纪早—中期)→北北东向(古近纪末期—中新世早期)→近南北向(中新世中期—上新世中期)→北东向(上新世晚期)的转向过程。在此基础上建立了柴达木盆地新生代发展演化模式,提出柴达木盆地新生代经历了由北向南挤压—旋转、由南西向北东挤压—旋转以及由向北挤压—旋转的动力学演化过程。     

Paleontological characteristics of the Upper Cenozoic sediments and environmental changes in the Peter the Great Bay area (Sea of Japan)

Paleontological assemblages from Cenozoic sediments of the continental slope in the Peter the Great Bay (Sea of Japan) are characterized. Paleontological remains are represented by diverse and abundant siliceous microfossils (diatoms, silicoflagellates, radiolarians) and palynological complexes. The use of high-resolution biostratigraphic zonations made it possible to specify the age of sediments and reconstruct environmental changes during the last 17 Ma. The history of paleontological studies in this area of the Sea of Japan, which is of key importance for development of methods for marine geological works, is reviewed.