Exposure age chronology of the last glaciation in the eastern Pyrenees

We present a chronology of ice recession in the eastern Pyrenees based on in situ-produced ¹⁰Be data obtained from the Têt paleoglacier complex. The sampling strategy is based on the relative chronology provided by a detailed geomorphological map of glacial landforms. Results indicate that the last maximum ice advance occurred late (i.e., during Marine Isotope Stage 2) compared to the chronology currently established for the rest of the Pyrenees. Despite debatable evidence for a glacial readvance during the Oldest Dryas stade, ice-cap melt-out was rapid, residual cirque glaciers having disappeared by the Allerød interstade. This is consistent both with North Atlantic excursions established by the Greenland ice cores and paleoenvironmental data for the region. The rapid response of the east-Pyrenean ice cap to temperature variations is primarily linked to its small size compared to larger Pyrenean ice fields, to the dry Mediterranean climate, and to topography-related nonlinearities in which a small vertical rise in equilibrium line altitude generates a large change in ice mass. Possible sources of age uncertainty are discussed in the context of sampling design for single-nuclide (¹⁰Be) dating of landform sequences in formerly glaciated landscapes.     

南海北部约17cal.ka以来地磁场长期变记录

近些年来地磁场长期变（PSV）研究取得了长足进展,不但为探索地球内部动力学过程提供了不可多得的材料,也为千年至万年时间尺度沉积地层的精细对比和定年提供了强有力的工具。但是在众多的资料当中,末次盛冰期至全新世早期这一段时期内可靠的高分辨率古地磁场记录相对较少。本文以南海北部钻孔ZSQD2沉积物为研究对象,重建古地磁场方向和相对强度的变化,补充该时期内地磁场变化的记录。浮游有孔虫的AMS 14C定年结果表明约190cm钻孔沉积物年龄在约4~17cal.ka之间,岩石磁学和环境磁学实验证明沉积物中主要控磁矿物为软磁组分,如磁铁矿类矿物,沉积物中磁性矿物的浓度、粒度和类型的变化较为单一,适合进行古地磁方向,尤其是相对强度的研究。该段时期内,地磁场的倾角和偏角均存在多次峰、谷变化,其中在约12.4~13.4cal.ka之间发生明显的地磁场异常,指示了“哥德堡地磁漂移（Gothenburg Excursion）”的存在,持续时间大约1ka。在该漂移发生之前,地磁场强度先开始衰减,相对强度的低值发生在约13.2~15.0cal.ka之间,早于古地磁场方向异常约1.6ka。     

末次冰盛期黑潮变化的数值模拟

黑潮是北太平洋西部边界流, 能够携带西太平洋暖池热量向北输送, 影响中国海的水文循环及全球气候。本研究利用高分辨率区域海洋模式(ROMS), 模拟了现代及末次冰盛期(LGM)黑潮流量和流轴的三维结构。气候态分析再现了现代黑潮的流量, 在PCM-1阵列、PN测线和吐噶喇海峡的流量分别是23.8 Sv、28.0 Sv和28.2 Sv, 与观测结果接近。LGM模拟中以上3个断面流量分别为34.5 Sv、34.4 Sv和34.9 Sv, 流量明显增加。垂直结构显示末次冰盛期(LGM)时期黑潮主轴仍位于冲绳海槽内, 深度范围也比现代大。LGM时期黑潮进入冲绳海槽前受到海槛阻挡, 部分黑潮流向发生偏转, 使得琉球海流加强。LGM时期黑潮加强主要受副热带环流圈信风加强和风应力旋度减小造成的Sverdrup输送加强控制。黑潮上游北赤道流加强, 导致向北输送流量增加。研究结果可以帮助认识黑潮在全球水循环的重要作用。

     

LATE‐GLACIAL GLACIER EVENTS IN SOUTHERNMOST SOUTH AMERICA: A BLEND OF ‘NORTHERN’ AND 'SOUTHERN’ HEMISPHERIC CLIMATIC SIGNALS?

ABSTRACT. This paper examines new geomorphological, chronological and modelling data on glacier fluctuations in southernmost South America in latitudes 46–55°S during the last glacial–interglacial transition. Establishing leads and lags between the northern and southern hemispheres and between southern mid‐latitudes and Antarctica is key to an appreciation of the mechanisms and resilience of global climate. This is particularly important in the southern hemisphere where there is a paucity of empirical data. The overall structure of the last glacial cycle in Patagonia has a northern hemisphere signal. Glaciers reached or approached their Last Glacial Maxima on two or more occasions at 25–23 ka (calendar) and there was a third less extensive advance at 17.5 ka. Deglaciation occurred in two steps at 17.5 ka and at 11.4 ka. This structure is the same as that recognized in the northern hemisphere and taking place in spite of glacier advances occurring at a time of high southern hemisphere summer insolation and deglaciation at a time of decreasing summer insolation. The implication is that at orbital time scales the‘northern’ signal dominates any southern hemisphere signal. During deglaciation, at a millennial scale, the glacier fluctuations mirror an antiphase 'southern’ climatic signal as revealed in Antarctic ice cores. There is a glacier advance coincident with the Antarctic Cold Reversal at 15.3–12.2 ka. Furthermore, deglaciation begins in the middle of the Younger Dryas. The implication is that, during the last glacial–interglacial transition, southernmost South America was under the influence of sea surface temperatures, sea ice and southern westerlies responding to conditions in the 'southern’ Antarctic domain. Such asynchrony may reflect a situation whereby, during deglaciation, the world is more sensitized to fluctuations in the oceanic thermohaline circulation, perhaps related to the bipolar seesaw, than at orbital timescales.     

南昌市厚田剖面末次冰期沉积的色度特征及其古环境意义

色度是古环境重建的重要指标之一,常用于黄土高原黄土古气候重建,但其在亚热带湿润区第四纪沉积中的研究十分少见且意义不明。选取鄱阳湖南岸之厚田沙地的沉积剖面为研究对象,进行了色度测试,结合光释光测年结果,将色度参数与其他气候代用指标进行对比,探讨MIS4—MIS2期间的古气候变化特征。结果表明：各色度参数曲线在剖面垂直方向上产生了较大波动,呈现出干冷→暖湿→干冷的多个冷暖震荡。其中L*值曲线的波峰段主要集中在沙丘砂层（HT6、HT4、HT1）,指示MIS4阶段、MIS3b阶段和MIS2晚期阶段为干燥寒冷的气候环境,冬季风增强;a*、b*、C*和h*值曲线的波峰段主要集中在砂质古土壤层（HT5、HT3、HT2）,指示MIS3c阶段、MIS3a阶段和MIS2早期阶段为温暖湿润的气候环境,夏季风增强,反映了该区域在末次冰期受冬季风和夏季风交替影响的气候演变格局。     

末次冰期间冰阶(40～22kaBP)内蒙古黄旗海古降水量研究

末次冰期间冰阶(40～22kaBP),黄旗海最高古湖面稳定在1310～1318m之间,比现代湖面约高50m,湖泊面积达到450～515km2(平均为466km2),是现代湖面101km2(1950～1961年平均值)的4.4～5.1倍,湖泊补给系数7.8～9.1。利用逐次逼近法寻找古流域的现代气候相似区域,从而确定相关参数定量重建古降水量;在此基础上,附加另外两个过程,检验了重建结果的可靠性。重建结果认为:40～22kaBP古湖面稳定存在时,黄旗海流域的古降水量可达479～497mm/a,比现在年平均值(353mm/a)高约126～144mm/a。     

南海北部陆坡GHE24L柱样沉积物磁性特征及其环境意义

对取自南海北部陆坡神狐海域的近6m长的GHE24L柱状样沉积物磁性特征的详细研究,探讨了其磁性特征的纵向变化与沉积环境演变的关系。研究结果表明,该柱状样沉积物中的磁性矿物没有明显受到后期还原成岩作用的影响。沉积物中的磁性矿物主要是假单畴磁铁矿,其含量和粒度的变化记录了过去20ka 以来的环境演化,尤其是对末次盛冰期以来的几个重要气候事件如Heinrich 1事件、Bφlling-Allerφd暖期、新仙女木事件等有很好的响应。研究结果可为重建南海区域环境演化提供依据,也可为探究东亚海陆气候变迁的耦合联系提供约束。     

南京葫芦洞石笋生长速率及其气候意义讨论

一支连续发育4?000年纹层的末次盛冰期葫芦洞石笋的年际生长速率与高分辨率δ¹⁸O曲线对比分析表明,年际生长速率在不同时间尺度上对年均温和地表有效湿度的变化有着复杂的响应关系。对该洞内持续发育3~4万年的两支单体石笋实测了33个²³⁰Th年龄,其生长曲线显示MIS 2比MIS 3阶段平均生长速率增大了40%以上。以5000年为步长的同一洞穴17支石笋生长频率支持平均生长速率的研究结果,说明在轨道尺度上较大的石笋生长速率并不完全指示较暖湿的气候条件。作者认为,年际尺度的连续生长速率是决定石笋平均生长速率的关键因素。盛冰期条件下本区洞穴内外的温差效应导致了24~14ka B.P.年际尺度的石笋连续生长。     

末次冰消期以来民勤盆地沉积地层记录及年代学研究

石羊河流域位于西北干旱区河西走廊东段,是西北干旱区与东部季风区的交汇过渡地带。流域下游的民勤盆地分布有大量保存完整的湖相沉积地层和湖岸地貌,这些沉积地层和地貌景观在整个西北干旱、半干旱地区极具代表性,是进行古气候环境研究的理想场所。鉴于此,选取民勤盆地的青土湖剖面、西渠剖面、沙坑井剖面、九坨墚剖面作为研究对象,通过剖面地层对比及可靠14C测年,探讨了区域末次冰消期以来的气候变化的几个大的阶段。主要结论和认识如下:13000aBP前和9500—6700aBP两个阶段,区域沉积地层以风成砂、河流砂沉积为主,气候环境表现为干旱;13000—9500aBP和6700—1100aBP两个阶段,区域沉积地层表现为湖相沉积的粉砂沉积为主,气候环境表现为湿润;1100—0aBP风成砂等的沉积阶段,气候环境表现为干旱。     

末次盛冰期以来南海北部神狐海域沉积有机质的组成特征及其古气候/环境意义

通过对两根沉积柱GHE27L和GHE24L的总有机碳（TOC）、总氮（TN）、C/N比值及稳定碳同位素（δ13C_org）的分析,本文探讨了21.1 ka BP以来南海北部陆坡神狐海域沉积有机质的组成特征及可能的古气候/环境信息。沉积柱GHE27L的TOC含量、TN含量、C/N比值及δ13C_org值分别为0.53%~1.81%,0.07%~0.18%,8.2~16.0和-23.6‰~-20.3‰。沉积柱GHE24L各参数则分布为0.45%~1.65%,0.09%~0.24%,5.3~12.2和-22.6‰~-20.4‰。沉积柱总体有机质的剖面变化显示,末次盛冰期以来南海北部沉积有机质具有海洋和陆地混合来源,但以海洋有机质来源为主。冰期陆源有机质对总有机质的相对贡献比全新世高。末次盛冰期南海北部气候相对干旱,C₄植被发育。全新世夏季风增强、降雨增多。自2.0 ka BP以来,人类活动对南海北部海洋初级生产力产生一定的影响。