兰坪盆地西缘沉积岩容矿脉状Cu-Ag-Pb-Zn多金属矿床成矿时代

兰坪盆地是中国著名的三江构造-成矿带的重要组成部分。兰坪盆地西缘发育大量沉积岩容矿脉状Cu-Ag-Pb-Zn多 金属矿床,矿体的分布受一个逆冲推覆构造控制。逆冲推覆构造的根部带主要发育脉状Cu-Ag（Mo） 矿床（包括金满 Cu-Ag、连城Cu-Mo及一系列脉状Cu矿床）;前锋带主要发育Pb-Zn-Ag（±Cu） 矿床（包括白秧坪Pb-Zn-Ag-Cu多金属矿 集区及一系列小型的Pb-Zn矿床)。为了探讨兰坪盆地西缘脉状Cu-Ag-Pb-Zn多金属矿床成矿时代,该文在系统总结前人年 代学数据的基础上,补充进行了金满Cu矿床与黄铜矿密切共生的方解石的Sm-Nd法和连城Cu-Mo矿床成矿早阶段辉钼矿 的Re-Os法测年。金满Cu矿床方解石Sm-Nd等时线年龄为58±5 Ma,连城Cu-Mo矿床Re-Os年龄为48±2 Ma,结合前人的资 料表明：（1） 根部带Cu矿床主成矿时代为56~48 Ma,对应于印度-亚洲大陆碰撞造山主碰撞阶段,后期（47~35 Ma） 很可 能存在一期Cu-Ag（Mo） 的叠加或改造成矿作用;（2） 前锋带Pb-Zn-Ag（±Cu） 多金属矿床的成矿作用主要发生在31~29 Ma 左右,对应于印度-亚洲大陆碰撞造山的晚碰撞构造转换期。     

Geochemical Constraints on the Origin and Evolution of Spring Waters in the Changdu‐Lanping‐Simao Basin,Southwestern China

Chemical and isotopic data were measured for 51 leached brine springs in the Changdu-Lanping-Simao Basin (CD-LP-SM), China. The predominance of Cl and Na, saturation indices of carbonate minerals, and Na/Cl and Ca/SO4 ratios of ~1 suggest that halite, sulphate, and carbonate are the solute sources. Integration of geochemical, δ18O, and δD values suggests that springs are mainly derived from meteoric water, ice-snow melt, and water-rock interactions. B concentrations range from 0.18 to 11.9 mg/L, with δ11B values of ?4.37‰ to +32.39‰, indicating a terrestrial source. The δ11B-B relationships suggest B sources of crustal origin (marine carbonates with minor crust-derived volcanics); we did not identify a marine or deep mantle origin. The δ11B values of saline springs (+4.61‰ to +32.39‰) exceed those of hot (?4.37‰ to +4.53‰) and cold (?3.47‰ to +14.84‰) springs; this has contributed to strong water-rock interactions and strong saturation of dissolved carbonates. Conversely, the global geothermal δ11B-Cl/B relationship suggests mixing of marine and non-marine sources. The δ11B-Cl/B relationships of the CD-LP-SM are similar to those of the Tibet geothermal belt and the Nangqen Basin, indicating the same B origin. These differ from thermal waters controlled by magmatic fluids and seawater, suggesting that B in CD-LP-SM springs has a crustal origin.     

Genesis of the Jinding Zn-Pb deposit,northwest Yunnan Province,China: Constraints from rare earth elements and noble gas isotopes

The giant sediment-hosted Jinding zinc-lead deposit is located in the Lanping Basin, northwestern Yunnan Province, China. The genesis of the deposit has long been debated and the sources of the ore-forming fluids and metals are controversial. This study presents rare earth element (REE) and noble gas isotope data that constrain the origins of the ore fluids and the heat source driving the hydrothermal circulation. The early-stage sulfides are enriched in light REEs and have high ∑REE values (30.8–94.8 ppm) and weakly negative Eu (δEu 0.85–0.89) and Ce anomalies (δCe 0.84–0.95), suggesting that the fluids were likely derived from dissolution of Upper Triassic marine carbonates with input of REEs from aluminosilicate rocks in the basin. In contrast, the late-stage sulfides have irregular REE patterns, generally low ∑REE values (0.24–10.8 ppm) and positive Eu (δEu 1.22–10.9) and weakly negative Ce anomalies (δCe 0.53–0.90), which suggest that the ore-forming fluids interacted with evaporite minerals. The ³He/⁴He (0.01–0.04 R_a) and ⁴⁰Ar/³⁶Ar values (301–340) of the ore-forming fluids indicate crustal and atmospheric origins for these noble gases. These findings are in agreement with the published fluid inclusion microthermometry data and the results of H, O, C, S, Pb and Sr isotope studies. Our data, in combination with published results, support a two-stage hydrothermal mineralization model, involving early-stage basinal brines and late-stage meteoric water that acquired metals and heat from crustal sources.     

Geology,Fluid Inclusions,and Isotopic Geochemistry of the Jinman Sediment‐Hosted Copper Deposit in the Lanping Basin,China

The Jinman Cu polymetallic deposit is located within Middle Jurassic sandstone and slate units in the Lanping Basin of southwestern China. The Cu mineralization occurs mainly as sulfide‐bearing quartz–carbonate veins in faults and fractures, controlled by a Cenozoic thrust–nappe system. A detailed study of fluid inclusions from the Jinman deposit distinguishes three types of fluid inclusions in syn‐ore quartz and post‐ore calcite: aqueous water (type A), CO₂–H₂O (type B), and CO₂‐dominated (type C) fluid inclusions. The homogenization temperatures of CO₂–H₂O inclusions vary from 208°C to 329°C, with corresponding salinities from 0.6 to 4.6 wt.% NaCl equivalent. The homogenization temperatures of the aqueous fluid inclusions mainly range from 164°C to 249°C, with salinities from 7.2 to 20.2 wt.% NaCl equivalent. These characteristics of fluid inclusions are significantly different from those of basinal mineralization systems, but similar to those of orogenic or magmatic mineralization systems. The H and O isotope compositions suggest that the ore‐forming fluid is predominantly derived from magmatic water, with the participation of basinal brine. The δ³⁴S values are widely variable between ?9.7 ‰ and 9.7 ‰, with a mode distribution around zero, which may be interpreted by the variation in physico‐chemical conditions or by compositional variation of the sources. The mixing of a deeply sourced CO₂‐rich fluid with basinal brine was the key mechanism responsible for the mineralization of the Jinman deposit.     

滇西兰坪盆地白垩纪-早第三纪古地磁结果及其地质意义

通过对滇西兰坪盆地白垩系地层的古地磁采样和室内退磁研究,揭示出一组高温特征分量,９５％正倒转检验和９９％置信度下的正褶皱检验,说明这组高温分量很可能代表岩石形成时的原生剩磁．对比国际标准地磁极性年表,发现南新组与阿尔比期、赛诺曼期和土仑期相当,而虎头寺组则相当于晚白垩世的三冬期和康尼阿克期．与中国东部的白垩纪古地磁数据比较．进一步证实了晚白垩世华南与印度支那地块存在明显的纬度差,这一事实说明了印度支那地块在印度板块与欧亚板块的碰撞及进一步挤压下,印度支那地块在早第三纪沿红河大断裂走滑千余公里,并伴随着１５　－２０　的顺时针旋转．     

云南金顶铅锌矿床成矿流体与流体的稀土元素研究

金顶铅锌矿床流体包裹体的显微测温和流体的稀土元素特征表明:金顶矿区成矿流体均一温度为54℃～309℃,平均143℃,盐度(ω(NaCl),下文同)为1.6%～18.0%,平均6.0%.在矿区,由东向西、由北向南温度逐渐降低,而盐度从东向西稍有降低,但是从北向南却是增加的.从第一矿化阶段到第三矿化阶段,稀土总量和LREE/HREE都是逐步增加的,轻稀土富集程度逐步增强,并且轻、重稀土内部分异程度也由轻稀土分馏程度大于重稀土分馏程度变为重稀土分馏程度大于轻稀土分馏程度,并且流体有从还原环境向氧化环境转变的趋势.     

内蒙古盐湖与台湾湖泊沉积物之古气候记录

通过对位于干旱－半干旱区的内蒙古盐湖中沉积物提供的环境和气候条件之相关讯息，能解读出最近２３ｋａＢ．Ｐ．以来详细的气候变化：据今２０～２３ｋａＢ．Ｐ．期间，气候呈温干特征；之后，气候变冷进入末次冰期的极盛期。在１４．５～２０ｋａＢ．Ｐ．期间，降水量大幅度减小，夏季风萎缩，而冬季风更加强劲。自１４．５ｋａＢ．Ｐ．开始，全球进入冰消期。约在１１ｋａＢ．Ｐ．左右，出现异常降温的新仙女木（ＹｏｕｎｇｅｒＤｒｙａｓ）突变事件。自２．３ｋａＢ．Ｐ．以来，夏季风乃处于衰退减弱之趋势，其中仍有明显的气候波动。台湾的撤退池和嘉明湖沉积物，则记录着最近数千年来的气候变动，其中的冷暖变化竟也大多与内蒙古盐湖的记录相对应。似能说明２０～２３ｋａＢ．Ｐ．以来较大范围的气候变化。     

滇西兰坪盆地构造体制和成矿背景分析

大规模成矿作用的地质构造背景是国内外矿床学界普遍关注的重大问题。文章从盆地整体着眼，从盆地构造－沉积－岩浆－变质作用过程着手，通过盆地内地质、地球物理和遥感等事实分析了滇西兰坪盆地的构造体制和成矿背景。兰坪盆地在古特提斯构造基础上发展起来，近南北向盆缘超岩石圈断裂和盆中央穿壳断裂及近东西向隐伏构造共同控制了盆地的动力过程，中－新生代经历了印支期裂谷、燕山期拗陷及喜马拉雅期走滑拉分的性质演变。受印度板块与欧亚板块碰撞制约，板内构造体制下的深大断裂和岩浆活动、幔流上涌、地层中不整合及壳幔相互作用等所体现的大陆地壳强烈运动是兰坪盆地的成矿基本地质背景。推测兰坪盆地具有大规模有效沟通地幔的盆地动力学体制。     

云南兰坪县利五巴铜矿床地质特征

利五巴铜矿位于三江成矿带反"S"型大地构造中段金沙江构造带与兰坪盆地结合部位,位于古—中元古界雪龙山变质岩第二组和第三组的石榴二云石英片岩、黑云石英片岩、碱长片麻岩破碎带中。通过对矿区地层、构造及矿床地质特征分析,结合前人三江地区研究成果及成矿理论认为,该铜矿床为热水喷流沉积型铜矿床,成矿地质条件有利,具良好的找矿前景。     

金顶铅锌矿床流体包裹体地球化学特征

金顶超大型铅锌矿床主要工业矿体形成于热卤水成矿期。本文通过对流体包裹体的温度、压力、盐度、密度、成分、氢氧同位素及流体性质等地球化学研究表明，金顶矿床具有浅成中－低温、中－低盐度矿化的特点，成矿流体源于沉积盆地热卤水和古大气降水的混合，部分源于深部，从热卤水矿化的早期到晚期，随着古大气降水的加入，流体的Ｔ，ｐ，Ｓ，δ＾１８Ｏ，δＤ，ｆｏ２，ｆｃｏ２，ｆｓ２均具降低趋势，而ＰＨ，Ｅｈ值略有增大。