宜溧地区花岗岩类岩石谱系单位的划分

宜溧地区中生代侵入体经地面调查和对比分析,依据花岗岩类岩石谱系单位划分原则,可划分为2个超单元(序列)、7个单元以及1个独立侵入体和2类脉岩.戴埠序列岩石化学特征为钙碱质,平桥序列为弱碱质,反映两个序列岩浆有着明显的差异,组合变异图进一步表明两序列的岩浆演化机理不同,是不连续和彼此独立存在.戴埠序列为轻稀土富集型,平桥序列属于重稀土富集型,应归属A型花岗岩系列.     

REVIEWS OF GEOGRAPHIC SOFTWARE

Geographic Software Reviewed in this article: LIFE TABLES and the LESLIE MATRIX. CONDUIT MENTMAP2 . Lawrence W. Carstensen Jr . PC-MATLAB , Version 1.0. The Math Works, Inc. QUICKMAP , version 1.0. Sammamish Data Systems, Inc. SYSTAT: THE SYSTEM FOR STATISTICS , Version 2.1, Systat Inc. USA DISPLAY . Instant Tecall     

SOFTWARE REVIEWS

Software Reviews are in this Article CCS Designer Version 3.0. CoStat Version 3.03; CoPlot Version 1.03, and CoDraw Version 1.03. LASERCAD Version 5.0. 1988. SPSS/PC + Studentware. 1988. SURVEY SYSTEM 1.1C , Version 3.0. THEMAPS Version 1.0.     

SOFTWARE REVIEWS

THE BENCHMARK SYSTEM , Version 5.6. Get-A-Ref , Version 4.2. MapInfo , Version 3.0. OSU MAP-for-the-PC , OSU MAP-for-the-PC, Version 3.0. Duane F. Marble, Jay Sandhu, and others Spatial Regression Analysis on the PC , Version 1.0. Daniel A. Griffith     

Post-emplacement tilting of lava flows inferred from magnetic fabric study: the example of Oligocene lavas in the Jeanne d’Arc Peninsula (Kerguelen Islands)

Statistical analysis of the magnetic fabric of samples from several successive lava flows emplaced under similar conditions can allow determination of the mean flow direction when magnetic fabric data from individual flows do not lead to reliable results. A difference between the obtained flow direction and the present dip direction indicates that the flows were tilted after emplacement. For 2 successive series of flows on the Jeanne d’Arc Peninsula presently NNW dipping, this method shows lava emplacement along a SSW–NNE direction. This indicates a gentle tilting acquired during a period of weak deformation in the whole archipelago. Additionally, the magnetic fabric data allow the reconstruction of the different conditions of emplacement of these two series of lava flows and of formation of the local thick conglomerate interbedded between these series.     

适于Kirchhoff叠前深度偏移的地震走时李代数积分算法

本文基于拟微分算子理论和李代数积分法,根据程函方程和波场坐标变换,提出一种新的适于横向变速介质Kirchhoff叠前深度偏移的地震波走时算法.该算法与Kirchhoff叠前时间偏移所用李代数时间积分表达相比,差异在于增加了波数一次项,且二次项的系数在求积时亦需进行修正.针对单平方根算子象征、李代数积分、指数映射和走时多项式的求解而言,皆需对以往Kirchhoff叠前时间偏移中所用算法进行深化调整.文中数值算例对比了本文李代数积分表达与时间积分的区别,本算法计算结果与线性横向变速介质中的理论值相当吻合.通过走时多项式中各项对结果的影响分析,可知非对称项使计算精度得到了进一步提高.数值试验表明,本算法对横向变速介质中走时求取是可行的,且不需要存储海量走时表,有利于提高Kirchhof叠前深度偏移的精度和效率.     

基于临近相似性考虑的犯罪热点密度图预测准确性比较——以DP半岛街头抢劫犯罪为例

在无时空考虑的密度估计算法基础上,分别加入了案件点之间的时间临近相似性、空间临近相似性和时空临近相似性的考虑,利用DP半岛2006~2007年的街头抢劫犯罪数据为基础计算无时空临近相似性、时间临近相似性、空间临近相似性和时空临近相似性4种不同算法所得到的犯罪热点图,并以之预测2008年的街头抢劫。通过Natural breaks（Jenks）分级方法和等比例面积选取两种方式来划定热点区域进行预测并进行PAI指数得分比较,结果表明时空临近相似性的密度估计算方法在犯罪预测的优势比较显著。     

Object-based class modelling for multi-scale riparian forest habitat mapping

Object-based class modelling allows for mapping complex, hierarchical habitat systems. The riparian zone, including forests, represents such a complex ecosystem. Forests within riparian zones are biologically high productive and characterized by a rich biodiversity; thus considered of high community interest with an imperative to be protected and regularly monitored. Satellite earth observation (EO) provides tools for capturing the current state of forest habitats such as forest composition including intermixture of non-native tree species. Here we present a semi-automated object based image analysis (OBIA) approach for the mapping of riparian forests by applying class modelling of habitats based on the European Nature Information System (EUNIS) habitat classifications and the European Habitats Directive (HabDir) Annex 1. A very high resolution (VHR) WorldView-2 satellite image provided the required spatial and spectral details for a multi-scale image segmentation and rule-base composition to generate a six-level hierarchical representation of riparian forest habitats. Thereby habitats were hierarchically represented within an image object hierarchy as forest stands, stands of homogenous tree species and single trees represented by sunlit tree crowns. 522 EUNIS level 3 (EUNIS-3) habitat patches with a mean patch size (MPS) of 12,349.64 m² were modelled from 938 forest stand patches (MPS = 6868.20 m²) and 43,742 tree stand patches (MPS = 140.79 m²). The delineation quality of the modelled EUNIS-3 habitats (focal level) was quantitatively assessed to an expert-based visual interpretation showing a mean deviation of 11.71%.     

Residual strength of slip zones of large landslides in the Three Gorges area, China

Slip zones of the large landslides in the Three Gorges area are commonly composed of fine-grained soils with substantial amount of coarse-grained particles, particularly gravel-sized particles. In this study, residual strength of the soils from slip zones of these landslides were examined in relation to their index properties based on a survey of 170 landslides. It was found that laboratory-determined residual friction angle using gravel-free fraction of the disturbed soils from the slip zones was closely related to clay content, liquid limit and plasticity index. On the other hand, in-situ residual friction angle of these soils (i.e. including gravel fraction) showed very weak correlations with clay content and Atterberg limits, but was largely dependent on gravel and fines (clays + silts) contents, increasing with gravels and decreasing with fines, and displayed strong linear correlation with the ratio of gravel to fines contents. These observations indicate that among the index properties, clay content and Atterberg limits can be used to estimate residual strength of the soils finer than 2 mm, but they are not appropriate evaluate the residual strength of the soils containing considerable amount of gravel-sized particles. For the latter, particle size distribution (particularly the ratio of gravel to fines contents) appears to be a useful index. Additionally, it was found that there was no identifiable correlation between relative abundance of individual major clay minerals and residual friction angles of both gravel-free fraction of disturbed and in-situ soils, suggesting that influence of clay minerals on residual strength of these soils can not be simply evaluated based on their abundance.     

“天绘一号”卫星在轨性能评估

“天绘一号”卫星是中国新一代传输型摄影测量卫星, 由航天东方红卫星有限公司基于CAST2000小卫星平台研制。01星于2010年8月发射成功, 02星于2012年5月发射成功。经过在轨测试, 两颗卫星性能指标均达到设计要求。本文介绍了“天绘一号”卫星在轨性能测试的结果, 为该卫星后续业务化应用提供宝贵数据。