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61.
Gated communities of the Moscow green belt: newly segregated landscapes and the suburban Russian environment 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
The transition from the Soviet to the post-Soviet period in and near Moscow manifested itself in increasing production of
segregated space both in the urban core and suburban areas outside of the beltway to accommodate the preferences of the new
Russian business and governmental elite. This paper focuses on the residential single-family housing inside old and new settlements,
which are frequently gated. Approximately 260 of such suburban communities have been developed within 30 km of the beltway
during the past few years, of which a majority have some form of exclusion mechanism in place, typically tall solid fences,
gates, closed-circuit video surveillance and guarded entry checkpoints. The difference in exclusivity varies from the most
exclusive older communities inside Moscow Serebryany Bor enclave and Rublevskoe highway mansions to less exclusive new developments
along Novorizkhskoe and Dmitrovskoe highways. Despite high rates of construction, based on sociological surveys in 2003, only
about 11% of Russia’s upper class claimed to live in such new “cottages,” with the rest owning condos and luxury apartments
in the inner city or older detached homes in villages and small towns. Therefore, not all the needs have been accommodated
and more development is certain to take place. The environmental impact of such developments is profound. Based on preliminary
LANDSAT image analysis, almost 22% of suburban “green belt” forested land within 30 km zone has been converted to new construction
from 1991 to 2001. New construction is now focusing on the remaining fragments of natural vegetation, which will likely lower
air quality and water quality available for the city. Ironically, the new developments advertise themselves as “clean and
green” with massive investments in unnatural landscaping (seeded lawns, exotic shrubs, river and lake shore “improvements”).
This investment highlights the well-known paradox of development in which people move out of town to live near nature, while
destroying the wild nature they come to enjoy.
“We left city for the weekend
It was raining, saw no stars
There were fences everywhere
Our chiefs behind the bars.”
Gennady Shpalikov 相似文献
62.
关于国土资源数据共享分类的思考 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
数据共享分类是制定数据共享政策和数据资源开发利用规划的一项基础性工作。本文 提出国土资源数据共享分类的意义、原则和方法,探讨建立以数据共享分类为核心的 国土资源数据分类体系,以期为全面开展国土资源数据共享分类提供参考。 相似文献
63.
本文简要介绍了存储区域网(SAN)的概念、结构及特点,对SAN与DAS、NAS存 储模式在性能、可用性等方面做了比较,并结合具体建设案例,指出了国土资源行业 存储系统建设采用SAN结构的优势。 相似文献
64.
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66.
多时相组合分类法在土地利用动态监测中的应用 总被引:16,自引:0,他引:16
介绍了土地利用遥感动态监测的基本概念,简述了遥感土地利用变化信息提取等遥感监测方法.重点探讨了多时相组合分类方法的相关技术。对广西2002年和2003年两个时相的MODIS数据.采用多时相直接分类法对土地利用变化状况进行了遥感动态监测。对不同方式波段组合的试验表明。经过差值、比值处理的波段组合具有较差的试验效果(总体精度只有30%~40%),而经过PCA变换的波段组合则具有相对较好的试验效果(总体精度超过70%)。 相似文献
67.
68.
Xu Jianchu Ai Xihui Deng Xiqing 《International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation》2005,7(4):299-309
Over the last two decades, China has introduced a series of agricultural and forestland use reforms, aiming to feed the largest population in the world and maintain ecological services locally and nationally. This paper studies the impacts of local government-driven reforestation on land use and land cover change, as well as its further impacts on livelihoods of upland farmers in Xizhuang watershed. An analysis of aerial photographs and ASTER satellite imagery from 1987 to 2002, respectively, showed that the forest has significantly increased at the expense of decreasing farmland. However, the monoculture reforestation of pine has caused both biophysical and socio-economic consequences. This case study also shows forestry decentralization in China remains incomplete. Land use and land cover change is also a political economic issue. Some of the reforms designed to protect forest resources have had a negative impact on rural livelihoods. 相似文献
69.
Operationally AVHRR and TM/TM+ data were used and a supervised maximum likelihood classification (MLH) was applied to depict land use changes in Beijing, providing basic maps for planning and development. With rapid growth of the city these are helpful to deal with higher resolution data, whereas new classification algorithms produce land use maps more accurate. In the paper, new sensor ASTER data and the Kohonen self-organized neural network feature map (KSOM) were tested.The TSOM classified 7% more accurately than the maximum likelihood algorithm in general, and 50% more accurately for the classes ‘residential area’ and ‘roads’. The results suggest that ASTER data and the Kohonen self-organized neural network classification can be used as an alternative data and method in a land use update operational system. 相似文献
70.
土壤热异常对地表能量平衡影响初探 总被引:3,自引:1,他引:3
将来自土壤深部的热通量引入off line的陆面过程模式 (NCAR—LSM ) ,通过长达 2a的数值试验对比分析了它对各层次土壤温度和地表能量平衡的影响。 在土壤底部引入 5W /m2 的热通量使底层土壤显著升温 ,但升温随着接近表层而迅速衰减。积分 3个月后 ,由地下进入地表的热流量增幅可达 1W/m2 以上 ,并持续增大到 5W /m2 ,地表最大升温约 0 .5K ,同时地表感热、蒸发潜热及长波辐射通量均有 1W /m2 左右的正异常 ;若将土壤热传导系数放大一个量级以加速热量交换 ,则地表升温提高到 1K以上 ,长波辐射增加 3W /m2 以上 ,超过了气溶胶全球平均的辐射效应。结果表明 :一定量值的土壤热异常对地表能量平衡和短期气候变化 (10 -1~ 10 1a)有着不可忽略的影响。同时 ,深入的资料分析、完善的陆面过程模式以及它与大气模式的耦合试验也是亟待进行的相关工作。 相似文献