SEDIMENT QUALITY AND ECOLOGICAL RISK OF THE RIVER MOUTHS AROUND BOHAI BAY

1 INTRODUCTION Bohai Bay suffers from eutrophication and red tide has been occurring frequently since the 1990s. The water pollution is caused by pollutants originating inland that account for 87% of all pollutants entering the bay. More than 40 rivers flow into the bay carrying 95% of the total pollutants and nutrients from inland sources (Zhao and Kong, 2000). Among these rivers, the Yellow, Liaohe, Luanhe, Haihe and Jiyun Rivers are the largest, which carry 1.3 109 t of sediment lo…     

Sources, distribution and composition of the suspended sediments, Kuwait Bay, Northern Arabian Gulf

Qualitative and quantitative assessment of suspended sediment levels and transport pathways in Kuwait's northern territorial waters are described, with special reference to Kuwait Bay. Near-surface water samples were collected from 12 stations, covering the whole of the embayment. Suspended sediment concentrations (SSCs) were derived. Heavy metal concentrations, mineralogical composition and grain size constituents were derived for the suspended sediments retained on the filter papers.The distribution pattern of the suspended sediments indicates the possibility of tidal current activity, dust fallout contribution and to a lesser extent, the effect of the Shatt Al-Arab (especially in northeastern Kuwait Bay). The distribution of various types of sediments and the variations of their textural, compositional and concentrations are controlled largely by the hydrodynamic conditions, nature of sediments.The results demonstrate clearly the potential impact of the Gulf War as manifested by the increase of SSC in 1992, compared to 1989/1990. Such an input may be attributed also to drainage processes from the Iraqi marshes. More studies are required to understand the environmental impacts of the suspended matter and the associated pollutants.     

厦门同安湾滩槽演变趋势的遥感分析

利用多时相遥感图像判释厦门同安湾入海河流分布、海岸类型及浅海滩槽地貌,并根据海水表层流场特征和浑水带(悬浮泥沙)分布扩散特征及不同时期的海图,对同安湾泥沙供应现状和运移规律以及浅海滩槽冲淤变化、演变趋势进行了分析研究。结果表明,厦门同安湾海岸类型已由类型较齐全的天然海岸演变成单一的人工海岸,泥沙运移走向在平面上展示了逆时针泥沙水平环流特征,潮汐通道和局部海域出现了冲淤变化,部分潮滩处于缓慢淤积状态中。演变的动力因素主要是潮流,其次是径流,人工海岸形成后,陆源泥沙对海域基本不产生影响。     

山东莱州浅滩的沉积动态与地貌演变

在野外观测和历史地貌调查的基础上，利用地理信息系统和遥感技术，研究了现代莱州浅滩的地貌演变规律和人类活动对浅滩地貌冲淤动态的影响。结果表明，受其特有的沉积动力过程控制，莱州浅滩不断淤高并向东北迁移、西北延伸。1958年以来由于修建水库、码头和海底采沙等人类活动导致泥沙亏损，浅滩在继续向东北迁移、西北延伸的同时，总体上处于侵蚀、解体状态，在中部和近岸部分之间、近岸部分和刁龙嘴海岸之间先后形成了贯通的潮流槽，不同地貌部位冲淤状态存在差异。     

历史时期莱州湾沿海平原湖沼的变迁*

莱州湾沿海平原地区,古代曾有许多湖沼,其中以巨淀湖最大。根据历史文献和考古资料,查明了随着历史的发展,巨淀湖发生空间转移,并查明大部分湖沼最后逐渐消失的过程,阐述了这些湖沼空间分布特点以及导致变迁的因素,探讨它们消失的环境后果,并尝试提出吸取历史教训改善环境的建议。     

志留纪宁强组碳酸盐岩台地的时空演变及宁强湾的封闭

志留纪兰多维列世时扬子地台的陆表海的各部分先后上升为陆,至特列奇期末仅在局部地区残留海湾,其西北缘的宁强湾就是其中之一。在相当于ｇｒｉｅｓｔｏｎｅｎｓｉｓ带上部和ｓｐｉｒａｌｉｓ－ｇｒａｎｄｉｓ笔石带的宁强组内沉积了２０００多米厚的泥页岩夹碳酸盐岩,底栖生态组合指示的深度浅于潮下带下部。基底的快速沉降和来自周缘不同时期隆起区陆源碎屑的强烈均衡补偿充填是宁强湾沉积的主要特征。宁强湾开口于西面的广海,其它三面由大巴山率先升隆区和西乡上升区环绕,在陆源碎屑干扰较弱的时期和地点形成了局限碳酸盐岩台地的沉积建造。宁强组碳酸盐岩地层可分为８个主要形成期,每期形成的局限台地在不同部位发育了各种类型的生物岩隆,各期碳酸盐岩台地都是由于大量陆源碎屑泥质的盖覆而结束。宁强组的顶界从东北向西南穿时,指示了扬子地台西北缘在特列奇期末由东北而西南的最后抬升过程。     

金融联系视角下沿海发达地区城镇网络空间结构研究

基于世界城市网络研究路径和沿海湾区经济发展背景,以浙江省县市（区）级行政单位为研究对象,将19家国内银行在各行政单元的数量和级别分布作为基础数据,使用链锁模型、社会网络分析等研究方法,对浙江省城镇网络空间的结构特征进行分析。研究表明：一是浙江省金融机构分布层级明显,与城市行政等级及经济地位密切相关;二是除杭州金融中心作用凸显之外,宁波、台州和温州等沿海城市也成为金融机构网络中的重要空间节点;三是研究区域内的政府干预、金融需求、经济协作关系以及文化差异对金融联系下的城市网络的扩张有显著的影响,金融业比重、人均GDP和行政边界则并无显著作用。     

Hybrid simulation of a multi‐span RC viaduct with plain bars and sliding bearings

This paper deals with the seismic response assessment of an old reinforced concrete viaduct and the effectiveness of friction‐based retrofitting systems. Emphasis was laid on an old bridge, not properly designed to resist seismic action, consisting of 12 portal piers that support a 13‐span bay deck for each independent roadway. On the basis of an OpenSEES finite element frame pier model, calibrated in a previous experimental campaign with cyclic displacement on three 1:4 scale frame piers, a more complex experimental activity using hybrid simulation has been devised. The aim of the simulation was twofold: (i) to increase knowledge of non‐linear behavior of reinforced concrete frame piers with plain steel rebars and detailing dating from the late 1950s; and (ii) to study the effectiveness of sliding bearings for seismic response mitigation. Hence, to explore the performance of the as built bridge layout and also of the viaduct retrofitted with friction‐based devices, at both serviceability and ultimate limit state conditions, hybrid simulation tests were carried out. In particular, two frame piers were experimentally controlled with eight‐actuator channels in the as built case while two frame piers and eight sliding bearings were controlled with 18‐actuator channels in the isolated case. The remaining frame piers were part of numerical substructures and were updated offline to accurately track damage evolution. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

基于遥感和GIS的福建文渡湾海域潮滩演变研究

强潮海区的潮滩冲淤演变对于潮滩开发利用、海洋环境保护及灾害预防等具有十分重要的意义。本文以福建北部文渡湾海域为研究对象,采用遥感和GIS相结合的方法,对淤泥质潮滩的冲淤演变特征进行研究。研究结果表明:1991年以来文渡湾湾顶潮滩地形呈淤积状态,尤其2005年以后淤积明显;淤积的主要原因可能与围垦造陆使得湾口缩窄,致使湾口流速增大、湾口局部海床冲刷的泥沙向湾顶搬运有关。     

渤海南部莱州湾Lz908孔沉积物的岩石磁学性质

亚洲大陆边缘海和陆表海在区域的物质和能量交换以及区域气候与环境演化过程中扮演了关键角色.磁性地层学和环境磁学方法是建立年代框架和环境演变序列的有效手段,但是,由于该地区边缘海和陆表海沉积物中磁性矿物来源十分复杂,磁性地层学和环境磁学研究的重要基础是要精细地解译沉积物的岩石磁学性质.为此,本文利用渤海南部莱州湾Lz908孔与钻孔附近的现代沉积物样品进行了详细的岩石磁学对比研究.结果显示,渤海南部沉积物中的磁性矿物主要是较粗颗粒(较大的准单畴至多畴)磁铁矿,还有少量磁赤铁矿,部分沉积物还含有赤铁矿和针铁矿,其中磁铁矿是特征剩磁的主要载体;莱州湾现代河流-海洋沉积物和钻孔样品之间的磁性特征无显著差异,说明莱州湾沉积物堆积之后尚未经历明显的沉积后期改造.