渤海湾浮游桡足类群落特征与影响因素

采用浅水Ⅰ型浮游生物网,分别于2017年春、夏、秋和冬季在渤海湾海域采集浮游动物,基于网采样品数据分析了桡足类群落的组成种类、生物多样性和丰度分布特征及环境因子与桡足类群落特征之间的关系。结果如下：调查海域共出现桡足类20种,其中秋季种类最多达到13种,春季和冬季分别为12种和9种,夏季最少为8种。渤海湾海域桡足类丰度的平均值在春季最高,达到了882.5 ind/m3。夏季和秋季分别为84.0 ind/m3和48.4 ind/m3。冬季最低,为11.8 ind/m3。桡足类在秋季时,其香农-威纳指数和物种丰富度指数的平均值达到了最高,夏季时桡足类的香农-威纳指数平均值达到了最低,桡足类在春季时,其物种丰富度指数的平均值达到了最低。通过分析环境因子与桡足类丰度间的相关性,结果显示：温度、盐度、溶解氧、磷酸盐、硅酸盐、pH和浊度等环境因子会对渤海湾海域桡足类群落结构的季节变化产生显著影响。春季桡足类丰度的总体分布趋势与叶绿素水平分布的趋势相似;夏季和冬季桡足类丰度的总体分布趋势与温度水平分布的趋势相似;秋季桡足类丰度的总体分布趋势与温度水平分布的趋势相反。     

杭州湾北岸临港新片区岸段潮滩沉积特征

近年来,海洋生态系统生态修复成效评估研究日益受到关注。本文梳理了国内外在红树林、珊瑚礁、海草床、盐沼湿地等四类典型海洋生态系统生态修复成效评估指标和评估方法方面的研究进展。结果表明,典型海洋生态系统在进行生态修复成效评估时,基于修复目标和修复方法,评估指标选取虽各有侧重,但主要包括生物和生境状况两个方面。多数生态修复项目的监测、评估都是在短期内进行的,缺乏长期、连续性监测,社会和经济相关指标的研究还相对较为缺乏。成效评估方法目前没有比较清晰、全面的分类。实际应用的评估方法较为单一,对海洋生态系统服务价值揭示不够全面。     

粤港澳大湾区港口供应链优化研究

为充分发挥粤港澳大湾区港口的竞争优势,促进港口经济的协调发展,文章基于粤港澳大湾区主要港口的实际情况,构建供应链博弈模型并进行数值仿真,研究相关因素对深圳港和香港港绩效的影响。研究结果表明:随着商品价格和库存成本的提高,货物从深圳港向香港港转移,但转移幅度逐渐趋缓;深圳港在中低端商品的货源收集方面具有明显的竞争优势,而香港港对高端商品的吸引力更强;货运结构逐渐向中高端商品过渡对于提高港口收益具有促进作用,其中深圳港应通过降低商品库存成本而降低经营风险;深中通道和港珠澳大桥通车有效缩短腹地运输时间,对于绝大部分商品价格和库存成本组合都将提高粤港澳大湾区港口的总收益。     

渤海湾渔业碳汇分析与预测初探

为了解渤海湾近十年来渔业碳汇能力,本研究汇总了渤海湾地区2010-2020年海水养殖的品种和产量。通过建立不同养殖品种固碳能力评估体系,计算了不同养殖品种对渔业碳汇的贡献和渤海湾近十年海水养殖固碳总量。结果表明,2010-2020年渤海湾海水养殖以池塘养殖为主要养殖模式,年固碳量从2010年的5.79万吨增至2020年的11.04万吨,十年内共计固碳96.0万吨,平均碳转化比为12.5%,其中山东省贡献超过65%。该探索对建立“渔业碳汇”计算的指标体系、科学发展碳汇渔业、提升海洋碳汇生态价值具有一定的指导意义。     

基于线粒体控制区的中国东南沿海黄鳍棘鲷群体遗传多样性和遗传分化

本研究通过对线粒体控制区序列进行分析的技术手段,对中国宁德（ND）、厦门（XM）、漳浦（ZP）、南澳岛（NAD）、湛江（ZJ）、海口（HK）与北海（BH）的7个野生黄鳍棘鲷（Acanthopagrus latus）群体的遗传多样性和遗传分化进行比较分析。结果表明：中国东南沿海的野生黄鳍棘鲷群体呈现出中等以上的遗传多样性特征,48个黄鳍棘鲷样品的控制区序列长度为580 bp,单倍型数目为44个,总体的单倍型多样性指数（Hd）和核苷酸多样性指数（Pi）分别为0.996和0.017 30。7个野生黄鳍棘鲷群体间的遗传分化程度较低,各群体间的遗传距离为0.010 28~0.029 87。群体间的遗传分化系数（FST）为-0.068 41~0.545 86,北海群体和其他群体间存在一定程度的遗传分化。AMOVA分析显示群体内的遗传变异占比为83.34%,大部分遗传变异发生在组群内;但北海群体与其他6个群体分为两个组群后,组群间的遗传变异占比为42.66%,两个组群间存在较大程度的遗传变异。基于Kimrua距离法构建的系统进化树中显示北海群体聚为一个分支,另外6个群体聚为一支。基于TCS network构建的单倍型网络图中44个单倍型混杂在一起,未按照水系格局和地理距离进行分布,表明黄鳍棘鲷群体间未形成多个单系群。本研究可为中国东南沿海野生黄鳍棘鲷群体的种质资源利用和保护提供科学依据。     

Multi-scale coupling analysis of urbanization and ecosystem services supply-demand budget in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region,China

Journal of Geographical Sciences - Rapid economic development and human activities have severely affected ecosystem function. Analysis of the spatial distribution of areas of rapid urbanization is...     

Short- and long-term response of phytoplankton to ENSO in Prydz Bay,Antarctica: Evidences from field measurements,remote sensing data and stratigraphic biomarker records

The study provides one of the first lines of evidence showing linkages between Antarctic phytoplankton abundance and composition in response to ENSO, based on historical reconstruction of sediment biomarkers. In addition to sediment biomarkers, field measured and remote sensing data of phytoplankton abundance were also recorded from Prydz Bay, Eastern Antarctica. Com-munity structure of field measured phytoplankton showed significant El Ni？o/La Ni？a-related succession during 1990 to 2002. In general, the number of algae species decreased during El Ni？o and La Ni？a years compared to normal years. Austral summer monthly variation of remotely sensed chlorophyll-a （Chl-a）, particulate organic carbon （POC）, and sea surface temperature （SST） indicated that ENSO impacted the timing of phytoplankton blooms during 2007 to 2011. Phytoplankton blooms （indicated by Chl-a and POC） preceded the increases in SST during El Ni？o years, and lagged behind the SST increases during La Ni？a years. Stratigraphic record of marine sedimentary lipid （brassicasterol, dinosterol and alkenones） biomarkers inferred that the proportions of different algae （diatoms, dinoflagellates and haptophytes） changed significantly between El Ni？o and La Ni？a events. The relative proportion of diatoms increased, with that of dinoflagellates being decreased during El Ni？o years, while it was reversed during La Ni？a years.     

Changes in Land Use and Agricultural Production Structure Before and After the Implementation of Grain for Green Program in Western China–Taking Two Typical Counties as Examples

Soil erosion becomes a serious environmental problem in the world, especially in western China. An effective management practice called the Grain for Green Program （GGP）, which was launched in 1999, aims to reduce soil and water loss and alleviate the ecological environment problem in western China. Two typical counties in western China, the Zhongxian （in Chongqing Municipality） and Ansai （in Shaanxi Province） were chosen to evaluate the dynamic changes of land use and agricultural production structure before and after the implementation of the Program in this paper. The results showed that the cultivated land area was reduced by 7.08% from 1989 to 2003. The cultivated land per person was decreased by 8.42% during 1999-2003. Moreover, the stability index of the secondary sector of the economy was increased from 0.91 in the period 1990-1999 to 0.94 in the following ten years. In addition, the stability index of tertiary economic sector increased from 0.88 to 0.92 in Zhongxian county. Meanwhile, the cultivated land area was reduced by 15.48% from 1990 to 1999. The soil erosion modulus was decreased by 33.33% from 1999 to 2006. Also, the stability index of secondary and tertiary economic sectors was 0.86 in the period 1998-2002. However, it decreased by 77% during 2002 to 2007 in Ansai County. These results imply that the Grain for Green Program had different impact on the two regions. Several effective strategies of soil and water conservation have been carried out to ameliorate the sustainable development of ecological environment and economy in these two counties of western China.     

日照市管帅地区地热资源特征分析

日照市管帅地区位于沂沭断裂带之昌邑-大店断裂两侧,莒县地堑东缘。通过对管帅地区地质构造、水文地质条件、热储层、反演电阻率及水化学的分析研究,探讨其地热资源特征,为管帅地区的地热资源规划开发提供参考依据。     

Radiative forcing over China due to albedo change caused by land cover change during 1990–2010

Land cover change affects surface radiation budget and energy balance by chang- ing surface albedo and further impacts the regional and global climate. In this article, high spatial and temporal resolution satellite products were used to analyze the driving mechanism for surface albedo change caused by land cover change during 1990-2010. In addition, the annual-scale radiative forcing caused by surface albedo changes in China＇s 50 ecological regions were calculated to reveal the biophysical mechanisms of land cover change affecting climate change at regional scale. Our results showed that the national land cover changes were mainly caused by land reclamation, grassland desertification and urbanization in past 20 years, which were almost induced by anthropogenic activities. Grassland and forest area decreased by 0.60% and 0.11%, respectively. The area of urban and farmland increased by 0.60% and 0.19%, respectively. The mean radiative forcing caused by land cover changes during 1990-2010 was 0.062 W/m2 in China, indicating a warming climate effect. However, spatial heterogeneity of radiative forcing was huge among different ecological regions. Farmland conversing to urban construction land, the main type of land cover change for the urban and suburban agricultural ecological region in Beijing-Tianjin-Tangshan region, caused an albedo reduction by 0.00456 and a maximum positive radiative forcing of 0.863 WIm2, which was presented as warming climate effects. Grassland and forest conversing to farmland, the main type of land cover change for the temperate humid agricultural and wetland ecological region in Sanjiang Plain, caused an albedo increase by 0.00152 and a maximum negative radiative forcing of 0.184 W/m2, implying cooling climate effects.