Numerical Homogenization of Two-Phase Flow in Porous Media

Homogenization has proved its effectiveness as a method of upscaling for linear problems, as they occur in single-phase porous media flow for arbitrary heterogeneous rocks. Here we extend the classical homogenization approach to nonlinear problems by considering incompressible, immiscible two-phase porous media flow. The extensions have been based on the principle of preservation of form, stating that the mathematical form of the fine-scale equations should be preserved as much as possible on the coarse scale. This principle leads to the required extensions, while making the physics underlying homogenization transparent. The method is process-independent in a way that coarse-scale results obtained for a particular reservoir can be used in any simulation, irrespective of the scenario that is simulated. Homogenization is based on steady-state flow equations with periodic boundary conditions for the capillary pressure. The resulting equations are solved numerically by two complementary finite element methods. This makes it possible to assess a posteriori error bounds.     

石油类污染物在包气带土层中的水化学迁移率测定

水化学迁移率是反映污染质在水-土孔隙介质中迁移锋面速度的参数,参数值的大小与土壤介质性质、水流状态、污染物质的物理化学性质有关。利用淋滤土柱的动态平衡试验法,模拟自然降雨入渗条件下,石油类污染物在吉林油田区包气带土层中的迁移转化过程。试验结果表明,其水化学迁移过程可分为淋溶阶段、吸附阶段和平衡阶段;微生物分解作用比较弱;不同厚度土层的淋滤液浓度衰减曲线趋势极为相似。考虑室内实验与野外自然环境之间存在的尺度效应,合理确定了阻滞因子、水化学迁移率。     

耦合人群移动的COVID-19传染病模型研究进展

构建传染病模型可为疫情防控与公共卫生研究提供至关重要的规划与解析工具。由于宿主行为是传染病传播动态的决定性因素之一,有效耦合人群时空行为对以人为宿主的传染病建模具有重要意义。得益于人群移动大数据研究与应用的快速发展,新型冠状病毒肺炎（COVID-19）的疫情建模研究中呈现出了耦合人群移动建模的显著特征。为系统深入理解该项传染病模型研究中的重要进展,本文对相关文献进行分析与总结。首先,本文分析了COVID-19疫情与人群移动的交互影响,说明了耦合人群移动构建COVID-19模型的必要性。然后,根据建模的目的和原理,从疫情短期预测与过程模拟2个角度,对耦合人群移动的COVID-19传染病模型进行分类梳理。其中,根据耦合人群移动的方式,本文将面向疫情短期预测的模型分为人群移动一阶量与人群移动二阶量的耦合模型,将基于过程模拟的模型分为群体级别和个体级别的耦合模型。最后,本文评述了耦合人群移动的传染病模型研究进展和未来发展方向,认为该领域研究亟需更加深入建模与疾病传播相关的复杂人群时空行为、提升模型的空间解析能力、突破精细化时空传播模拟的计算瓶颈、拓展与前沿人工智能方法的融合,并构建普适而开放的建模数据与工具以促进应用发展。     

广州市三类社区居住满意度与迁居意愿研究

通过问卷调查了解广州三种不同类型居住区即传统老城区、城中村、商品房小区居民的迁居情况,利用线性回归和多元Logistic回归,对不同类型居住区居民迁居后居住满意度的决定因素和居民迁居意愿产生的影响因素进行了研究。研究发现:不同类型居住区居民迁居后居住满意度的影响因素不同,总体上受社区归属感、住房所有权、设施完善程度影响较大,且与在本居住区居住时间呈负相关关系;迁居意愿的产生受很多因素的综合影响,不同类型居住区迁居意愿的影响因素有所差异。传统老城区家庭总月收入越低,居民对现住房越满意,越不可能产生迁居意愿,男性比女性更容易产生迁居意愿,高学历者更容易产生迁居意愿;城中村居民迁居意愿的产生是多种因素的复杂作用结果,其中社区归属感越强烈,越不可能产生迁居意愿;商品房小区居民的迁居意愿受户主年龄和婚姻状况的影响较大。研究结果表明西方的迁居理论,如生命周期理论并未能完全适用于中国,这与转型期中国城市复杂的住房构成和住房市场机制相关。     

基于中外五区比较的旅游劳工行业流动规律分析

以九寨沟为实证案例地,通过与我国九华山和国外匈牙利、英国萨默塞特和考文垂、加拿大温哥华岛的比较,探讨了不同背景下旅游劳工的行业流动模式、从业评价和驱动规律.研究发现:(1)旅游劳工转移产业分布十分宽广.国外商业、服务业占据了主导行业,衰落产业劳工占据1/10比例.我国农业、制造业占据主导行业,首次就业人群比例高,年轻女...     

基于位置感知设备的人类移动研究综述

每个人在地理空间内的移动看似随机而没有规律,然而一个较大规模人群的移动却隐藏着特定的模式。为了研究某些地理问题,如交通、疾病传播等,可以从个体行为出发,在地理信息系统的支持下,发现人类移动模式,并构筑基于个体的模拟模型,从而建立微观和宏观之间的桥梁,并支持相应的决策过程。信息通讯技术的发展,一方面改变了人们的空间行为模式,另一方面使得基于位置感知设备获取海量人类移动数据成为可能。近年来,上述研究一直是地理信息科学及相关领域的热点,该文对此进行了总结和评述。     

Martian landslides in Valles Marineris: Wet or dry?

The objective of this paper is to determine whether martian landslides in Valles Marineris were wet or dry and place constraints on the availability of liquid water in Valles Marineris during the Amazonian, when the landslides occurred. We, thus, statistically compare the power-law relationship between the volume and runout distance of landslides on Earth with those in Valles Marineris, Mars. The exponent of the power-law for martian landslides is similar to that for dry landslides and volcanic flows on Earth, and differs significantly from wet debris flows on Earth. The constant of proportionality in the observed power-law relationship for martian flows is linearly proportional to gravity, as predicted from physical modeling of dry flows in which the dissipation occurs in a layer of uniform thickness. Conversion of gravitational potential energy to heat is insufficient to generate more than a few weight percent of liquid water in the landslide. We thus conclude that water did not significantly influence the dynamics of landslides in Valles Marineris. This implies predominantly dry conditions in Valles Marineris during the Amazonian.     

东营凹陷红层地球物理特征分析及有利储层预测

东营凹陷深部储层是干燥沉积环境下的一套红层,其中的孔一中储层厚度大、钻遇井少,具有较大勘探潜力。但目标区地层结构复杂,埋深从南到北逐渐变大,井震关系一致性不好,储层预测有很大难度。通过综合分析井震特征、优选地震属性、建立井震厚度关系,使用单一最佳属性法、多元线性回归法、基于学习型的非线性储层预测法,得出以下认识与结论：1）研究区红层具有薄互层典型特征,频率较上覆和下伏地层高,地震反射具有中振、低连、低信噪比特征;2）新研发的基于优势频率的流度因子具有最好的厚度相关性,最大振幅、均方根振幅、过零点数、能量半时也较好;3）无论是多元线性回归还是非线性支持向量机,优化的五属性储层预测效果要好于七属性;4）基于交叉验证的支持向量机方法十分适合深部储层小样本储层厚度预测,效果好于单一最佳属性法和多元线性回归法。     

Itinerant livelihoods: Street vending‐scapes and the politics of mobility in upland socialist Vietnam

This paper explores the politics of mobility for a group of rural inhabitants attempting to diversify their livelihoods in an especially prescribed environment, namely ethnic minority street vendors living and working in upland socialist Vietnam. These Hmong, Yao and Giáy individuals face a political environment where access and trade rights shift on a near‐daily basis because of the impulses of state officials, and where ethnicity is central to determining who gets to be mobile and how. We analyse three groups of itinerant vendors—those vending on the streets of an upland tourist town, the mobile minority wholesalers who supply them and other traders, and vendors who trek with Western tourists—to reveal the nature of this trade environment, while also highlighting the ways in which ethnic minority vendors negotiate, work around and contest vending restrictions in numerous innovative ways. We find that this focus on the micro‐geographies and everyday politics of mobility is essential to understanding how rural Global South livelihoods are fashioned and diversified, in this case revealing specific relationships and negotiations regarding resource access, ethnicity, state authority and livelihood strategies.     

交互作用视角下人口流动性与住房类型对城市入室盗窃空间格局的影响

已有研究发现社区住房类型对城市入室盗窃的空间格局有重要影响,但鲜有学者探讨位于不同人口流动程度社区环境中的不同住房对入室盗窃影响的差异。本研究以中国东南沿海城市ZG市为例,基于日常活动和社会失序等理论,以社区为分析单元,利用入室盗窃警情数据、第六次人口普查数据和兴趣点数据（Point of Interest, POI）,运用空间滞后负二项回归方法,分析人口流动性与住房类型的交互作用对入室盗窃空间格局的影响。结果表明：人口流动性高的社区入室盗窃率较高;自建住房比例对入室盗窃率有显著的正向影响,原公有住房比例和商品房比例则呈显著的抑制作用;交互变量的结果发现,人口流动性与不同类型住房变量的交互作用存在差异,其中,人口流动性与自建住房、经济适用房、原公有住房的交互变量对入室盗窃的发生具有显著的促进作用,而与商品房的交互对入室盗窃的影响并不显著。说明在探讨不同类型住房与入室盗窃的关系时,应重视其所在社区的人口流动程度的影响。