Ridgelet变换在地震数据处理中的应用

最近，Stanford大学E J Candes和D L Donoho教授提出了一种新的多尺度变换-Ridgelet变换，它特别适合于具有直线或超平面奇性的高维信号的描述，而且具有较高的逼近精度。将它应用于地震处理中，即可获得较以前其它方法无法达到的精度和效果。     

西安市灰尘循环模式及搬运沉积

城市灰尘的搬运沉积方式与其粒径组成密切相关.一般说来,粗颗粒物多以滚动方式搬运;中细颗粒物多以跳跃方式搬运;极细颗粒物多以悬浮方式搬运.西安市灰尘颗粒物主要来源于以跳跃方式搬运的中远距离颗粒物,其次为以滚动方式搬运的近源颗粒物,而以悬浮方式搬运的远距离颗粒物约占12%.     

Slopes,boundary conditions,and the development of convexo-concave forms—some numerical experiments

Slope profile sequences are as much influenced by their boundary conditions as they are by the processes operating. The development of a simple slope under a single process can adopt a variety of forms depending on initial and boundary conditions, and a given form can be derived from several different processes. For example, convexo-concave forms develop under soil creep with basal accumulation, under wash with an initial step form, and under mixed wash and creep processes.     

Interactions between geomorphology and ecosystem processes in travertine streams: Implications for decommissioning a dam on Fossil Creek, Arizona

Travertine deposits of calcium carbonate can dominate channel geomorphology in streams where travertine deposition creates a distinct morphology characterized by travertine terraces, steep waterfalls, and large pools. Algae and microorganisms can facilitate travertine deposition, but how travertine affects material and energy flow in stream ecosystems is less well understood. Nearly a century of flow diversion for hydropower production has decimated the natural travertine formations in Fossil Creek, Arizona. The dam will be decommissioned in 2005. Returning carbonate-rich spring water to the natural stream channel should promote travertine deposition. How will the recovery of travertine affect the ecology of the creek? To address this question, we compared primary production, decomposition, and the abundance and diversity of invertebrates and fish in travertine and riffle/run reaches of Fossil Creek, Arizona. We found that travertine supports higher primary productivity, faster rates of leaf litter decomposition, and higher species richness of the native invertebrate assemblage. Observations from snorkeling in the stream indicate that fish density is also higher in the travertine reach. We postulate that restoring travertine to Fossil Creek will increase stream productivity, rates of litter processing, and energy flow up the food web. Higher aquatic productivity could fundamentally shift the nature of the stream from a sink to a source of energy for the surrounding terrestrial landscape.     

D2EHPA溶剂萃取除钙研究

研究采用D2EHPA(二-(2-已基己基)磷酸)为萃取剂的溶剂萃取法,在制备高纯碳酸锶工艺中的除钙问题。考察了萃取平衡时间、稀释剂、平衡pH值、温度、水相钙离子浓度、萃取剂浓度等因素对钙萃取率的影响,并研究了反萃条件及溶剂萃取除钙过程中锶的损失率。结果表明,D2EHPA(二-(2-已基己基)磷酸)-磺化煤油体系是除钙的优良萃取体系;萃取平衡时间在1 min左右;在平衡pH值为2.3~2.7的范围内,分配系数与pH值的关系为logD=2.0985pH-5.0215,钙的饱和萃取率达到83%;萃取过程的热效应很小,萃取率与萃取剂浓度的关系为logD=1.7312logCH2A2+2.5116;萃取过程符合液体离子交换机理,萃取络合物的组成为CaA2.1.4624H2A2;在粗碳酸锶盐酸浸取并除钡、铁杂质后的溶液中,D2EHPA(二-(2-已基己基)磷酸)-磺化煤油体系对钙的一次萃取率为46.11%,锶的损失率仅为0.35%,采用逆流多级萃取,可以完全除去其中的钙,得到高纯的氯化锶溶液。     

含氟地下水饮用处理技术

目前,高氟地下水和地方性氟中毒是世界范围内的一个难题,为解决这一问题,世界各国科研人员进行了大量的试验研究,总结出了不少成功的处理方法.综述前人对含氟地下水的各种处理技术,包括吸附法、沉淀法、电凝聚法、电渗析、Donna渗析等,并对这些技术进行了总结和比较,以指导生产实践.     

皂素生产废水后续处理方法的选择

用EM菌—活性污泥法和混凝法两种方法对经一次处理过的皂素生产废水进行二次处理,比较两种方法的处理效果。结果表明,在最佳条件下EM菌-活性污泥法对废水处理效果较好,最后出水可达排放标准;而混凝方法对废水处理的效果甚小,可以得出皂素生产废水不宜用混凝方法来预处理或后处理。     

航空TEM及航磁资料在剥离玄武岩盖层中的应用研究——以阿巴嘎旗地区为例

二连盆地是一个大型中新生代产铀盆地,但地表大面积分布的新生代玄武岩盖层严重制约了铀矿勘查进展,开展航空TEM(瞬变电磁法)及航磁在剥离玄武岩盖层中的应用研究,对寻找深部隐伏铀矿具有重要意义。根据最新获取的盆内阿巴嘎旗东部航空TEM及航磁数据开展研究:首先根据航磁ΔT及航磁ΔT高通滤波曲线确定玄武岩岩性;再根据航空TEM反演电阻率断面确定玄武岩的底界面位置;最后提取断面解释的玄武岩位置信息并生成玄武岩空间位置数据库,得到研究区玄武岩顶/底界面海拔高程及厚度数据,从而将玄武岩剥离。对比结果表明:本次推断的玄武岩盖层分布范围总体与地质图吻合,面积由之前的3438 km²修订为4146 km²,其分布边界在研究区中南部隆起区变化相对较大,推测与第四系沉积物分布范围小且零散有关,验证了航空TEM及航磁方法在剥离玄武岩盖层中的可行性与有效性。航空TEM及航磁综合信息在玄武岩覆盖区铀矿勘查中剥离玄武岩盖层起到重要作用,值得在玄武岩覆盖区推广应用。     

Cerium and Ytrium in apatite as records of magmatic processes: Insight into fractional crystallization,magma mingling and fluid saturation

Apatite is a versatile mineral crystallizing at different stages of silicic magma evolution. Its composition may record that of magma, but could also be affected by interaction with fluids. The focus of this study is the well-recognized magma mingling process that was previously detected using plagioclase composition and in this study complementary record is sought in apatite. The apatite was analysed in two dioritic enclaves (primitive and hybrid) and host quartz monzonite, which is an igneous rock emplaced at ca. 340 Ma in mylonitized Góry Sowie gneisses (NE Bohemian Massif). The apatite was analysed in-situ by microprobe that allowed for chemical characterization of different apatite populations in quartz monzonite and analyses of thin acicular apatite in the enclaves. Apatite population in the quartz monzonite was chemically distinct from that in both enclave types and characterized by higher Y and lower Ce contents, such values are usually typical for peraluminous magmas. As such, the apatite transfer from felsic to mafic magma should be well recorded in apatite composition, which was not the case. Monzonite apatite composition was not commonly observed in the hybrid enclave despite massive plagioclase transfer and only rare resorbed cores with low Ce and Y contents were present. However, such low Ce and Y cores crystalized at the latest stage of apatite crystallization in the quartz monzonite, whereas the plagioclase transfer was an early episode. Therefore, we conclude that apatite transfer was limited during mingling and the apatite composition in the quartz monzonite is best explained by an early Cl-Ce-rich fluid removal and then fractional crystallization, while apatite in the primitive enclave is affected only by fractional crystallization. Altogether, Ce and Y composition of apatite is a valuable tool to record diverse magmatic processes such as fluid removal and precipitation from fluid in addition to fractionation of different REE phases and should be further explored.     

淋溶时间对红黏土物理力学特性的影响

以湖北省鄂州市庙岭镇的红黏土为研究对象,以化学选择溶解法结合淋溶作用为处理手段,将原状土样中的游离氧化铁按梯度去除,获得连二亚硫酸钠-柠檬酸钠-碳酸氢钠(DCB)溶液淋溶时间与除铁率的关系,并分析了不同淋溶时间对红黏土物理力学特性及微观孔隙结构的影响。试验结果表明,DCB溶液淋溶时间与除铁率相关性较强,除铁率与时间呈先快速增长后逐渐稳定的关系。由于游离氧化铁在土颗粒间主要起胶结作用,故淋溶时间对红黏土的物理力学特性有较大影响。随着淋溶时间的增长,黏粒与胶粒含量逐渐增大,耐热性小幅提升,无侧限抗压强度显著减小,且无侧限抗压强度变化整体趋势为前期急剧降低至后期趋于平稳。核磁共振、差热分析和电镜扫描的结果表明,随着淋溶时间的增大,庙岭红黏土内部孔隙增大,自由水减少,结合水增多,微观形态上团粒结构遭到破坏,胶结物质明显减少,结构形式从紧凑的粒团堆叠结构逐渐转化为聚集体-松散颗粒状结构。