岩石—土壤—植被(红背山麻杆、裸花紫珠)间的元素迁移——以广西巴马岩溶石山地区为例

通过对碳酸盐岩与土壤、碳酸盐岩与红背山麻杆、裸花紫珠及土壤与红背山麻杆、裸花紫珠间的元素相关分析,发现:(1)碳酸盐岩和土壤的元素存在高度的相关关系,从岩石到土壤,元素迁移顺序总体表现为:CaO＞MgO＞Na2O＞P2O5＞MnO＞Pb＞Zr＞Fe2O3＞TiO2＞SiO2＞Al2O3;(2)土壤与两种检测植物的元素也存在较高的相关性,并且两种检测植物还表现出基本相似的土壤元素生物吸收系数,即:红背山麻杆的土壤元素生物吸收系数顺序为:P＞Ca＞Fe＞K＞Na＞Mn＞Pb＞Al＞Mg＞Zr＞Ti＞SiO2,裸花紫珠的为:P＞K＞Fe＞Na＞Ca＞Mn＞Al＞Pb＞Mg＞Zr＞Ti＞SiO2;(3)植物中的常量元素由岩石中的常量元素所决定,在同样的岩性基底上,不同植物体内富集、累积而成的元素结构有着较高的一致性。      

Removal of NO3– from Drinking Water by Electrocoagulation – An Alternate Approach

The present study provides an electrocoagulation method, for the removal of NO₃^– from drinking water using magnesium as the anode and cathode. The experiments are carried out as a function of pH, temperature, and current density. The results show that the maximum removal efficiency of 95.8% was achieved at a current density of 0.25 A/dm², at a pH of 7.0. The adsorption of NO₃^– preferably fitting the Langmuir adsorption isotherm suggests monolayer coverage of the adsorbed molecules. The adsorption process follows a second‐order kinetics model. Thermodynamic studies show that the adsorption was exothermic and spontaneous in nature.     

老卤蒸发—冷却结晶脱镁的研究

采用蒸发—冷却结晶方法,对青海大柴旦盐湖提钾后的老卤进行脱镁试验研究。试验结果表明,一次蒸发温度为125℃时,老卤的镁去除率达到了33%,蒸发冷却后卤水的流动性较好。一次蒸发温度在135℃时,老卤的镁去除率达到了74%以上,但蒸发冷却后的卤水流动性差,过滤性能不佳。二次蒸发采用125℃蒸发后的卤水为原料,没有达到预期效果。     

Asymmetric Delamination and Convective Removal Numerical Modeling: Comparison with Evolutionary Models for the Alboran Sea Region

Convective removal and mantle delamination are geodynamical mechanisms proposed to explain the presence of extension in the Alboran Sea within a regional context of compression. Using a new thermo-mechanical algorithm, we present here a quantitative evaluation and comparison of conceptual models based on these geodynamical mechanisms. In contrast to the in situ convective removal process, the laterally propagating delamination mechanism is shown here to be consistent with first-order features of the Alboran Sea such as the thinning/thickening distribution, intermediate-depth seismicity and upper mantle structure imaged by seismic tomography. The lower crust is predicted to reach depths of 100–150 km in some areas, due to mechanically-driven viscous drag of the downwelling mantle.     

堤下爆炸法处理淤泥地基新工艺的理论、实验及工程应用(Ⅰ)堤下爆炸法的理论及实验研究

在淤泥质海岸建造高桩码头,通常在开挖基槽后沉桩再抛石形成棱体。基槽中的回淤淤泥很难清除,为此研制了堤下爆炸挤淤新工艺。本文是关于该新工艺的理论、实验及工程应用的一个总结,分两部分,第一部分着重介绍挤淤机理、装药工艺、模型律及药量公式等。研究及应用表明,这种新工艺与先前我们研制成功的爆夯法及爆填法一起,构成了较为完整的工艺系列。     

Design and Development of Onsite Biofilter Unit for Effective Remediation of Contaminants from Wastewater

Agricultural biomass is proven ecofriendly and effective adsorbent for the remediation of contaminants from wastewater. Here, rice husk biochar (600 °C) prepared by a one-step pyrolysis method is used for the remediation of different contaminants in real samples. An onsite biofilter unit is fabricated with parallel trenches of different layers of coconut coir and biochar and is used as a biofiltration unit. The efficiency of the designed unit is assessed for the removal of different contaminants in pilot-scale experiments. Results show that removal efficiency varies from metal to metal and ranges from 5.52% to 90.76% using the biofilter unit. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive X-ray analysis, carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, and Brunauer–Emmett–Teller analysis before and after the adsorption represent the changes in the morphology and surface functionalization of the biochar. Results indicate that the designed biofilter unit could also be used as a promising agent for the remediation of pharmaceutical and other emerging contaminants from wastewater.     

Comparison of Treatment Efficiency and Energy Consumption of Batch and Continuous Electrocoagulation in Urban Wastewater

In this study, domestic wastewater was used as the electrolyte. The work was carried out with an up-flow tubular reactor, made of stainless steel that was used as cathode, while the anode electrode material was aluminum and varying values of flow regime (25, 50, 75 and 100 mL/s for continuous system), initial pH value (5, 6, 7 and 7.8) and current intensity (10, 15 and 20 A) were applied. For domestic wastewater with natural pH, the effluent pH was >9 in the batch system, while in the continuous system the pH was 8–8.5. Likewise, while the effluent temperature was up to 60°C in the batch system, it was at most 35°C in the continuous system. However, the energy consumption values in the continuous system were considerably lower compared with the batch system. At a current intensity of 10 A, 80 kWh of energy per unit volume was consumed in the batch system, while it was 50 kWh for the continuous system. The present results show that the batch system can be used for small wastewater streams whereas the continuous system can be used for large wastewater streams for domestic wastewater treatment.     

APPLICATION OF CLAYS TO REMOVAL OF RED TIDE ORGANISMS Ⅲ.THE COAGULATION OF KAOLIN ON RED TIDE ORGANISMS

This article reports studies on the coagulation of kaolin(from Wuxian,Jiangsu,China)on various red tide organisms,and the observation for the first time that the coagulation of kaolin is much greaterthan that of montmorillonite so that kaolin is a more effective clay for removing red tide organisms.The authors’theoretical explanation and analysis by a mathematical-physical model prove that comparedto montmorillonite,kaolin has greater attraction for organism cells and therefore greater coagulation capabil-ity.This project’s studies on the effects of pH and acid-treatment show that the acid-treatment does not have much influence on the kaolin system;whereas the effect of pH on the kaolin system is the same asthat on the montmonrillonite system.     

IPCC AR6报告解读：气候系统对二氧化碳移除响应

IPCC AR6报告中控温1.5℃和2℃的低排放情景需要在21世纪中叶以后实现净负CO₂排放,这需要在很大程度上依赖CO₂移除措施。AR6对CO₂移除的主要评估结论如下：CO₂移除有潜力从大气中去除CO₂（高信度);如果CO₂移除量超过CO₂排放量,将实现净负CO₂排放,降低大气CO₂浓度,减缓海洋酸化（高信度);通过CO₂移除方法从大气中去除的CO₂会部分被海洋和陆地释放的CO₂抵消（非常高信度);如果净负CO₂排放可以实现并且持续,CO₂引起的全球升温趋势将会逐渐扭转,但是气候系统的其他变化（例如海平面升高）仍会在未来的几十年到千年尺度上持续（高信度);不同CO₂移除方法会对生物化学循环和气候产生广泛的影响,这些影响会加强或减弱CO₂移除的降温潜力,并且影响水资源、食物生产和生物多样性（高信度）。     

长白山火山热红外卫星遥感监测原理与框架设计

遥感技术的迅猛发展为火山监测提供了无法替代的技术手段，探讨火山区热红外遥感监测机理对提高地热异常的监测精度将起到积极的作用。在对地热异常有关因素如：热辐射、热传导、对流交换等进行深入分析的同时，也指出了各种不同类型的噪声干扰着地热异常信息的正常传输，并提出了合理解决问题的方法。